• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.367-373
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• 1995

The purpose of this studied was the comparison with shoulder girdle muscles of isokinetic evaluation in the spinal cord injury group, and adults normal group. Data was collected from 20 cases spinal cord injury from January 10. 1994 to February 10, 1995 in a Chungnam University hospital and adults normal group to 20 cases. The results were as follows; 1. Low speeds peak torque was higher spinal cord group than normal group shoulder girdle muscles of flexor, extensor, external rotator showed statistically significant in spinal cord injury group(p<0.05). Against normal groups shoulder girdle muscles of internal rotator showed statistically significant in normal group(p<0.05). 2. High speeds peak torque was higher spinal cord group than normal group shoulder girdle muscles of flexor, extensor, showed statistically significant in spinal cord injury group(p<0.05). 3. High speeds total work was higher spinal cord group than normal group shoulder girdle muscles of flexor, extensor, external rotator showed statistically significant in spinal cord injury group(p<0.05).(p<0.01). Against normal group shoulder girdle muscles of internal rotator showed statistically significant in normal group(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative isometric muscle strength of shoulder girdle and the test reliability using by the equipment, named 'IsoTrack', selected by authors in the former studies. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (9 men, 21 women) were recruited in two sessions, one for intratester and intertester reliability tests and the other quantitative isometric muscle strength tests. The neck flexion, extension and scapular elevation muscle strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of the all subjects ranging between 0.96 and 0.97. For intertester reliability, the ICC and Pearson correlation correspond to 0.84 and 0.78. We gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength of women and men in left and right side. Conclusion: We concluded that there were high reiliability of isometric muscle strength of neck and shoulder girdle. Also, we gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength in left and right side in women and men. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare activities of shoulder girdle muscles according to types of closed chain exercise in the sixties. Methods: The subjects consisted of 15 persons in their sixties. Muscle activity of the pectoralis major, deltoid middle, deltoid posterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior were measured using electromyography according to shape of the support base and angle of shoulder flexion. According to types of closed chain exercises, muscles activities were compared by paired t-test. Significance level to verify statistical significance was .05. SPSS win (ver. 22.0) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Muscle activities of the pectoralis major, middle deltoid, trapezius lower, and serratus anterior showed significant difference according to types of closed chain exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to types of closed chain exercises of the shoulder girdle, muscle activities of the pectoralis major, deltoid middle, posterior and lower trapezius showed change of muscle activities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.115-126
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• 1999

OBJECTIVES: In order to study the effect of scapular girdle taping on hemiplegic shoulder pain, a clinical study was performed. . METHODS: Forty patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain were randomized into two groups. Twenty patients underwent a standard acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain (named control group). The other twenty patients underwent the same acupuncture treatment, but scapular girdle taping was added after acpuncture treatment (named sample group). Tapes were applied to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid and pectoris major muscles. Shoulder pain was measured with a visual analog scale. The acupuncture treatment was performed daily for 3 weeks, and the scapular girdle taping was performed for 3 weeks in the frequency of 2 times a week. RESULTS: In terms of improvement of pain, the sample group showed statistically meaningful decrease after 3 times treatment compared with control group (P<0.05). In terms of improvement of pain with shoulder subluxation, the sample group showed a statistically meaningful decrease after 3 treatments compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results support that scapular girdle taping is significantly effective in reducing hemiplegic shoulder pain.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of shoulder girdle stability exercise on upper extremity muscle strength. Methods : Subjects were consist of 20 people who had no disorder of upper extremity from 20 to 27 years of age during 6 weeks from April 3, 2006 to May 14. Ten of all subjects exercised muscles which stabilize to shoulder girdle for 30 minutes during 6 weeks. Biodex was used to measure upper extremity muscle strength. Results : There are increasing of shoulder flexion and extension on average torque but no statistically significant difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise. Conclusion : There are no severe difference between exercise group and non-exercise group on muscle strength.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 1998

Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare entity that consists of the disruption of the scapulothoracic articulation. The mechanism of injury is probably traction caused by a blunt force to the shoulder girdle. This lesion is characterized by massive soft-tissue swelling of the shoulder; lateral displacement of the scapula, an injury to bone, and a severe neurovascular injury. An l8-year-old man sustained a scapulothoracic dissociation as a result of severe shoulder girdle trauma. We report the diagnostic method, clinical and surgical management.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze the pattern of asymmetrical alignment. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 91 subjects aged 30-39 were evaluated by full spine AP X-ray. For pelvis, innominate measurement(IM), off centering measurement(OCM), ilium shadow measurement(ISM), major axis of obturator foramen(MaF), minor axis of obturator foramen(MiF) were analyzed. Spinal curvature and height of shoulder girdle were analyzed. Results : 1. In pelvis, It. posterior-inferior and it. inflare combination pattern was 38 cases(42.8%). 2. In spinal curvature, "reverse S" curve was 45 cases(49.4%) and "reverse C" curve was 30 cases(33%). 3. In shoulder girdle, It. superior pattern was 42 cases(46.1 %) and It. superior pattern was 39 cases(42.9%). 4. In whole body analysis, It. posterior-inferior and It. inflare pelvis, "reverse S" spinal curvature and It. superior shoulder girdle combination patten was 11 cases(12.1 %). This pattern is similar to Kendall's right handedness pattern and Zink's common compensatory pattern. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed asymmetrical alignment in 30-39 years-old adults. This results are expected to contribute to classifying the alignment pattern in clinic and systemic treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.388-392
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• 2012

Purpose: Muscle imbalance between upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) during arm elevation is a factor causing shoulder dysfunction. However, there is no study to compare the muscle activities of the UT and middle deltoid (MD). The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activities of the UT and MD between with and without elevation of shoulder girdle (ESG) during shoulder abduction. Methods: The subjects without (control group=9) or with (ESG group=8) participated in this study. The muscle activities of the UT and MD were measured using a electromyography during $90^{\circ}$ shoulder abducted position in both group. The data in middle of 3-second of the 5-second periods were used. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. For each muscle, independent t-tests were performed to compare for group differences. Results: The muscle activity of UT was significantly greater in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The muscle activity of MD was significantly smaller in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings showed that low muscle activation of MD as well as SA may contribute to hyperactivity of UT during arm elevation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.296-298
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• 2006

Droopy shoulder syndrome (DSS) is a rare disease, characterized by drooping shoulders, which stretches the brachial plexus, and causes pain, but without any signs of neurological impairment. These patients suffer from pain in the neck, shoulders, arms and hands, which result in long, graceful, swan necks, low-set shoulders, and horizontal or down sloping clavicles. No abnormalities in the vascular, neurological or electrical findings have also been known. The T1 and/or T2 bodies can be seen in the lateral view in a radiological study of the cervical spine. In the majority of cases, conservative treatments, such as postural correction and shoulder girdle strengthening exercise, are commonly recommended. However, DSS may be misdiagnosed as severe thoracic outlet syndrome or herniated cervical disc disease, leading to unnecessary and hazardous invasive treatments. The presented case was consistent with DSS, and was treated with stellate ganglion block, trigger point injection, and shoulder girdle strengthening exercise.