• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly referred to as acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as the sudden impairment of kidney function (estimated from the glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) that results in the lack of excretion of waste products. More than 30 definitions of AKI exist in the literature, most of which are based on serum creatinine. Lack of a uniform and multidimensional AKI definition has led to failure to recognize significant renal injury, delays in treatment, and inability to generalize single-study results. The RIFLE criteria were developed to standardize the diagnosis of ARF and in the process the term AKI has been proposed to encompass the entire spectrum of the syndrome from minor changes in renal function to requirement for renal replacement therapy. Large prospective studies are needed to test definitions and to better understand risk factors, incidence, independent outcomes, and mechanisms that lead to poor short- and long-term outcomes. Early biomarkers of AKI need to be explored in critically ill neonates.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2008

Clinical trials in neonates of different gestational age, birth weight, postnatal age and general health status are needed to assure safe and optimal evidence-based-therapy to this special population. Pharmacodynamic maturation must be considered in grouping the neonates for clinical trials. Informed consent from the parents, protection of the neonates participating in the clinical trials, adherence to good clinical practice guidelines, and designation of short term and long term outcomes must be taken into consideration from the beginning of the trials. Collaboration between centers will be helpful in overcoming the problem with small patient size. Many of these challenges are surmountable and an well-designed clinical trial will improve the mortality and morbidity in these very small children.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2020

Spinal pain is a common patient complaint in clinical practice. Conservative treatment methods include oral medication, physical therapy, injections, and spinal orthoses. The clinical application of orthoses is debated because of potential complications associated with long-term use, such as muscle weakness and joint contracture. We reviewed the orthoses most frequently used to manage spinal pain. We review the use of soft cervical and Philadelphia collars, lumbosacral corsets, and thoracolumbosacral orthosis to manage spinal pain. Spinal orthoses can help reduce pain by protecting the muscles and joints of the injured spinal region, preventing or correcting malformations, and limiting trunk flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. The short-term use of spinal orthoses is known to improve pain and disability during the treatment period without significant adverse effects. Spinal orthoses are expected to alleviate pain and improve patients' lifestyle.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.245-251
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• 2018

Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Korea and the fifth most common cancer globally. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered the main etiologic agent for gastric cancer development. Most regional guidelines for H. pylori treatment recommend treating the organism to prevent gastric cancer in the high-risk group. However, evidence that such a strategy can also be applied to the general population, especially in terms of the preventive effect and safety, has not been adequately presented yet. Although a meta-analysis in the general population suggested effectiveness in decreasing gastric cancer incidence, individual studies should be critically reviewed to evaluate the soundness of the evidence. Recently published, long-term, Korean studies on metachronous gastric cancer prevention ended the controversies from previous short-term studies and confirmed the effectiveness. Currently, further prospective, large, randomized studies are ongoing in the general population and will provide more definitive, high-level evidence on this gastric cancer prevention strategy in the next decade.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short-term group multimodal intervention program that mixes physical activity, cognitive motion, and social interaction, on the cognitive function and depression level of healthy over 75-year-old individuals. Method: This study used a one group pre-test-post-test design, and intervention was made for 70 minutes per session, once a week, for four sessions in total. To compare changes in cognitive function, depression level and physical function before and after intervention, this study used the Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Result: After applying group multimodal interventions to healthy over 75-year-old individuals, there was a statistically significant improvement in their cognitive function (p < 0.01), and there was a statistically significant decrease in their depression level (p < 0.05). Also, there was an increase in the rating score of the degree of balance from $46.83{\pm}9.11$ points before the intervention, to $48.08{\pm}7.00$ points after the intervention; however, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Short-term group multimodal intervention that mixes physical activity, cognitive motion, and social interaction had a significant effect on slowing down the deterioration of cognitive function in healthy over 75 year-old individuals, and decreased their depression level. This study is significant in that it presents a foundation for providing more systematic intervention for the prevention of dementia and depression in the healthy older individuals. Follow-up studies should verify the result through research on the effects of an occupational therapist's professional treatment, and experimental group-control research.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Purpose: Many surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial area can induce trauma to the peripheral nerve. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of short-term steroid therapy on nerve recovery after crush injury. Methods: Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups. The right sciatic nerves were exposed, crushed, and sutured. The control group was not given steroids. The test group was injected with dexamethasone disodium phosphate (2 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. In all animals, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded before and at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results: The amplitude of the CMAP before and at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury were $53.20{\pm}4.80$ mV, $20.12{\pm}5.38$ mV, $30.01{\pm}14.15$ mV, $31.14{\pm}13.56$ mV, $31.73{\pm}16.33$ mV, and $37.23{\pm}16.98$ mV in the control group, and $55.25{\pm}6.72$ mV, $18.62{\pm}6.26$ mV, $29.50{\pm}13.06$ mV, $32.90{\pm}13.226$ mV, $30.17{\pm}11.80$ mV, and $38.41{\pm}12.27$ mV in the test group, respectively. The nerve conduction velocity was $18.82{\pm}3.94$ m/s, $16.73{\pm}3.48$ m/s, $19.60{\pm}2.45$ m/s, $18.68{\pm}3.94$ m/s, $18.02{\pm}3.51$ m/s, and $19.25{\pm}3.88$ m/s in the control group, and $18.94{\pm}3.48$ m/s, $17.28{\pm}2.53$ m/s, $7.57{\pm}2.54$ m/s, $18.77{\pm}2.12$ m/s, $19.48{\pm}1.55$ m/s, and $19.22{\pm}2.97$ m/s in the test group, respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study did not show any therapeutic effect of short-term administration of steroids on injured rat sciatic nerve. Further studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2001

High serum cholesterol level is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease(CHD). Nutrition therapy of hypocholesterolemic diets with increased physical activity is the essential step in the treatment of the hypercholesterolemic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of intensive dietary therapy combined with regular exercise in lowering serum cholesterol level. Seventy three hypercholesterolemic outpatients(mean: 268.0$\pm$24.7mg/dL), aged 34 to 73(mean: 56$\pm$9.8yrs), who visited cardiology OPD of Yonsei Cardiovascular Center from April through October, 1998 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, usual nutrient intake survey using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and daily nutrient intake analysis were performed. The nutrition counseling for the hypocholesterolemic diet and exercise therapy was performed individually. After a 4 week intensive dietary therapy, comparisons of body weight, nutrient intakes, and blood lipid concentrations were evaluated for the hypocholesterolemic effect of intensive diet therapy. After 4 weeks of intensive diet therapy, significant reductions in percent ideal body weight(p<0.01), saturated fat intake(p<0.01), and cholesterol intake(p<0.01) were observed. There were significant reductions in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels after 4 weeks of therapy by 8.1%(p<0.01) and 9.7%(p<0.01), respectively. Our results showed that intensive dietary therapy was effective in reductions of serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The goal for this dietary modification should not be temporary but rather be permanent in eating behavior accompanied by appropriately increased physical activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to explore self-perceived objectives, effects, determinant factors of satisfaction and demands on home-based rehabilitation service (HBRS) based on a community-based rehabilitation (CBR) model in community-dwelling disabilities. Methods: This research was conducted through in-depth interview. HBRS was conducted by four physical therapists for one hour a day, once a week, for eight weeks. After an eight-week intervention period, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire for five recipients of HBRS and six care givers. Results: For the physical effect, some participants experienced positive effects, whereas others did not due to the short-term intervention period. For the social and emotional effects, 'occurrence of motivation for exercise', 'change of surroundings' and 'sorriness for the therapist' emerged as keywords. For the determinant factors of satisfaction, 'movement-inducing therapy', 'therapy from the specialist', 'development of friendship & social network', and 'learning the way of self-rehabilitation' emerged as keywords. For further demands on HBRS, participants stated that 'sufficient time for therapy', 'user opinion-reflected therapy', 'additional instructions for therapeutic exercise & activities of daily living', and 'active promotion for HBRS' were necessary. Conclusion: Participants were satisfied with the physical, social, emotional, and educational aspects of HBRS. In particular, the participants regarded educational aspects as the significant factor throughout self-perceived objectives, determinant factors of satisfaction and the demands. This result suggests that when providing HBRS to community-dwelling persons with disabilities, therapists should recognize the necessity and significance not only of the physical, but also the educational aspect of HBRS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Therapies have been reported to treat the glottal gap previously. However, these voice therapies showed the limits because many techniques focused only on one among breathing, resonance and phonation. In addition patients often have difficulties visiting hospital frequently. 'Gliding and humming' is vocal training technique that readjusts total vocal patterns such as breathing, resonance and phonation. This technique can be easily applied during short term sessions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of voice therapy with 'gliding and humming' for patients with glottic gap during short-term treatment sessions. Materials and Method Twenty-three patients with glottal gap were selected. Of all patients, 14 patients had sulcus vocalis and 12 patients had muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). Voice therapies were performed 1.9 sessions in average. GRBAS, jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio, semitone range, closed quotient_vowel and maximum phonation time were compared before and after the therapies. In addition, changes of glottal gap and MTD severity were evaluated. Results Statistically significant improvement was observed. MTD improvement was observed only among the patients with glottal gap improvement. Also sulcus vocalis group showed the statistically significant improvement. Conclusion 'Gliding and humming' was effective to the patients with glottic gap and sulcus vocalis. Also, among patients who have both glottic gap and MTD, the data suggests that voice therapy for glottic gap also makes improvement in MTD.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Community-based group exercise programs for people with chronic stroke are relatively uncommon in Korea. In addition, it is currently not known whether a community-based group exercise program is effective or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an 8 week community-based functional exercise program for its effects on balance performance and occupational performance in persons with chronic stroke. Twenty-five community-dwelling individuals with stroke participated in this program. Outcome of the program was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The functional exercise program lasted for eight weeks, with a 1-hour program twice per week and it consisted of mobility, stability, balance, functional strength, and gait training. The subjects were trained by one physical therapist but were under one-to-one supervision from students. The data of sixteen individuals who scored more than 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were analyzed. There was a significant effect both in terms of the COPM Performance Score & the Satisfaction Score (p=.002) and with the Berg Balance Score (p=.001). It was found that a short-term community-based exercise program could improve both performance of activities and balance. Further, all subjects reported that they were satisfied with this program.