• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.647-654
• /
• 2020

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the serious environmental problems and threatens human health. Plants can clean the air by removing PM from the atmosphere. This study was carried out to investigate the PM removal efficiency of 12 species of woody plants. Methods: Actinidia arguta, Dendropanax morbiferus, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Pittosporum tobira, Rhaphiolepis indica, Rhapis, Salix integra, Salix koreensis, Schisandra chinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki, and Vitis coignetiae were used as plant material. Six 15 cm (D) pots were placed in an acrylic chamber of 800 (D) × 800 (W) × 1000 (H) mm. The LED panel was used as a light source. The reduction of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 for 300 minutes after the injection of PM was automatically measured. Results: The leaf area and the amount of PM in the chamber showed a negative correlation. 12 species of plants were compared by dividing the plants into 3 groups according to their characteristics: vines, trees, and shrubs and small trees. In the vine plant group, the averages of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 7.917%, 8.796%, and 30.275%, respectively. In the shrubs and small trees group, the average of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 10.142%, 11.133%, and 36.448%, respectively. In the trees group, the average of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 11.475%, 12.892%, and 40.421%, respectively. When the initial concentration was 100%, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 of Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki with the largest leaf area were 5.6%, 6.3%, and 21.0% after 5 hours, respectively, the best results among 12 species of plants. Conclusion: The vine plant group was more effective in removing PM than the other two groups. In the tree groups, the fact that the leaf development was relatively inactive at a plant height of 30 cm was considered to have an effect on the removal of particulate matter.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2010

This paper analyzes data on the composition, status, diversity, and distribution pattern of invasive forest undergrowth in a protected area (Khadimnagar National Park) of Northeastern Bangladesh. Assessment was done by means of stratified random sampling to diversify the invasive forest undergrowth species. For vegetation survey, 45 plots were taken randomly in ($2m{\times}2m$) circular plot from three topographical regions namely top of the hill, middle slope and plain land (15 plots from each region) and a total of 715 individuals, 22 invasive species belonging to 17 families were recorded from the study site. Among invasive species, shrubs constitute 10 species, herbs 9 species, and vines 3 species respectively. Mass number of invasive undergrowth species was grows in plain land (45.45%) followed by middle slope (31.82%). Based on the survey, invasive undergrowth plants of study areas were also categorized into three degrees of invasiveness e.g., highly invasive, moderately invasive and potentially invasive. Herbs, shrubs, and vines constitute the highest density at Chromolaema odorata (Linn.) King. (1.09), relative density at Chromolaema odorata (Linn.) King. 6.85%; highest and lowest frequency was calculated at Cassia alata L. (64.44%) and Diplazium esculentum (24.44%); for relative frequency the highest was Cassia alata L., which occupies 6.64%. Determination of the abundance of the different species revealed that Cassia alata L., constitutes (3.36) followed by Pteris cretica Wilsonii (3.14) of the area. The presence of invasive undergrowth species always reduced the number of associated species. Therefore, an extensive in-depth long-term investigation, proper policy formulation and management interventions and further study and continuous monitoring on their impacts need to be triggered targeting the control of the invasive undergrowth species of this protected area. In this aspect, national and international organization could help to conserve its biodiversity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.4
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 1997

The objectives of this study were to obtain standardized basic data on cambial electrical resistance (CER) of ornamental trees to be used for estimation of tree vigor and to compare CER between shrubs, deciduous, and coniferous trees in relation to bud opening, flowering, and growth cessation. Eighty healthy trees with four trees each for twenty ornamental tree species growing at an university campus in Suwon were selected and their CER was measured using a Shigometer every week from March to May, once a month from June to October and every two weeks in November, 1996. The CER of all tree species was high in March, started to decrease in April, maintained minimum in May through August, began to increase in September, and returned in November to the similar high level to March. Among the 20 species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides showed the lowest($5.5k{\Omega}$) annual average CER, while Cercis chinensis and Ligustrum obtusifolium had the highest($22.7k{\Omega}$, $22.9k{\Omega}$) annual average CER. The lowest CER($2.4k{\Omega}$) in summer(June through August) was obtained from Wisteria floribunda, second lowest($2.5k{\Omega}$) from Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the highest CER($46.8k{\Omega}$) during dormant season from Euonymus japonica, and second highest($45.0k{\Omega}$) obtained from Ligustrum obtusifolium. The CER of most species, particularly shrub species, started to decrease with bud opening, and many species, particularly shrubs and deciduous trees with large amount of flowers, showed sharp decrease with flowering. When CER was compared between shrubs and trees, shrubs showed higher average CER than trees, and seasonal difference in CER of evergreen species was smaller than that of deciduous species. It is interesting to note that the deciduous Metasequoia glyptostroboides had the lowest annual average CER.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.79 no.2
• /
• pp.144-161
• /
• 1990

Pine forest communities developed in Mt. Palgong, southeastern Korea, were studied phytosociologically, with special reference to multiple management of local forests, and were classified into two communities, Pinus densiflora - Quercus mongolica community(I : mountain forest) and P. densiflora-Climbing plants community (II : valley forest) and six subgroups accompanied by several subgroups. Judging from the coincidence method, the division of communities (vegetation units) was closely related to altitude and topography. Based on vegetation units, a vertical distribution map of pine forest communities was prepared. The species composition(%) of pine forest communities under stratification, in upper and lower tree layer, teas I higher than II, in middle and shrubs lacer II higher than I (Total : Upper 15.5%, Middle 28.4%, Lower 34.6%. Shrubs 21.5%. Sum of mean coverage%i of understory vegetation was II twice as high as I (Total. shrubs 28.4%. forbs 11.4%, Graminoids 11.8%, ferns 1.0%). Based on constance, coverage and d.b.h. class etc., an actual growth and occurrence table of tree species and understory vegetation by vegetation unity were prepared, and could assume a criterion for judging potential dominance-growth conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2004

This study is to make plans for perpendicular greening with artificial ground of planter type to improve urban environment. The experiments of this study are performed to find out the suitable soil and irrigation method for artificial ground of planter greening. Thereupon, organic or inorganic soil improvement material is mixed with soil of each planter as experiment, In result, the plants in soil mixed organic soil improvement material thrive rather than that in soil mixed inorganic material, It is to be desired that the planter equip with the irrigation system, be wider than planter and be planted shrubs for positive plant growth. As for irrigation system, drip irrigation is effective on plant growth southern exposure but Ebb and Flow is effective eastern exposure. Therefore, irrigation system should consist of two types above plus keeping water on the bottom of planter to save water and store rainwater.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1997

The deciduous shrubs, Lindera sericea belonging to family Lauracea are distributed in Mt. Chogye and Mudeung locally. To estimate the community structure of this shrub, the relationship between the floristic composition and environmental factors of 20 sites in Mt. Chogye were investigated. L. sericea community distributed at the hum양 zone of altitude 305-480 m in ES and NE slope of $15~30^{\circ}$. The floristic composition of this communities consisted of 17-32 species varied with sites. Sasa borealis, Sapium japonicum, and Quercus serrata were the constant species over 90%. The forest vegetation was classified as Sasa borealis-Lindera sericea community, and the Sasa borealis-Meliosma oldhamii, and Sasa borealis-Callicarpa japonica were as subunit community. Acidity, organic matter content, inorganic phophate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and conductivity were determined as environmental factors. Diameter of stem at ground surface and stem, distribution area and growth property of this plant were investigated, and this plant was presumed to be a relic endemic species.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.141-155
• /
• 1988

We have large areas of forests in our country where various types of trees can grow. Since Japan geographically locates on a wide region with the extention of 3,000 km south and north, the climate varies from subtropical to subarctical one. Many mountains additionally make the climatic condition more complicated. Thus, we are able to see many kinds of trees in our forest areas. We have also frequent rainfalls through whole season and the precipitation reaches approximately 1,500 mm per year in many forests areas. In some rainy regions, it sometimes account for more than 2,000 mm. The condition is so advantageous for the growth of weeds and shrubs that it makes them very strong competitors with plantation trees in our forestries. It, therefore, may be said that the most important problem in Japanese forestries is to combat with undesirable vegetations continuously and to keep trees from weeds.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2020

Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are two closely related fungal species responsible for boxwood blight disease of ornamental shrubs (Buxus spp.) in the U.S. and Europe. A previous study has shown isolates of the latter species, which is restricted to Europe, to be less sensitive to tetraconazole, an azole fungicide. In this study, we have analyzed the CYP51 paralogs for polymorphism in 26 genomes, representing geographically disparate populations of C. pseudonaviculata (n = 19) and C. henricotiae (n = 7), from the U.S., Europe, Asia, and New Zealand. The presence of a CYP51A pseudogene and lack of a functional CYP51A paralog in all C. pseudonaviculata genomes examined is a novel discovery for fungi and could have implications for the evolution of resistance to antifungal chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.435-448
• /
• 1991

Mt. paektu(altitude 2,749.6m) is ecologically important because successional processes following volcanic eurption are quite clear. We investigated plant communities with altitude know vertical distribution of plant vegetation on the north-western slope of Mt. paektu was divided into five parts; the pine-hardwood forest zone(600∼1,000m alt.), the lower coniferous forest zone (1,000∼1,500 m alt.), the upper coniferous forest and birch forest zone(1,500∼2,000 m alt.), the alpine shrub zone(2,000∼2,500 m alt.) and the alpine meadow zone(2,500∼2,749 m alt.). In particular, the alpine zone was divided into alpine shrub and alpine meadow zones and distributed up to 2,500m alt. these results reflet the adaptations of these shrubs at this altitude. But these shrubby communities disappeared on the alpinemeadow zone. In the alpine meadow zone above than 2,500m alt., some meadows, papaver radicatum var pscudoradicatum. bistorta ochotensis, chrysathemum zawadskii var. latilobum etc., were occured.