• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3103-3103
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• 2001

NIR has been extensively used to predict directly measurable properties of materials that are important to the appropriate industries. Commonly, NIR is used to perform fast, routine tests to improve control response as against the response time for the (normally chemical) base test. This paper discusses the use of NIR to measure indirect properties of materials. In these cases, the pure chemical or physical tests are either unable measure the appropriate parameters (eg GMO modification) or there are mitigating effects that are not properly addressed by the base tests. In particular, we looked at the digestible portion of amino acids within meat and bone meal. This is the desired response measurement by end-users of the product (intensive livestock producers) but is currently unable to be offered as a measurement by producers. The base test method is by controlled feeding trials. These are somewhat cumbersome, taking 2-3 months, involving several sets of animals, and considerable expense. A shortened test (feed trial based) would be of little use, as the precision blows out over short period feeding trials. For example, a rat ileal digestibility test requires around 2 months, and costs some $USD1000. This is clearly impractical test for a producer involved in continuous production, with a 1-2 day turn around. While the amino acid abundance is accessible chemically, the uptake of amino acids into usable material by mammalian species is not simply related to the measured abundance within the material. There are many co-related material properties that might help or hinder uptake, some chemical based (eg protein damage), some indirect (eg palatability), some physiological (intestinal tract response vs speed of throughput). We discuss the approaches taken to provide a suitable reference data set, and present the derived prediction and validation relationships.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2009

This study sought to determine changes in self-selected diets in response to a high energy tomato pasta entree. Thirty men, mostly African-American, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer and also scheduled for prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Dietary intakes were obtained by 24 hr diet recall for 3 days before the intervention and 3 days in week 2 during the intervention. Tomato pasta entrees were formulated to contain 30 mg of lycopene with roughly the same macronutrient composition and averaged 771 kcal/entree. Mean adherence to lycopene dose was 82% and, days when the entree was consumed, the mean adherence to lycopen was 90%. Lycopene intake in their self-selected diet decreased from 5 to 1 mg/day which lowered the exposure to lycopene, planned during the intervention. The men were able to decompensate for most of the added energy to their diet, but there was still a mean increase in total intake of 242 kcal/day (p=0.04), which did not result in weight gain over the short period of the study. There were no significant changes in the percent of energy from protein, fat or carbohydrates, but dietary cholesterol increased from 341 to 472 mg/day (p=0.0002). Mean intakes of vitamins A and C, and folate were not significantly different and were above the EAR. Vitamin E intake decreased, but, because of the variance in intake, the decrease was not statistically significant. Possible deterioration of diet quality should be a consideration when recommending whole food interventions for the prevention of chronic disease or the amelioration of physiological dysfunction.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1980

광지역성 품종의 육종소재인 일장둔감형 품종의 선발 가능성과 이에 관한 기초자료를 얻고저 국내외 주요 대두 55품종에 단일처리를 하여 개화 및 몇가지 주요 형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화일수는 단일에 의해 감소하는 경향이었으며 단축정도는 만생종에서 컸고 조생종에서 작았다. 2. 전 공시품종을 개화촉진 정도에 의해 일장감응성 정도를 고, 중 저로 유별하여 보면 다음과 같다. 1) 일장감응성이 낮은 품종군 : 성안, Gembokin, Harosoy, Wayne, Wirth, Elton 및 Pi-54613 2) 일장감응성이 중정도인 품종군 : 수도 47호, 수원 5001, 수원 6001, 수원 8002, 수원 8003, 수원 8006, 수원 9003, 봉의, 충북황 001, 익산, 광묘, 광교, 서천백묘 및 만주대, SS-74185(이상 15품종은 국내종), Akita, Chogyemyungtae, Fusimusume, Norm 2, Kirin 5, Kokamedaizu, 육우 003, 동산 6001, 동산 69호, 동산 7003, Yougoro, Karasumame 및 은대묘(이상 13품종은 일본종), H-25, Williams, Ao - 7445, Rolsoy, Roe, Kobuleko, Norredo, Manchuria, Shih-Shih, Viking, Columbus, Pi-31408, Pi-68552 및 Pi-15243(이상 14품종은 미국 및 기타종) 3) 일장감응성이 높은 품종군 :수원 7003, 수원 80호, 수원 8005, 강림, 백천 및 Hill 3. 전 공시품종율 Gembokin, Wayne, Wirth 및 Pi-54613은 개화반응에 일장의 영향을 전혀받지 않는 일장둔감형 품종이였다. 4. 기장, 기직경, 절수, 분지수, 1주래수 및 1주입수 등은 단일에서 감소하고 장일에서 증가하는 경향이었다. 그러나 Gembokin, Wayne, Wirth 및 Pi-54613과 같은 일장둔감형 품종은 일장에 의한 형태적 특성의 변이도 비교적 적었다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-178
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• 2016

본 논문은 실시간으로 측정되는 자동원격검침(AMR) 전력수요량을 사용하여 산업별 전력수요의 기온효과에 대한 특성과 패턴을 분석하였다. AMR 전력사용량의 시계열적 특징으로부터 장기 추세효과와 중기 기온효과 그리고 단기 특수일 효과로 구성되는 공적분 모형을 구축하고, 기온효과를 연속적인 기온반응함수를 통하여 분석하기 위하여 기온반응함수를 푸리에 플렉서블 폼(Fourier Flexible Form; FFF) 비선형 함수로 추정하였다. 추정 결과 도출된 기온반응함수와 기온효과를 통하여 기온효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 서비스업군과 기온효과가 미약하게 나타나는 제조업군으로 구분하였다. 그리고 기온효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 서비스업군을 기온반응함수의 추정치에 근거하여 여름피크 산업과 겨울피크 산업으로 구분하였다. 이러한 실증분석 결과는 산업별, 계절별 전력수요관리정책 수립에 정책적 기초를 제공한다. 또한 실시간으로 측정되는 AMR 전력수요량 분석이라는 점에서 시차의 발생없이 신속하게 전력수요관리에 반영될 수 있다는 의미가 있다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

Due to global climate change, Korea is experiencing flooding and drought severely. It is hard to manage water resources because intensive precipitation during short periods and drought are commonly occurred in Korea, recently. Severe drought occurred in 2015 and 2017 in the islands, and coastal and inland areas in Korea, and the citizens experienced decreased water supply and emergency water service by using bottled water. Therefore, the Korean government provided additional governmental funds such as the grant of drought disaster. In this study, we tried to calculate the cost of water for drought response based on the cost of tap water for the regional local governments in Korea and the grant of drought disaster by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety in Korea, etc. The estimated costs of water for drought responses in coastal and inland areas which have a chance to apply alternative water sources such as brackish or seawater desalination and water reuse in Korea were higher than in other areas in Korea. Additionally, as the novel approach of drought response, the 300 ㎥/day-scale desalination vessel was suggested to provide desalinated water for the islands in Korea. The estimated expenses of water supply for the target island areas (Sinan-gun and Jindo-gun) by the desalination vessel was lower than those by emergency water service by using bottled water.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-338
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• 1994

연구배경: Sulfur dioxide($SO_2$)폭로가 기도에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있으나, 폐실질에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 산업화된 환경에서 흔히 발견되는 농도의 아황산가스의 단기간폭로가 흰쥐의 폐실질에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고, 아황산가스의 폭로기간과 폐의 염증반응 정도와의 연관 관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 48마리의 흰쥐를 대조군(10마리), 30분 폭로군(9마리), 60분 폭로군(11 마리), 120분 폭로군(18마리)으로 나누어 폭로군에는 5ppm의 $SO_2$가스를 정해진 시간동안 폭로 시켰다. 각 군을 4개의 부분군으로 나누어 폭로직후, 폭로 1일후, 폭로 2일 후, 폭로 3일 후에 기관지 폐포세척술을 시행하였다. 조직학적 검사는 대조군과 120분 폭로군에서 시행하였다. 결과: 1) 기관지 폐포 세척액의 세포반응: 30분 폭로군과 60분폭로군에서 폭로 직후에는 대조군과 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 폭로 24시간 후는 대조군에 비해 임파구는 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), 폭로 48시간 이후는 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이는 없었다. 120분 폭로군에서는 폭로직후에는 대조군과 유의한 차이는 없었고, 폭로 24시간후와 폭로 48시간후에는 총 세포수와 대식세포수, 임파구수가 모두 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 72시간후에는 대조군과 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) 120분 폭로군에서 조직학적 소견: 기도(기관과 기관지, 세기관지)에는 경도의 상피세포의 손상과 섬모의 소실이 관찰되었으며 염증세포의 침윤은 관찰되지 않았다. 폐포 간질에는 염증세포의 침윤이 폭로 1일 후부터 관찰되어 3일까지 지속되었으며, 페부종이나 섬유화등의 간질성 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 실내 작업환경에서 단기간 동안 폭로될 수 있는, 비교적 안전한 것으로 알려진 농도의 $SO_2$가스의 폭로가 흰쥐의 기도에 손상을 가져올 뿐만 아니라 폐실질에도 염증반응을 유발한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 폐실질의 손상이 지속되는 기간은 폭로기간에 의존한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

초장은 절화국의 외적 품질을 결정하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 실험은 단일처리 후 광량의 차이에 따른 절화국화 광합성 효율과 줄기 신장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 growth chamber내에서 수행되었다. 정식 7일 후 단일처리 (day/night, 11/13h)를 개시하였으며 이때 광량은 LEDs array (blue+red)를 이용하여 60, 100, 140, 그리고 $180mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 각각 유지하였다. 본 실험의 결과, 광도의 증가에 따른 순 광합성률은 꾸준히 증가하는 직선 회귀의 상관관계가 있었다. 광도의 차이가 꽃눈 분화의 시기에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 초장, 엽면적, 그리고 건물중 등의 생육은 광도의 증가에 따라 증가 하였으나 140과 $180mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서는 처리 간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 LEDs array를 이용한 $140mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$이상의 광도는 절화국의 줄기 신장에 효과가 없는 것으로 판단되었으며 광도의 증가에 따른 순 광합성률의 증가가 생육의 증가와 일치하지는 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2024

Background: Data on perioperative outcomes of emergent versus elective resection in esophageal cancer patients requiring esophagectomy are lacking. We investigated whether emergent resection was associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data on patients with esophageal malignancy who underwent esophagectomy from 2005 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Thirty-day complication and mortality rates were compared between emergent esophagectomy (EE) and non-emergent esophagectomy. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with complications and mortality. Results: Of 10,067 patients with malignancy who underwent esophagectomy, 181 (1.8%) had EE, 64% had preoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, or septic shock, and 44% had bleeding requiring transfusion. The EE group had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class and functional dependency. More transhiatal esophagectomies and diversions were performed in the EE group. After EE, the rates of 30-day mortality (6.1% vs. 2.8%), overall complications (65.2% vs. 44.2%), bleeding, pneumonia, prolonged intubation, and positive margin (17.7% vs. 7.4%) were higher, while that of anastomotic leak was similar. On adjusted logistic regression, older age, lower albumin, higher ASA class, and fragility were associated with increased complications and mortality. McKeown esophagectomy and esophageal diversion were associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications. EE was associated with 30-day postoperative complications (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-3.43; p<0.0001). Conclusion: EE was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in complications compared to elective procedures, but no independent increase in short-term mortality. These findings may help guide data-driven critical decision-making for surgery in select cases of complicated esophageal malignancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6275-6281
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• 2014

Nasal-type extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) is a highly invasive cancer with a poor prognosis. More effective and safer treatment regimens for ENKL are needed. Pegaspargase (PEG-Asp) has a similar mechanism of action to L-asparaginase (L-Asp), but presents lower antigenicity. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the safety profile and the latent efficacy of a PEG-Asp-based treatment regimen in patients with ENKL. Data collected from 20 patients with histologically confirmed ENKL, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2009 to August 2013, were included in the study. All patients received $2500IU/m^2$/IM PEG-Asp on day 1 of every 21-day treatment cycle. Patients received combination chemotherapy with CHOP (n=5), EPOCH (n=7), GEMOX (n=7) or CHOP with bleomycin (n=1). After 2-5 treatment cycles (median, 4 cycles) of PEG-Asp-based chemotherapy, five patients (25%) showed a complete response (CR), and the overall response rate (ORR) was 60%. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in fourteen patients (70%). Grade 3 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was observed in two. Grade 1-2 non-hematological toxicity consisted of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) elongation (n=9), hypofibrinogenemia (n=6), hypoproteinemia (n=17), hyperglycemia (n=3), and nausea (n=6). No allergic reactions were detected. No treatment related death was reported. Our results suggested that PEG-Asp-based chemotherapy presented an acceptable tolerance and a potential short-term outcome in patients with nasal-type ENKL.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.472-474
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• 2002

Till date the phenomenon of maternal transfer of photic information was reported to regulate the fetal/neonatal growth, however its influence on neonatal immune system is still an enigma. In the present study, we observed an increase in maternal plasma melatonin level under short day length (SOL) condition with a consequent decrease in TLC and LC in their respective neonates. However, a significant decrease in maternal plasma melatonin level was noted under constant darkness (DD) with an increase in TLC and LC of their neonates. The blastogenic response (BGR) to Con A of splenocytes exhibited a significant increase in neonates of SDL females and a significant decrease in the neonates of DD females. Hence, it appears that the increase in maternal plasma melatonin under SOL condition transmitted information to decrease the immune status. Continuous exposure of females to darkness (DD) negatively regulated the maternal pineal gland activity thereby decreasing their plasma melatonin level. This information was transmitted for elevation of immune status in neonates, so that they exhibit better growth and sexual maturation. Therefore, we may suggest that the maternal photic information transmitted either prenatally through placenta or postnatally via the milk regulate the hormonal profile of Melatonin to regulate the immune status of neonates in order to influence their growth and sexual maturation.