• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2010

This study helps in the production of brassieres suitable for female adults by researching the actual wearing conditions and purchasing status, satisfaction rate, and preferences of female college students in their early 20's. The collected data was analyzed by a SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and the results of the research are as follows. 1. There is a noticeable difference between the breast satisfaction rate and breast size, in addition the satisfactory rate was higher in the normal breast size or a little ample size than in the very small or very big size. According to the shape, the satisfactory rate for the breast appeared to be high in the case of the recognition and evaluation of the hemisphere type than the flat, cone, pop out, and downward type. 2. For fitness, the looseness at the top of the cup (pressed between the breasts at the upper part of the front middle), pressing and looseness at the upper sides of the cup, inappropriate size of the cup, tightness of the wings, tightness at the bottom round of the breasts, the narrow width of the wire, wide space of the shoulder strings, and the sliding of the shoulder strings had problems that needed improvement. 3. The major priorities for purchasing brassieres are size, fitness, and aesthetic qualities. As a result, the size and the fitness are more important than the trend or decorations since the brassiere has the function to support the breasts that shows that hygiene and sanitation are recognized as an important standard for undergarment selection. The size and the fitness are important factors regardless of breast types in the examination of the selection standards of the brassieres for each breast type, but the cone and hemisphere types have higher preferences for design; the pop out type has more considerations for the material of the cloth. The result show that appearance is more important for smaller breasts, but the functionality of the brassier is more important than the appearance for medium and larger breast sizes.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1999

목적 상완골 근위부 골절환자들을 대상으로 Ender 정을 삽입한 군과 보전적 치료를 한 군간의 비교 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Ender 정 삽입군의 경우 9례에서 삽입하였으며 평균 연령은 69세였고, 보전적 치료군의 경우 9례였으며, 평균 연령은 72례로 두군간의 연령의 통계적 차이는 없었다(p=0.450). 모든 예가 2분 골절이었다. Ender 정은 상완골 원위부 또는 양측 외상과부를 통하여 삽입하였으며 보전적 치료군의 경우 Velpeau 붕대 고정으로 치료하였다. 평균 추시기간은 15개월이었다. 결과 해부학적 정복의 정도는 원위부의 내측 전위, 골편의 중첩, 골절부의 내반각 변형등을 기준으로 평가하였는데, 두 군 모두 초기의 해부학적 정복 정도는 추시상 변화가 없었으며, 이러한 해부학적정복의 정도의 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. Ender 정의 경우 고정의 안전도는 대부분의 례에서 불량한결과를 보여주었고, Ender 정의 삽입부로의 후방전위(3례) 및 그로 인한 주관절 통증 및 운동제한,골두의 천공(3례), Ende, 정 상입부에서의 상완골 원위부의 피질골 파열 또는 골절(4례), 골절 정복후 재전위(1례) 등의 문제점들이 있었다. 고찰 및 결론 : Ender 정의 역행성 삽입후의 결과는 보전적 치료군에 비해 별다른 차이점을 보이지않았으며, 오히려 많은 문제점들을 가지고 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.595-609
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the guidelines for Medic Work Table (MWT) based on the anthropometric data of medical technologists. Background: Users' anthropometric data such as sitting height, sitting elbow height, knee height, and so on are significant factors for designing comfortable and useful furniture. Thus, many guidelines for different types of desks and chairs based on the users' anthropometric data have been suggested to many researchers. However, few researches have been conducted to provide design guidelines for MWT for blood collecting task. Medical technologists often use their upper extremities to perform blood collecting task with high repetitions. These repeated motions could be a critical factor in the prevalence rate of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Therefore, a study on ergonomic design of MWT would be essential in preventing the WMSDs and improving the quality of the working environment of medical technologists. Method: This study suggested design guidelines for ergonomic MWT by focusing on the heights of the upper side and underside, depths of the inside and outside, and width of MWT through anthropometric studies and literature reviews. Afterwards, a new MWT was made using the suggested design guidelines for this study. Five healthy medical technologists participated to evaluate the original MWT and new MWT. All participants took part in the range of motion (ROM) test, electromyography (EMG) muscle activity test, and usability test to validate the suggested guidelines in this study. EMG signals of related muscles (Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Deltoid Anterior, and Biceps Branchii) were recorded through the surface electromyography system from both the original MWT and the new MWT. The ROM test of the shoulder and elbow flexion was also assessed using motion sensors. Results: The newly designed MWT showed decreased ROMs of the shoulder and elbow up to 22% and 18% compared to the original MWT. The muscle activities in the new MWT also showed a decrease of 13% in Anterior Deltoid, 6% in Biceps Brachii, 5% in Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and 8% in Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle groups, compared to the original MWT. In the usability test, the satisfaction score of the new MWT was also 56.1% higher than that of the original MWT. Conclusion: This study suggested guidelines for designing MWT and validating the guidelines through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of motion analysis, muscle activity, and usability tests demonstrated that the newly designed MWT may lead to less physical stress, less awkward posture, and better physical user interface. Application: The recommended guidelines of the MWT would be helpful information for designing an ergonomic MWT that reduces physical loads and improves the performance of many medical technologists.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2009

Recently, young men have become more muscular as they become more interested in physical figure. However, most of these muscular men have fit problems regarding ready-made clothes. In view of this, this study aimed to develop a prototype jacket pattern for muscular men. For this study, five muscular men were selected to put on existing jacket pattern for wearing tests. The regression formula, in which muscular men body measures were adopted, was applied to unsuitable parts, especially the areas determined not to be appropriate in the evaluation of existing jacket pattern wearing tests. After the first and the second jacket pattern wearing tests, the final jacket pattern suitable for muscular men was developed. The results of the study were as follows: In order to make up for the problem of the loosening of the lapel area, due to the development of the chest muscle, the chest circumference line on the chest area of the pattern was cut to be 1.0cm wide; thus, the front length was modified with an increase. The wearing tests found that a wearers felt discomfort from the tight armhole area, so the armhole depth was set to be a little lower than that of ready-made clothes. A muscular men needs much more extra quantity in this area because the upper part of the back side is projected due to the greater development of the trapezius muscle and the deltoid than in average men. Hence, concerning the standard line for the length of the back interscye, ease of 1.0cm was added to the regression equation formula {(0.371${\times}$chest circumference+3.145)/2} in order to resolve the discomfort with the back area. Also, for the biacromion length, the upper arm protruded more than the shoulder point of the jacket because of the development of the deltoid and the upper arm muscle, and it was set to be wider than the actual shoulder. In order to solve the problem of discomfort from the narrow neck area during the wearing of a jacket owing to the development of the trapezius muscle, extra ease of 0.5cm was added to chest circumference/12-0.5cm in the existing jacket prototype to the width of back of the neck, and it was corrected to be chest circumference/12.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.255-267
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in farmers. Methods: In order to examine the factors affecting the musculoskeletal symptoms among farmers, data of 'Occupational Disease Survey for Farmers' was performed by the RDA(Rural Development Administration). Results: The odds ratio of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among female farmers were 1.42(1.30-1.56) times higher than male farmers. The older aging and longer the agricultural work period, the higher odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms was shown. By major crops, all crop farmers showed higher odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms compared to rice crop farmers. As a result of examining the effective factors on the odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms by body parts, female farmers had higher odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms than male farmers by 1.38(1.26-1.51) times in waist, 1.58(1.44-1.74) times in knee, 1.32(1.05-0.67) times in hand/wrist, and 1.30(1.06-1.59) times in foot/ankle. By crops, animal husbandry farmers had higher odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms than rice crop farmers by 1.44(0.89-2.35) times in waist, and field crop farmers were 1.37(1.07-1.77) times higher in knee. Compared with rice crop farmers, odds ratio of the shoulder part the shoulder parts were 1.19(0.81-1.76) times higher in greenhouse crop farmers and 1.16(0.97-1.38) times higher in dry field crop farmers. Odds ratio of the hands/wrist parts were higher odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms than rice crop farmers by 1.69(1.00-2.87) times in greenhouse crop farmers. Conclusions: The results of this study would help to select the group that needs to be managed first, and could be used as basic data for the development of customized musculoskeletal disorders prevention programs.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables when Uchi-mata(inner thigh reaping throw) performing by Kumi-kata(engagement position, basic hold) types A, B(A: grasping part-behind neck lapel, B: chest lapel) in Judo with three dimensional analysis technique DLT method by videography. The subjects were four male judokas who have been training in Yong-In University(YIU), on Korean Representative level and Uchi-mata is their tokui-nage(favorite technique), the throwing form was filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video camera( 30frame/sec. Panasonic). Kinematic variables were temporal, posture, and COG. The data collection was performing by Uchi-mata. Six good trials were collected for each condition (type A, B) among over 10 trials. The mean values and the standard deviation for each variable were obtained and used as basic factors for examining characteristics of Uchi-mata by Kumi-kata types. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1) Temporal variables The total time elapsed(TE) by Uchi-mata of types A, B were 1.45, 1.56 sec. respectively. Types A shorter than B. 2) Posture variables In performing of Uchi-mata, the range of flexion in type A, left elbow was $45^{\circ}$ and B was $89^{\circ}$ from Event 2(E2) to Event 6(E6). Type A and B were quite different in right elbow angle in Event1(E1). Left shoulder angle of type A was extended and type B was flexed in E4. Both types right shoulder angles were showed similar pattern. Also both hip angles(right/left) were showed similar pattern. When type A performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $142^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of kake phase[KP], and extended to $147^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $86^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $126^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $132^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $106^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $121^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. When type B performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $144^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $154^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $92^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $132^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $140^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $103^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $115^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. During Uchi-mata performing, type A showed pulling pattern and type B showed lift-pulling pattern. As Kumi-kata types, it were different to upper body(elbow, shoulder angle), but mostly similar to lower body(hip, knee, ankle angle) on both types. 3) C. O. G. variables When the subjects performed Uchi-mata, COG of type A, B up and down in vertical aspect was 71cm, 73.8cm in height from the foot in the 2nd stage of KP. As Kumi-kata types, it were different on medial-lateral direction aspect but weren't different in Kuzushi phase on vertical direction aspect.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2002

이 연구는 배드민턴 경기기술 중 클리어에 대한 연구 대부분 경기분석 및 타법사용에 대한 연구에 국한되어 있어 여자중학생 배드민턴 선수를 대상으로 하이클리어 동작을 운동학적 변인으로 측정 분석하였다. 이 연구의 대상자는 충청북도에 위치한 C여자중학교 배드민턴 선수 4명이었으며, 동작의 분석 범위는 준비자세에서 동작의 시작순간, 라켓이 최대로 백 스윙 된 순간, 라켓과 셔틀콕이 임팩트 되는 순간, 임팩트 이후의 마무리 스윙동작까지로 단계별 동작을 설정하였다. 여자중학생 하이클리어 동작을 운동학적으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 피험자 대부분 백 스윙 단계에서 어깨 및 팔꿈치 관절을 충분히 회전하지 못한 것으로 나타났고, 특정 관절 부분에만 좋은 동작을 나타내 관절의 협용동작이 떨어지는 것으로 보였다. 피험자 S1과 S2가 임팩트 단계에서 어깨 및 팔꿈치 관절은 크게 천천히 스윙하다가 오른 손목관절 및 라켓헤드의 속도는 빠르게 나타나 다른 피험자 보다 관절의 협웅동작이 잘 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 피험자 모두 성장기에 있는 학생으로서 관절의 유연성에 기인하여 오른 어깨각도 변화는 큰 각도를 보였고 각속도는 피험자 S3이 다른 피험자 보다 기술적 차이를 보여 개선될 점으로 나타났다. 피험자 모두 오른 팔꿈치 각도 변화는 비슷한 양상을 보였고 각속도에서 피험자 S2는 백 스윙단계부터 임팩트 시 심한 굴곡의 형태를 보여 힘을 효과적으로 사용하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 피험자 모두 오른 손목각도의 변화는 백 스윙 직후 큰 각도를 이루지 못하고 임팩트 직후 손목의 빠른 굴곡이 형성되지 못하여 셔틀콕의 속도가 감속될 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 각속도는 피험자 S1과 S4는 임팩트 시 음(-)의 각속도 값을 보여 강한 스냅을 이용하고 빠르게 움직이고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 피험자 모두 임팩트 시 무릎각도의 크기는 큰 각도를 이룬 반면 고관절 각도는 작은 각도를 보여 무릎관절과 고관절과의 합성동작인 강한 허리힘을 이용하지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1995

1986년 3월부터 1993년 12월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 정형외과학 교실에서 상지에 발생한 악성 및 침윤성 양성 골종양에 대하여 사지구제술을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 총 13명의 상지에 발생한 악성 및 침윤성 양성골종양 환자에 대해 사지 구제술을 시술 하였다. 2. 사지 구제 술의 내용은 8 례가 Tikhoff -Linberg 수술, 2 례가 분절절제 및 재접합술, 2 례가 종양삽입물 치환술 그리고 1 례가 분절절제술 및 유리혈관부착 생비골이식술이었다. 3. 13 례중 3 례가 골육종, 4 례가 연골육종, 3 례가 거대세포종, 1 례가 병적 골절을 동반한 유잉육종, 1 례가 연골아세포종, 1 례가 전완부 건 및 근육과 원위요골 및 척골을 동시에 침범한 평활근 육종이었다. 4. 추시기간은 술수 1년에서부터 7년 5개월로 평균 4년 5개월이었다. 5. 총 13명의 환자 중 1 례의 상완골에 발생한 병적 골절을 동반한 유잉 육종의 환자에서 국소재발 및 다발성 골전이가 나타나 수술 후 4년 4개월만에 사망하였고 나머지 12 례의 환자는 국소재발이나 원격전이의 소견은 없었다. 6. 상지에 발생한 악성 및 침윤성 양성 골종양의 치료로 여러방법의 사지구제술은 병의 치료 면이나 기능적인 면에서 만족스런 결과를 가져왔다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2000

목적 : 정상견관절의 각기 다른 위치에 따른 관절와 상완 인대들의 해부학적 구조 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 정상 견관절 9례에 대하여 생리식염수를 주입하고 외전 및 외 회전의 위치를 달리하여(각각 $0^{\circ}$ 및 $0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ 및 $25^{\circ},\;90^{\circ}$ 및 최대 외 회전) 자기공명 영상을 각각 촬영하고 이를 이용하여 3차원 영상을 재구성한 후 관절와상완 인대 특히 중 및 하 관절와 상완 인대를 관찰하였다. 결과:. 중 관절와 상완 인대는 $0^{\circ}$ 외전 및 $0^{\circ}$ 외 회전시 상완골 두의 전면 적도를 중심으로 상하부에 걸쳐 이중 곡선 모양으로 비스듬히 위치하였다가, 외전 및 외 회전이 점차 증가하여 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $25^{\circ}$에 이르면 점차 상완골 두의 전면 적도 부근에 신장되어 거의 직선에 가까운 비스듬한 주행을 보였으며, $90^{\circ}$ 외전 및 최대 외회전시 상완골 두의 전면 적도의 상부 위치에 다시 곡선 모양을 보였다. 반면 하 관절와 상완 인대는 $0^{\circ}$ 외전 및 $0^{\circ}$ 외 회전시 상완골 두의 전면 하부에서 완만한 곡선 모양으로 위치하였으며, 외전 및 외회전이 증가함에 따라 상완골 두의 전면 적도 아래에 위치하면서 아래쪽으로 볼록한 곡선 모양을 보였다가, $90^{\circ}$ 외전 및 최대 외 회전시 상완골 두의 전면 하부에 거의 직선에 가깝도록 신장되어 비스듬히 위치하였다. 결론 : 견관절을 $45^{\circ}$ 외전 및 $25^{\circ}$ 외 회전 할 때와 $90^{\circ}$ 외전 및 최대 외 회전 시 중 관절와 상완 인대 및 하 관절와 상완 인대가 각각 신장되어 관절와 상완 관절의 중요한 정적 안정화 구조물로서 작용한다고 사료된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2015

Hanboks have evolved throughout time; for example, the curved Barae has changed into a more modern and sophisticated straight one. The development of staining techniques has increased color selections with more luxurious designs. I suggested a design of Dolbok that considers functionality, practicality and economic feasibility through a comparison of past and present designs. I suggested a fusion Hanbok based on a traditional Dolbok for baby boys and girls. An abundance of cheap resources has decreased the tradition of hand down clothes; therefore, I created functional and economic methods to adjust a Hanbok for kids to wear a long time. First, I made it possible to adjust the length of a skirt by a slip stitch (or catch) stitch with a Seurandan (ornate lower band) and placed the button on shoulder part of the skirt for baby girls. The width of skirt is designed for a 4 year old instead of 1 year old to adjust the size and compensate for growing kids; however, the clothes still look stylish despite the overlapped area. Second, I made a baby boy's vest with a belt that follows traditional methods that were comfortable for width variation. Third, I made Geodeulji (sleeve-ends trimmed with wide bias) that enabled long or short sleeves. Geodeulji made with a variety of fabric colors will enhance the decorative effect. Fourth, I made the width of clothes adjustable by putting Korum (tie) ON Jeogori for baby boys and girls. There are many studies on Hanboks but few reports on modern Dolbok. I believe that designers should further study fusion Hanboks within framework of traditional Hanbok designs to increase comfort and appeal.