• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.85-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of individual board game program (IBGP) on cognitive function and depression level in 7 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment(MCI). We used the mini-mental state examination korean version (MMSE-K), montreal cognitive assessment korean version (MoCA-K), and korean form of geriatric depression scale(KGDS). The results showed significant differences in MMSE-K before, after, and follow-up(p<0.05), and there were differences of orientation for time, place, and object and attention in before, after, and follow-up(p<0.05). MoCA-K showed differences in before, after, and follow-up assessments(p<0.01), and showed differences in visual construction skill, orientation, and short-term memory(p<0.05). Finally, there was a difference in depression level before, after, and follow-up of KGDS(p<0.01). Therefore, IBGP for the elderly can help improve the cognitive function, and based on this, it is expected that an advanced IBGP will be applied to improve orientation for time and place in the elderly.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was investigate the relationships among perceived social support, instrumental support needs, and depression of healthy, community dwelling elderly women. Method: This study was designed to examine whether the perceived social support and instrumental support were correlated with depression in elderly women. Data were cross-sectional and community-dwelling elderly individuals. The subject was 98 elderly women recruited from Elderly Welfare Center and Community center for Elderly. The instruments for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire-part II, Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), and Instrumental Support Activities Checklist. Data were gathered by means of structured personal interviews. The internal consistency of the instruments was relatively good. Result: The participants' perceived social support was moderately high and instrumental support needs was low. Depression was mild and moderate relatively. The correlation analysis showed that the perceived social support was negatively related to depression and negatively related with instrumental support needs. Conclusion: The findings suggested that more perceived social support, less their depressive symptom in elderly women. It also revealed that the age, marital status, and socioeconomic status of elderly women also are important indicator of the elderly depression. Therefore nursing assessment and the design of intervention that incorporate the determinants supported in this study, such as perceived social support of the elderly women are needed in adopting and maintain health promoting lifestyle for the mental health and effective functioning in later life in women.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

Objectives More than half of the elders suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. Moreover, sleep disturbances are more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than in community dwelling elderly. In this study, we aim to estimate the risk factors of poor sleep quality and its effect on quality of life in patients with late life depression. Methods This study included 159 depressive patients aged 65 years or older who completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A global PSQI score of 5 or greater indicates a poor sleeper. Structural diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Depression was evaluated by the Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Global cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease assessment packet. Quality of life was evaluated by the Korean version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Results The frequencies of poor sleepers were 90.5% in major depressive disorder, 71.8% in minor depressive disorder, 47.1% in subsyndromal depressive disorder, and 73.0% in all types of depressive disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female [odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-6.67] and higher KGDS score (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05-1.21) were risk factors of poor sleep quality in patients with late life depression. In the analysis of ANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education and KGDS score, the mean scores of vitality mental health and mental component summary of SF-36 were lower in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Conclusions Poor sleepers among patients with late life depression are very common and are associated with female and higher KGDS scores. Poor sleep quality causes a significant negative effect on mental health quality. So researchers and clinicians should be more vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with late life depression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of EFT-I(EFT program for insomnia) for insomnia in the elderly as a preliminary study. Methods : This study was a single group pre-post comparative study that involved 10 elderly women(mean age=$76.3{\pm}4.29$), who visited a senior welfare center, complained of insomnia symptoms. Subjects received 8 sessions(twice a week for 4 weeks and 1 hour for each session) of EFT-I group training. Insomnia severity, depression, state-anxiety, and life satisfaction of each subject were evaluated twice at pre and post of EFT-I. Korean Sleep Scale, Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and life satisfaction scale were used as evaluation tools. The data were analyzed using paired-samples T-test. Results : Insomnia severity, life satisfaction, depression, and state-anxiety were significantly improved by EFT-I. Conclusions : Result of this study showed that EFT-I can be a useful treatment program for elderly insomnia. Larger clinical trials are needed to verify effect of EFT-I as a community based insomnia management program for the elderly.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2007

Objective : Obesity has been considered to be associated with numerous physical, mental and psychological diseases. Depression, which is a major psychological factor affecting occurrence and treatment of obesity, can be a cause of obesity as well as can be triggered by obesity. This study aimed to find out the need of positive consideration to the existence of depressive mood in the management of obesity. Methods : A total of 101 subjects were enrolled among those who were 60 years old and over at one local clinic. Obese group (n=49) was defined as BMI${\geqq}$25 and normal weight group (n=52) as 20$5.2{\pm}2.5$) was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group ($3.8{\pm}1.7$)(p<0.05). In male subjects, there was no significant difference in the mean GDSSF-K score between both groups, but in female subjects, the mean GDSSF-K score of the obese group, $6.4{\pm}2.6$ was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group ($4.0{\pm}1.8$)(p<0.05). Conclusion : The elderly obese group showed higher depressive scale score than elderly normal weight group, especially in female elderly. Since the elderly obese female group had a depressive predisposition, comprehensive management including mental and psychological approach is required in obesity control programs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

Objectives: To conduct and report the results of a public health promotion program in Korean medicine (KM), namely the KM Visiting Care Service for Solitary Elderly, from November 2018 to April 2019. Methods: Six elderly people living in a rural area received the KM visiting care service, twice a week, for four months. This service consisted of acupuncture, auriculotherapy, and supportive counseling to manage their musculoskeletal pain, cognitive impairment, and/or depression. The changes of symptoms were assessed using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short form Korean (GDS-SF-K). Results: Through the 4-months KM visiting care service, the overall subjects' NRS-rated pain decreased slightly. Most showed improvement in MMSE-DS and/or MoCA-K, except one subject who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Depression assessed by GDS-SF-K showed improvement in a few subjects who were unable to walk independently. Satisfaction assessed through survey was generally high in all subjects. Conclusions: This KM Visiting Care Service for Solitary Elderly may help improve the pain and cognitive function of frail solitary elderly in rural areas. However, the protocol need to be improved to optimize the effect.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic factors associated with geriatric depression and insomnia and to examine the effects of these factors on depression. Methods : The severities of insomnia and depression in elderly aged 60 and older lived in Gwangmyeong city were evaluated and the related sociodemographic factors were investigated. From April 20, 2016 to December 1, 2016, Gwangmyeong city Mental Health Sevices consignment by department of psychiatry of a university-affiliated general hospital conducted surveys and interviews for total 837 elderly peoples lived in Gwangmyeong city by visiting welfare center and wards located in the city. Structured interviews were conducted using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) and Short form-Geriatric Depression Scale(S-GDS) to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the severities of insomnia and depression. Results : There were significant differences in S-GDS mean scores and age(below 70 years old, 70s, 80s, above 90 years old), type of health care(health insurance, medical aid), type of residency(own, not own) and marital status(single, married, divorced or widowed).There was a significant difference in education level, especially between not educated(and/or) elementary graduates and college graduate(F=3.227, p=0.012). Also, there were significant differences in age, type of health care, type of residency, number of household on divided S-GDS score above and below 10 scores(p<0.05). Insomnia measured by ISI was not significantly associated with sociodemographic factors(p>0.05), but was significantly associated with depressive symptoms(p<0.05). These findings suggest more severe insomnia symptom indicated the higher probability of depression and elderly with depressive symptoms had more severe insomnia. Conclusions : Geriatric depression has significant relationships with age, type of health care, type of residency, marital status, education and number of households. In addition, insomnia which is main symptom of depression in elderly, has important role in predicting the severity and diagnosis of depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.259-271
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• 2000

This study was attempted to explore meaning in life and it's relationship to problematic life events, health status and depression among older people. 198samples of elderly were over the age 60 (mean age=70.06) conveniently selected in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected through questionaires by interview with subjects from April, 1, 1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instuments were the main framework in the experiment. They involved meaning fulfillment and problematic life events which were developed by Burbank (1988) and short form geriatric depression scale(Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). The data were analysed by SAS Program. The results are followed; 1. 172 lists were given out and had objects that would bring meaning to one's life. They were categrized as wishing for offsprings' prosperity, their relation with their grand-children, marriage of their offspring, health of family members, strong family ties, caring for the family, relation with husband, health for self, religious activity, helping others, individual hobbies, needs for growth such as writing, education, relationships with friends and personal achievements. In the end, 50% of total list dealt with in the relationship with their family members. 2. The mean fulfillment of the subjects was 38.31(SD=13.58) with a range of 12-60. The degree fulfillment varied according to the subjects' characteristics such as age group(F=4.44, 0P=.0008), education status (F=6.44, P=.0001), economic status (F=10.27, P=.0001), marrital status (F=9.12, P=.0002) and religious background (F=3.68, P=.006). 3. According to the pearson correlation, analysis significant variables were found between meaning fulfillment and health(r=.47, P=.0001), depression and the number of problematic life events for a life time (r=.147, P=.04), the stress score of problamatic life events for the past one year and the stress score of problematic life events for a life time was r=.43, P=.002, meaning fulfillment and the stress score of problamatic life events r=-.26, P=.04, depression and meaning fulfillment r=-.70, P=.0001 and depression and health r=-.521, P=.0001. 4. According to multiful regression analysis, depression was found as a most predictable variable for health(F=12.51, P=.001).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect on psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain after practicing lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball, and to developed and activated on exercise program for healthy senile life. Methods : The subjects were 23 elderly women with chronic low back pain. Mean age of subjects was $67{\pm}13$ years. The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball was performed 3 times a week during the 8 weeks study period. The research tool were ODI(Oswestry Disability Index), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), SES(Self-esteem Scale), GDSSF-K(Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version), PSS (perceived stress scale), Life satisfaction, and MMSE-K. The analysis of data was processed by the statistical program SPSS 12.0 and paired t-test and frequency analysis were used to compare psychosocial status between the pretest and post tests. Result : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball increased significantly SES and Life satisfaction of subjects, and ODI, VAS(trunk flexion & trunk extention), GDSSF-K, and PSS were decreased significantly(p<.05). While VAS(trunk rotation) were not significantly. Conclusion : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball improved psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify factors influencing the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence and examine the relationship among the factors. Methods: The study investigated 113 elderly women with urinary incontinence who were subject to the visiting care program at health centers in D-gu, D-si, South Korea. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19.0 along with ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of the participants was found to be $11.41{\pm}4.34$. As a result of the correlation analysis, PSQI was found to have significant correlations with Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BFLUTS) (r= .32, p< .001). The Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (K-PASE) was (r= -.34, p< .001) and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF) was (r= .23, p= .012). Multiple regression analysis found sleeping pill use (${\beta}=-.35$, p< .001) had the strongest influence on PSQI, followed by physical activity (${\beta}=-.20$, p< .001), depression (${\beta}=.20$, p< .001), and lower urinary tract symptoms (${\beta}=.19$, p< .001). The total model explanatory power was 28.3% (F= 12.07, p< .001). Conclusion: The study findings are expected to be useful for enhanced understanding of the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence.