• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2022

The purpose of this study to improve the shoulder wheel that is used frequently during shoulder circumduction exercise in a park, to link the shoulder wheel to a game application comprising various shoulder circumduction exercise and shoulder ROM exercise, and to enjoy the game during the exercises. A step motor was added to the shoulder wheel, and the rotating speed and rotating angle, and rotating direction can be controlled. The shoulder height, different for different people, can be controlled as well, so that any user can use this device. The developed application content includes the game elements, to enjoy the repetitive and boring exercise with fun and interest, and the control to adjust the degree of difficulty. This was to help users heighten their desire to rehabilitate by inducing active participation during repetitive shoulder rehabilitation exercise because the game vests users with intrinsic motivation and immersion. If the shoulder wheel and application contents proposed in this study are used, shoulder diseases can be prevented in advance by performing muscle strengthening exercises required in an aging society. This study is expected to contribute to the field of research related to serious games and rehabilitation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2015

This paper presents a two-wheel balancing mobile robot with linear workspace extension structures. The two-wheel mobile robot has two linear motions at the waist and shoulder to have extended workspace. The linear motion of the waist and shoulder provides some structural advantages. A dynamic equation of the simplified robot system is derived. Simulation studies of the position control of the robot system are performed based on the dynamic equations. The dynamic relationship between a two-wheel mobile system and linear extension mechanism is observed by simulation studies.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.487-494
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• 1995

Two techniques were compared to test their effectiveness of frozen shoulder. The study was 20 cases of frozen shoulder who were treated at the department of physical therapy at Kum ma clinic during 6 months from 1 July, 1994 to 30 December, 1994. The treatment methods were application Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) and General Exercise(Pendulum exercise, Scratch exercise, Overhead pully, Shoulder wheel). The results obtained from these cases were as follows; 1. The subjects were 8(40 %) males and 12(60 %) females. The largest group was $50{\sim}59$ years of age 8 persons(40 %). 2. The majority of patients came for physical treatment within $7{\sim}10$ months after onset of shoulder pain(10 presons or 50 %) and 11 months after(4 persons or 20 %). 3. PNF cases recovered in average of 23 days and G - E cases 32 days. Also, the PNF method showed the best results in treatment of frozen shoulder better than the G-E.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

Among various manual materials handling tasks, pushing/pulling was known to be one of the risk factors for the low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to find out an optimal solution set of the handle height and distance for 4-wheel cart with two vertical handles. Ten male college students participated in the pushing force measurement experiment. The face-centered cube design, one of the central composite designs, was applied for the experiment, and the isometric voluntary pushing force was measured in 9 treatment conditions. The second order response surface model was predicted by using the pushing strength as a response variable, and the handle height and distance as independent factors. According to the 2nd order response model, the handle height and distance showed nonlinear relationship with the isometric pushing strength. To maximize the 2nd order response model (pushing force), the handle height and distance were optimized. The optimal handle height was 'xyphoid process height - stature', and the optimal handle distance was '$1.25{\times}shoulder$ width'. When calculated using the anthropometric data of the subjects of this study, the optimal handle height was $115.4{\pm}3.4$ cm, slightly higher than the elbow height, and the handle distance was $52.9{\pm}2.3$ cm.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

본 연구는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 포장(PSCP)의 횡방향 긴장 설계방안을 구축하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우선 PSCP에 횡방향 긴장을 가했을 경우에 긴장간격에 따른 슬래브의 응력분포를 분석하였다. 또한 환경하중과 차륜하중이 PSCP슬래브에 작용할 때 슬래브에 발생하는 인장응력의 분포도 분석하였다. 이러한 환경 및 차륜하중 등의 설계하중과 긴장응력을 결정하는 기준인 슬래브의 허용인장응력을 합리적으로 선정하는 방법에 대하여 논의하였으며 이러한 기준의 선정이 횡방향 긴장 설계에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 긴장간격이 커질수록 긴장응력의 손실을 가져오는 범위가 넓어지며 특히 Shoulder부분에서의 응력손실이 급격하게 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 횡방향 긴장 설계는 설계하중에 대한 슬래브의 응력을 산출한 후 슬래브가 허용인장응력 이내의 응력을 받도록 평균긴장응력을 산출하여 긴장간격 및 긴장량을 결정하면 되지만, 이때 Shoulder, Wheel Pass, 중앙부 등 슬래브의 여러 다른 위치에서의 응력 또한 반드시 검토하여 적절한 긴장간격을 선정하여야 한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This study determined the optimal positions of the movable steering wheel and pedal systems of industrial vehicle by various body dimensions. The position of objects and starting driving posture were measured by Martin-type anthropometer and goniometer. The X, Y and Z axis of movable steering wheel and pedal systems were measured horizon distance from right side to left side, horizon distance from front side to rear side and vertical distance from floor to ceiling. During the experiment in order to exclude learning effectiveness with forklift driving, 27 subjects who had male not experiences in driving a forklift used in the experiment. The relationship between the position of steering wheel and driver's posture with body dimensions was analyzed by using correlation relation and paired comparison t-test based on the measured data. The pedal location in X and Z axises was not related with various body dimensions. Also, the steering wheel was different among the angles of the right elbow and shoulder depending on the various body dimensions.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effects of the handle width(shoulder width, 1.25${\times}$shoulder width, 1.5${\times}$shoulder width), height(3 levels : knee, medium, knuckle) and horizontal angle($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$) on the pushing, lifting, and twisting strengths which were required for carrying single or two wheel barrows. Twelve healthy college students(male) participated in the experiment. In each experimental condition($3{\times}3{\times}2$=18), the subjects exerted three forces(pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise). The experimental conditions and three forces were tested in random order, and a minimum 2 minutes of rest was provided between exertions. Results showed that the mean and maximum pushing forces showed greater values when the horizontal angle was $0^{\circ}$ than $10^{\circ}$(p=0.016). However, the three independent variables had no statistically significant effects on the lifting forces(p>0.1). The mean and maximum twisting forces increased as the handle width became larger(p<0.05). Also, there was a marginal effect of the horizontal angle(p=0.065) on the twisting force. From the results of this study, the horizontal angle of $0^{\circ}$ and the wider handle width were suggested for the design of single-wheel barrows.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2024

In this study, compared two distinct estimation methods (stress charts and regression equations) proposed by the Indian road congress design guideline (IRC:58-2015) to determine flexural stress in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP). The occurrence of critical flexural stresses in pavement slabs is due to the combined effects of wheel loads and temperature. These stresses depend on various factors such as material properties of concrete, soil-subgrade strength, loading, and geometric properties of the slab. In order to account for the practical variability of these factors, critical edge stresses are determined using both methods and compared considering tied concrete shoulder. IRC:58 (2015) suggests, the stresses calculated by both the procedures should provide the same results. However, when these stresses are compared for the same configurations and same loading conditions, large variations are observed. The effect of tied concrete shoulder on reduction in critical edge stress is observed. Based on the study, certain important conclusions and recommendations are presented.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

This study evaluated three forces (lifting, pushing and twisting) required to maneuver the single-wheel barrows according to handle height, width, horizontal angle and vertical angle. The four independent variables were varied in two levels. Handle height was varies in two levels : 'knuckle height (KH)' and 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature'. The two handle widths were '1.5 ${\times}$ shoulder width (SW)' and '1.75 ${\times}$ SW'. Two angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ were used for horizontal and vertical angles. The 24 factorial design was used in the experiment. Twelve healthy male students (undergraduate and graduate) participated in the experiment. Subjects exerted three forces (pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise) in each experimental condition. The order of 16 treatment conditions was determined randomly. Results showed that the effects of the four factors were different according to three forces. While lifting and twisting forces were higher in 'knuckle height', the pushing force was higher in 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature' (p < 0.05). Lifting and pushing forces showed higher values in the horizontal angle $0^{\circ}$ than in $15^{\circ}$. Handle width and vertical angle showed no statistically significant main effects on three forces (p > 0.05). Results of this study could be used as basic data for the ergonomic design of handle variables of one- or two-wheel barrows.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 휴머노이드를 이용한 로봇 축구 시스템을 새롭게 제안하며, 다수의 인간형 로봇을 제어하는 방법과 축구 경기를 하기 위한 전략 알고리즘 등에 대해 기술하였다. 로봇의 위치와 방향을 파악하기 위해서 로봇의 위쪽 어깨 부분에 각각의 로봇을 구분할 수 있는 칼라 태그를 부착하였고, 빠른 위치와 방향 인식을 위해 전용의 PC를 통해 영상인식을 수행하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 휴머노이드 로봇 축구 시스템은 기존의 바퀴 구동형 축구 로봇을 한 단계 발전시킨 것으로, 앞으로 많은 연구를 통하여, 인간처럼 자율 이동이 가능한 로봇 축구 경기가 가능하리라 본다.