• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

This investigation is performed to prepare reducing method drained floating debris from the river This paper is present an investigation result of the marine debris characteristics that drained from korea 4 big river(han river, kum river, youngsan river, nakdong river) during July and August. A mount of floating debris different with rainfall. Short heavy rain like as 150mm/day floating debris drained lower, almost floating debris drained when a flooding cause by continuance heavy rain. Floating debris draining is not continuance, but concentrated on a flooding. All debris is do not drained ocean, a lot of debris accumulated riverside. Floating debris is drained with plant and configuration is similar with other river. But, the component ratio is different, so that, to Prepare removing method for floating debris consider that effect of plant debris.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2006

In vitro-grown axillary buds of Melia aredarach were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. On the MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/L, multiple shoots were developed within $4{\sim}5$ weeks. Plantlets of Melia azedarach were cold-hardened at $10^{\circ}C$ for a 16-hr photo-period for 6 weeks. Excised axillary shoot-tips from hardened plantlets were precultured on a solidified Murashige & Skoog agar medium (MS) supplemented with 0.7 M sucrose for 1 day at $25^{\circ}C$. Axillary shoot-tip meristems wert dehydrated using a highly concentrated vitrification solution (PVS2) for 60 min at $0^{\circ}C$ prior to a direct plunge into liquid nitrogen (LN). The PVS2 vitrification solution consisted of 30% glycerol (w/v), 15% ethylene glycol (w/v), 15% DMSO (w/v) in MS medium containing 0.4M sucrose. After short-term warming in a water bath at $40^{\circ}C$, the meristems were transferred into 2 ml of MS medium containing 1.2M sucrose for 15 min and then planted on solidified MS culture medium. Successfully vitrified and warmed meristems resumed growth within 2 weeks and directly developed shoots without intermediary callus formation. The survival rate of cold-hardened plantlets for 3 and 4 weeks was 90%. We did not find any difference in PCR-band patterns between control and cryopreserved plants. This method appears to be a promising technique for cryopreserving axillary shoot-tips from in vitro-grown plantlets of Medicinal plants.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2010

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Snow Bowl' was released by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science(NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2008. The cross was made in 2005 between '03B1-230', breeding lines of NIHHS and 'Sei-Alps'. Trials were conducted from 2006 to 2008 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shading cultures in summer and retarding cultures in spring. The natural flowering time of 'Snow Bowl' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. It has single type flowers with white petals. The growth of plant is very vigorous and it is resistant to white rust. The diameter of flower is 6.3cm. Number of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 12 and 31, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 59 and its vase life is 24.1 days in autumn season. 'Snow Bowl' was applied as No. 2009-179 on February 18, 2009 for variety protection and the plant variety protection rights have been registered as No. 3239 on August 3, 2010 at the Korea Seed and Variety Service.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to understand the environmental factors affecting growth and tuber formation such as temperature, day length, tight intensity, water condition and cutting time of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi. Plant height, shoot number and dry weight of E. kuroguwai were higher at high temperature, 25/$25^{\circ}C$ (day/night), while nitrogen content was higher at low temperature, 20/$15^{\circ}C$. Plant height was more affected by water temperature, while shoot number and dry weight were more affected by air temperature. Contents and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in top parts of E. kuroguwai were higher under greater difference between air and water temperatures, i.e., 18/$28^{\circ}C$ and 28/$18^{\circ}C$. The number and weight of tubers were increased under greater difference between air and water temperatures, i.e, 18/$28^{\circ}C$ and 28/$18^{\circ}C$, while they were inhibited at low or high air/water temperatures (18/$18^{\circ}C$ or 28/$28^{\circ}C$). Tubers of E. kuroguwai were formed at 8-or 12-hour day length, however, no tuber was formed at l6-hour day length. Photoinductive period for tuber initiation of E. kuroguwai was between 30 and 45 days after emergence, and the induction period of short-day treatment was less than 10 days. Tuber number and weight were reduced by shading due to inhibition of the growth of top and underground parts. Number of days from planting to tuber initiation was shortned as planting time was delayed and plant height, dry weight, and tuber number were also reduced by delayed planting. Tuber number at l0 to 15cm water depth was decreased 63 to 75% as compared with 1 to 5cm water depth. Tuber number and dry weight were not affected by the size of tubers at planting. Due to the reduced growth of top and underground parts, tuber number and dry weight of E. kuroguwai were decreased by delayed shoot cutting. The critical cutting time to inhibit the growth of E. kuroguwai was about 70 days after emergence.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.17
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• pp.79-114
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• 1974

Experiments were conducted to clarify the variations of the ecological characteristics under different day-length and temperature conditions inperilla varieties from 1972 to 1973 in the experimental fields of Crop Experiment Station, O.R.D, Suwon. Thirty-six varieties were tested in the field in 1972 under 6 growing seasons differing seeding dates. from April 5th to June 20th with 15-day interval between each seeding. Pot-experiment also were conducted in 1972 and 1973. The seeds of the 6 varieties tested were sown on May 25th. In this pot-experiment natural condition was regarded as a short-day treatment and 100-W incandescent lamps were used for long-day treatment. Three selected varieties were grown under different. temperature treatments in phytotron in Crop Experiment Station. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Most varieties tested flowered around September 6. The days required to flower were shortened gradually as the planting time was delayed. 2. The varieties used were matured around October 6, but the maturity was shortened when planted early. The days required for maturity after flowering was 26 to 30. 3. The growing period was also shortened gradually when planting time was delayed. 4. Plant height was reduced when planting time was delayed. 5. There were little differences in number of valid branches among planting time I, II and III, while the branch number was reduced as the planting time was delayed. 6. The dry matter weight was gradually increased from planting time I to III, while it was rapidly decreased after planting time IV. 7. It was found that the flowering of perilla was little affected by temperature. The varieties, however, were more sensitive to day-length. 8. No clear tendency was found in the plant height, number of valid branches and dry matter weight by the time and period of day-length and temperature treatments. 9. The highest yield was obtained at planting time III(May 5th) and the yield was decreased at either earlier or later planting. 10. 1, 000 grain weight appeared to be heavier as the planting time was delayed. 11. The number of flower cluster was largest at planting time III (May 5th) and it was decreased as planting time was earlier or later than III. 12. The oil content was also highest at planting time III (May 5th). 13. Days to flowering, days to maturity and total growing period and flowering period did not affect the yield much. 14. The number of valid branches, flower clusters, 1, 000-grain weight and dry matter weight were positively correlated with yield. The relationship between these characters and yield were variable depending upon the planting time.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution during short day treatment in an ebb and flow systems on the growth and nutrient uptake of potted Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Rako' and the nutrient accumulation of growing medium. Nutrient concentrations in the growing medium were also analyzed to investigate the accumulation rates of macro-nutrients such as T-N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. To achieve the objectives, plants were fed with a nutrient solution with 1.2, 1.8, or $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ under three daily photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 4.26, 5.51, or $9.75mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. Both light intensity and EC of nutrient solution significantly influenced the crop growth. The elevation of PPFs resulted in the increase of plant growth. For each light condition, plant growth, such as dry and fresh weight and leaf area, was the highest when the electrical conductivity of nutrient solution was controlled to $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, growth was acceptable in the EC ranges from 1.8 to $2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Both light intensity and EC of nutrient solution significantly influenced the uptake of nutrients in the solution tanks and the accumulation of nutrients in the growing medium. As the EC of nutrient solution was elevated, the absorption rates of $NO_3^-$, $PO_4^{-3}$, $K^+$, and $Mg^{2+}$ by crops and accumulation of those in growing medium increased, but the light intensity did not significantly influence the absorption rates. Based on the above results, the regression models were suggested for anticipating the macro-nutrient accumulations in growing medium.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2015

'Seeberry' is a short-day $F_1$ hybrid strawberry for seed propagation, that was released by the Protected Horticulture Experiment Station (RDA, Republic of Korea) in 2013. Inbred lines derived from domestic germplasms and selected varieties were used to develop this cultivar. 'Seeberry' originated from a cross of two inbred lines: a male parent 'Wongyo 3115' with high firmness and a female parent 'Wongyo 3116' with excellent fruit shape and high yield. 'Seeberry' cultivar should be grown with a crown diameter of over 10 mm to reveal its unique characteristics. 'Seeberry' has an upright plant shape with elliptic leaves, 12-15 flowers per cluster, vigorless growth habit, and average flower bud differentiation compared to vegetatively propagated cultivars. Fruits of 'Seeberry' are conical, having light skin color and approximately 15-16 g in average weight. Yield of this cultivar is about 92% lower than that of 'Akihime', but 'Seeberry' has excellent taste, sugar content of $9.7^{\circ}Bx$, acidity of 0.6%, and good texture. With regard to disease and pest resistance, 'Seeberry' is sensitive to powdery mildew, aphids, and the two-spotted spider mite, and is resistant to anthracnose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1970

It is one of the important subjects in fall crop production of potatoes in korea to find the proper direct planting method as a substitute for transplanting method by sprouting inducement at seed-bed. From this point the author has undertaken this experiments to examine the effects of several handling methods of seed tuber pieces at planting on sprouting of fall grown potatoes at Ansung Agricultural College from August to september in 1969. The results of experiments induced sprouting with Gibberellin treatment using the variety Irish Cobbler were as follows; 1. Sun light exposure treatment to cut surface of potato seed pieces resulted in rotting of seed pieces and delay of sprouting and bud growth. Exposure more than three hours induced severe rotting(more than fifty percent) of seed pieces (Table I). 2. When soil moisture are abundant and the duration of sun light. exposure is short, even direct planting method of treated seed pieces with Gibberellin resulted in good potato stands (Table 2). 3. The direct planting method, as the rotting of seed pieces are avoidable are applicable in fall crop production of potatoes us a substitute for transplanting method because the sprouting and bud growth are promoted more in case of direct planting than transplanting (Table 3). 4. When the humidity in the bottle was low no healing effects was found by holding the seed pieces in large closed bottle under the trees for three days before planting (Table 2). 5. If duration of sunlight exposure is short, no difference of potato stands between clear day planting and cloudy day plant ing (Table 3). 6. As long as soil moisture deficiency. was not induced the irrigation at planting shows no effects to protect the seed piece rotting after planting (Table 3).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.591-594
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• 2011

A new poinsettia(Euphorbia pulcherrima. Willd. ex Klotzch) cultivar 'Red Stone' was bred by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2009. In 2006, a cross was made between 'Freedom Rose', a cultivar with vigorous growth and deep pink bracts, and 'Enduring Pink', a cultivar with pink bracts early colored. 'Red Stone' was finally selected in 2009 after the investigation of the growth and flowering characteristics from 2007 to 2009. 'Red Stone' has red elliptic bracts and strong rugosities between bract veins. Leaf blade is ovate and very dark green. Stem color is reddish and petiole length is medium but relatively longer than that of 'Pepride Red', control cultivar. 'Red Stone' develops as many as 3.8 branches and which is more than double of 'Pepride Red'. Its bracts and transitional leaves are fully colored at 7.5 weeks after short-day commencement. Plant variety protection right of 'Red Stone' was registered in April 2011, and its grant number is 3487.