• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the scapular rhythm of normal persons. 16 persons was no disease, injury and after-effect in period for July 1, 1996 to July 14, 1996. The statistical measures were performed by SPSS/PC t-test for classification. The result of this study were as follow : 1. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular superior angle from the mean distance in 83.4 mm of male and 86.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position(p<0.05). 2. The mean distance of body median line between scapular inferior angle was 97.9 mm of male and 92.0 mm of female to shoulder neutral position. 3. There was a significant difference between the body median line and scapular inferior angle from the mean distance with male and female to shoulder abduction $90^{\circ}$ position(p<0.05). 4. The mean angle of body median line between scapular angle was $6.4^{\circ}$ of male and $4.4^{\circ}$ of female with shoulder neutral position. 5. The mean ratio of scapular rhythm was 5.6 : 1 in shoulder abduction of $90^{\circ}$ and 5.1 : 1 in shoulder abduction of 180.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2018

Rare cases of a congenital absence of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) have been reported, and its incidence is unknown. In a literature review of the congenital absence of the LHBT, only 1 case was associated with posterior shoulder instability and severe posterior glenoid dysplasia. This paper reports the first case of a patient with a bilateral congenital absence of the LHBT with posterior shoulder instability without glenoid dysplasia or posterior glenoid tilt. The patient experienced a traffic accident while holding the gear stick with his right hand. After the accident, a posteroinferior labral tear with paralabral cysts was detected on the magnetic resonance images. The congenital absence of the LHBT was assumed to have affected the posterior instability that possibly increased the susceptibility to a subsequent traumatic posterior inferior labral tear. This case was identified as a posterior inferior tear caused by a traumatic 'gear stick injury'.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Purpose: In this research, the properties of the shoulder joint were measured through eccentric resistive exercise with the patients who have rotator cuff tear of shoulder joints as the targets. Methods: 23 patients who have pain due to the rupture of rotator cuff on shoulder joints were selected and divided into Exercise group (12) and Control group (11). Two groups executed exercise for 30 minutes 3 days a week. Exercise group had executed eccentric resistive exercise, and the Control group executed Complex exercise. Results: In external rotation $180^{\circ}/s$, $240^{\circ}/s$, the Exercise group showed to be an average of 8% higher than the Control group. For Internal rotation $90^{\circ}/s$, $180^{\circ}/s$, $240^{\circ}/s$ the Exercise group showed to be an average of 30% higher that the Control group. Conclusion: To lessen the rupture of rotator cuff on shoulder joints, muscles strengthening is very important across various methods of eccentric exercise programs which are external/internal rotators of the shoulder joint needed for throwing. This is effective in preventing injury and improving rotation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

Purpose: This study reports the clinical results of the arthroscopic Bankart repair in traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder with bio-knotless anchor. Materials and Methods: 21 cases of 21 patients (20 male and 1 female) were included in this study. The average age was 24.8 years old and the period from the first injury to operation was average 37.2 months. All cases had Bankart lesion and 12 cases had Hill-Sachs' lesion. The SLAP lesion was associated in 6 cases. Preoperative Rowe score was average 29.1. Arthroscopic Bankart repair with bio-knotless anchor were performed in all cases; 3 anchors at 3, 4, 5 O'clock position of the glenoid were used in 11 cases and 2 anchors at 4, 5 O'clock position were used in 10 cases. All the associated SLAP lesions were repaired arthroscopically with bio-knotless anchor. Thermal capsular shrinkage at the anterior and inferior shoulder capsule after the Bankart repair was performed in 3 cases. The average follow up period was 20.2 months. Results: The Rowe score improved to 92.8, excellent in 17 cases and good in 4 cases, at last follow up period and 20 cases had full range of motion of the shoulder. 1 case had mild limited range of motion of the shoulder (150 degrees in flexion, 60 degrees in external rotation and T12 level in internal rotation) without any problem in normal activity. The arthroscopic revision surgery of the shoulder was performed in 1 case because of multiple traumatic injuries of the shoulder with pain postoperatively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic Bankart repair with bio-knotless anchor in traumatic anterior shoulder instability is one of the good methods because of the good clinical results.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate basic data about the effects of muscle energy technique on the shoulder complex range of motion and posture alignment in the round shoulder posture. Methods: The subjects included 15 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the muscle energy technique for 30 minutes twice. The round shoulder posture was measured with a straight edge ruler. The shoulder complex range of motion was measured with the apley scratch test. The forward head posture was measured with ImageJ. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured with a tape measure. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the round shoulder posture both right and left (p<.05). The experiment group showed statistically significant differences in the pectoralis minor muscle length (p<.05). There were significant differences in the shoulder complex range of motion including flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left side bending, and right side bending (p<.05), but no significant differences were found in extension (p>.05). The forward head posture showed significant differences in CVA changes (p<.05) and no significant differences in CRA changes (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the muscle energy technique relaxed muscles around the shoulders and increased the shoulder complex range of motion. The technique is also expected to prevent pain in the neck and shoulders and lower injury risk. In conclusion, the muscle energy technique can be applied as an effective intervention for round shoulder posture.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the response rate to arthroscopic release treatment in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS) for patients with refractory to conservative treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, 51 patients (age mean, 49.1±5.6 years) with unilateral adherent capsule underwent arthroscopic releasing surgery for the shoulder capsule. Etiologies of the ACS in 30 patients were idiopathic: 10 patients were affected after surgery and 11 patients following trauma. The patients were evaluated in terms of shoulder function, satisfaction rate, pain intensity, and joint range of motion (ROM) based on a Constant score, a Simple Shoulder Test, the visual analog scale, and four movements, respectively. Results: The mean Constant score before surgery was 48.2±3.5 and reached 74.4±6 and 77.0±6.3 at 6 months and the final follow-up, respectively (p<0.001). The mean scores of pain intensity, a Simple Shoulder Test, and ROM showed significant improvement at all follow-ups (p<0.001). Sex, age, and diabetes did not have any significant effect on patient recovery. However, patients who experienced ACS after surgery had poorer results than others at all follow-up points. Conclusions: Arthroscopic releasing surgery of the shoulder in patients with ACS refractory to conservative treatment produces rare complications and an effective injury response. It seems that patients suffering ACS following surgery have a weaker response to the treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

While swimming is a very popular competitive sports activity, swimming injuries are unique due to the repetitive nature of the swimming stroke and demanding training programs that can result in upper limb overuse. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to analyze swimmers' injury areas, injury types by stroke type, and swimming rehabilitation, as well as to discuss safety management for improving swimming performance. In this study, the injuries incurred in swimming events were discussed in the order of upper limb injuries (neck, shoulder, arm, and wrist), lower limb injuries (knee and ankle), and waist injuries. An analysis by stroke type found that shoulder injuries occurred most often with freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly strokes, followed by rotator cuff injury, impingement syndrome, and SLAP (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) lesions. Knee injuries were associated with the breaststroke, whereas spinal cord injuries occurred with the breaststroke and butterfly stroke. Finally, back injuries were associated with the butterfly stroke. During the freestyle stroke, the shoulder undergoes repetitive overhead movement; hence, shoulder and musculoskeletal pain are the most common and well-documented complaints of swimmers. For safety management, coaches and instructors must ensure that athletes do sufficient warm-up and cool-down exercises to avoid injuries. In case of an injury, they should be familiar with first aid measures so that secondary damage can be prevented with its quick application. In addition, coaches and instructors need to be trained in injury prevention and treatment so that they can provide appropriate rehabilitation treatment for athletes. Although swimming-related injuries cannot be completely eliminated, to reduce them to a minimum, leaders need the knowledge to apply scientific and systematic training principles and methods individualized for each athlete.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.232-235
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• 2009

Purpose: We report here on a solution for the case of a 71 year old lady with cartilage destruction in the left shoulder and the loss of the rotator cuff secondary to post-septic arthritic sequelae. Materials and methods: After thorough laboratory, clinical and radiological investigation of the patient to rule out any foci of active infection, we contemplated performing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as a primary procedure. Results: At 22 months follow up, the patient had an excellent result according to the UCLA and ASES scales. Conclusion: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty seems to be an efficient procedure to improve pain and function in the post-septic shoulder accompanying severe rotator cuff injury.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2007

The acromioclavicular separation (AC separation) is a common injury, which is often accompanied by the rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament (CC ligament) in severe occasions. In rare forms of AC separation, the fracture of the coracoid process would occur rather than the rupture of the CC ligament. Only 31 cases of such injury have been reported in the English literature. We present 2 additional cases with literature review. The fracture of the coracoid process is not readily seen on anteroposterior shoulder radiograms. Severe AC separation without widening of CC distance on anteroposterior shoulder radiogram heralds the fracture of the coracoid process.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of modified swing to prevent shoulder injury by analyzing differences in the muscle activation patterns of upper limb by the swing method in wheelchair badminton players. Research design, data, and methodology: 10 wheelchair badminton players participated in the experiment as subjects and performed 10 high clears and 10 smashes in both traditional and modified swing methods toward a shuttlecock hung at the height of racket impact point. For each trial, activation patterns of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and posterior deltoid were measured from the upper limb participating in the swing from which the duration, peak, and root mean square (RMS) of electromyography (EMG) activities from swing initiation to shuttle impact were calculated. The maximum swing velocity of the smash and the distance of the high clear were also measured with both methods to compare differences in the swing velocity and shuttle hit distance. Results: Differences in the EMG peak and RMS of the anterior deltoid by swing methods were shown to differ by the skill type, being higher in the traditional swing method than the modified during only the high clear. The EMG peak and RMS, and the duration of the posterior deltoid were higher and longer with the traditional swing method than the modified during both the smash and high clear. The intensities of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii activities measured during the smash and high clear were higher in the traditional swing method than the modified, and the biceps brachii and triceps activity durations during the high clear were shorter in the modified swing method than the traditional. The maximum swing velocity of the smash was faster with the traditional swing method than the modified, while the distance of the high clear did not differ significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the modified swing can be an effective performance method for preventing shoulder injuries without undue loss of impact power in wheelchair badminton players by reducing excessive loads imposed on the shoulder and allowing the optimal use of the elbow extension.