• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.438-444
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• 1993

The circuit board of an electronic equipment were simulated with a vertical channel which had thermal blocks protruded from one of the channel walls. A rought front plate was made of a circuit board attached with short wires to simulate the back side of a printed circuit board. Natural convection experiments were carried out to study the effects of channel space and rough front plate and to find the suitable characteristic value after the fourth row. The effect of a rough front plate was negligble. There were negligible effects of the channel space on the first and second heaters. Heat transfer coefficients after the third row decreased as the channel space decreased. Heat transfer coefficients were almost constant for larger than 20 mm channel space. A characteristic length was suggested to non-dimensionalize Nu and Ra numbers in a vertical channel with protruded heaters. A correlation was obtained using the new characteristic lengths.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2004

The development of both economical and consistent structure is strongly required for the whole reorganization of the railway network in Korea. Retaining wall is one of the major structures in the vicinity of the railway, which needs improving its external appearance and stability. Therefore, this study presents a new type of retaining wall, so called short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall, as an alternative of retaining walls, which can be used for constructing the slope and roadbed soil structures. The results from real-scale test and dynamic numerical analysis for developed new one, which helps both the improvement of the external appearance and also the optimum use of the limited space near the railway, show excellent performance. On the basis of these results, it is judged that short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall has the advantages of choosing the front wall freely and having a chance to use any low quality soil as backfill.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze short sleeve cycling tops from three brands for a change in garment fit and pressure depending on the static and cycling postures. To this end, it used a 3D virtual garment system to virtualize the garments. Further, a cross-section of the 3D virtual garment data was obtained, and the space length was measured in the design-X program to prove the objectivity of the 3D virtual garment. The results indicated that three brands had a large space length at the front than the back because of the bent posture in cycling. Therefore, appropriate ease was required for the waist and abdomen. Although there were various cutting lines of the bodice panel by brand, the design of the cutting lines should consider the changes in the surface to reflect the bent posture in cycling. The results of this experiment confirmed that the wrinkles present in the 3D virtual garment were reflected in the cross-section and that the space length was small in the high-stress area, as shown in red. Therefore, it was proven the stress of the 3D virtual garment could be used for 3D virtual garment evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

This study aims to identify variables (dependent and independent variables) by plane type and area, focusing on the R.C structure planes which were applied to the National Rental Housing Complexes during the 1970-80s; and to investigate differences in residential space compositions depending on the interrelationship between the variables. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, an independent variable which had the most influence on the residential space composition was found to be stairs. As dependent variables, bedroom, livingroom, and kitchen showed difference in spatial arrangements. Second, in the case of the front entry type, one-sided arrangements were the most common for the 3L+D.K composition, because livingroom was arranged near the stairs, Disadvantages were: (1) the spatial division of each room was not efficient; and (2) the use of room space was low due to long access to each room. Third, in the case of the rear entry type, no problem was found in arranging bedrooms on the front side. By arranging livingroom as a common space area, the distance of approachability to each room was found to be short and the use of space was excellent. However, disadvantages were: (1) stability was lacking; and (2) privacy was low. Fourth, depending on the location of the stairs, an interaction between bedrooms and the connectivity between livingroom and kitchen were found. Accordingly, there were differences in the size and arrangement of space by plane type.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest the materials for developing the new house style by analysing the space characteristics of wood frame houses in suburbs of Seoul. For this, we analysed 45 drawings(site plan, floor plan, elevation, section) that were designed by MICHOO, WOOD-LAND, STUGA and CHOWONJUTECK company etc. The space design characteristics that we found are as follows; 1. The wood is fragile to humidity. Therefore this characteristic is especially considered in designing the space of bathroom and utility room. 2. It is the merit of wood frame house that inner space can be designed variously by using spilt-level and the slope of roof. 3.The public space and private space are completely separated in most cases and the stair is located in the middle of house. This structure of house is short of horizontal openness. Instead, most houses gets vertical openness by making second floor on the living room opev. 4. In wood frame house as the rural house, the outer space is well used by setting up deck and balcony. The outer spaces like deck and balcony are usually used as a part of life space in connected with living room, dining room, master bed room and family room. 5. The public spaces like kitchen, living room, dining room and family room are considered so important in design that those are arranged in front in order to have good outlook and directiov.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.562-577
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• 2003

The object of my research is to inquiry into the immediate constituent and techniques of underwear after looking into basic theory of underwear, techniques by materials classified according to the matter of elasticity, and studying flat pattern and draping which are basis of corset and brassiere structure focusing on corsetry among underwears and production techniques. Various papers are referenced for theoretical study and the elements and techniques of underwear are analyzed based on photographical materials. This paper concludes as follows. To make the flat pattern of corset and brassiere fit to the body tightly, design dart two times without any space and draw smaller than the body. To support the breast sufficiently, move the side seam 1¼″ to the front panel and the seam should pass the apex in all occasions. For draping, dart should be added into short of elasticity materials in the past but dart is no use these days since the material today is extremely elastic. It is possible now to show the body line with only the seam or a pattern. In a case of elastic material, set the elastic direction to the grain line and have a draping as pulling from the center to the out side. As production technic, for an hem, put a zigzag stitch in elastic materials with a 10-20% short elastic band, pulling the band. Then make 3/16″-1/4″ short inseam.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of denim pants preferred by Korean women in their 20's through the analysis of the sensory test(appearance) and garment space length. Four kinds of ready-made denim pants of national and licensed brand on sale in Korea were used as the experimental garment. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference among brands were found in the appropriateness of ease in the part of waist belt(front), knee (front), ankle(back) and the total silhouette. 2. In the analysis of garment space length. the significant difference among brands was shown in waist belt part $(FL60^{\circ})$, hip $(FL0^{\circ},\;FL30^{\circ})$, crotch(SRR) and knee(BR60^{\circ}). However, total average was not significant difference. 3. According to analysis of pattern size, the brand N was out of balance in crotch depth and girth. by which it can be said that N got the lowest score in sensory test (appearance). On the other hand, Brand GU was large in circumference with short crotch length. 4. Therefore, the most preferred denim pants pattern of Korean women in their 20's was fit in waist belt. hip. crotch circumference and a little bit tight in crotch depth and length. As the design was limited as straight style. more design and brands must be included for future study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1999-2007
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• 2013

The key characteristics of two-lane-and-two-way traffic flow are platoon and overtaking caused by low-speed vehicle such as truck. In order to develop two-way traffic flow model comprised of CF(car-following) and overtaking model, it is essential to develop a car-following model which is suitable to two-way traffic flow. Short distance between vehicles is caused when a high-speed vehicle tailgates and overtakes foregoing low-speed vehicle on two-way road system. And a vehicle following low-speed vehicle decides to overtake the front low-speed vehicle using suitable space within the headway distribution of opposite traffic flow. For this reason, a two-way CF model should describes not only running within short gap but also headway distribution. Additionally considering domestic two-way-road size, there is a on-going need for large-network simulation, but there are few studies for two-way CF model. In this paper, a two-way CA model is developed, which explains two-way CF behavior more realistic and can be applied for large road network. The experimental results show that the developed model mimics stop-and-go phenomenon, one of features of congested traffic flow, and efficiently generates the distribution of headway. When the CF model is integrated with overtaking model, it is, therefore, expected that two-way traffic flow can be explained more realistically than before.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

Virtual reality is currently mainly used in games, but is starting to be applied as a variety of media fields, such as broadcasting and film. Virtual reality provides more fun than reality, and can provide new experiences in areas that cannot be experienced in reality due to the constraints of time, space, and environment. In particular, as the social non-contact arena has increased due to COVID-19, it is being applied to education, health, and medical industries. The contents are further expanding into design and military fields. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the change in distribution of load and pressure felt by the body in the flying state while wearing a short pants harness, which are mainly used in the game and entertainment industry. In the experiment, the average pressure in the flying state was measured by attaching a pressure sensor to the back and front of a human mannequin. As a result, it was confirmed that the load concentrated on the waist in the flying state was 44 N, with a pressure of 1353 kPa. The pressure distribution was concentrated in front of the center of gravity, and was measured was at 98% by the pressure sensors, with an average pressure value of approximately 15 kPa, and a pressure value of approximately 12 kPa at the back, which was measured at 67% by the pressure sensor. The results of the load and pressure distribution measurement are presented as fundamental data to improve the wearability and comfort of harnesses in the future, and are compared to actual measured pressure values by analyzing the clothing pressure in flight through virtual wear of harnesses through the CLO 3D program.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2012

The starting point of this study is the concerning of simple behavioral pattern that whoever enters the inner space with taking off his shoes should go out from the position where he laid his shoes. The using of Ondol (floor heating room) and Maru (lifted wood floor) had changed the architectural space from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space, and it also made the behavior of taking off the shoes at the entrance of building and stepping on the lifted floor. This simple behavior has possibility to make lots of changes to the culture of architectural design. With this noticeable point, this paper is talking about the cultural feature of Korean traditional architecture, especially about the influence of tanking off and putting on shoes. The matter of shoes has changed diverse aspects of building and layout planning. It maximized the difference between front and rear part of building and characterized the lateral extension of Korean traditional house. The ritual space also had evolved from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space according to the type of ritual behavioral pattern. The change on the single building level had influenced on the layout planning of architectural complex. For examples, the parallel layout of ChangDeok-gung palace and the long sequential process to the main pavilion of Buddhist temple are the result of the matter of shoes. And NuGak(樓閣), the double-storied pavilion, on the axis of entering sequence's node is one of the unique planning elements that makes possible to go through the building without taking off the shoes and also makes upper level space for staying. In short, Korean traditional architecture that has the chair-sitting spatial origin of the East Asian cultural sphere has pursued new architectural issues and planning methods according to evolution to the floor-sitting culture.