• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.259-276
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• 2002

In the present investigation the experimental and theoretical flexural and compressive behavior of short tubular steel columns filled with plain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) was examined. For a given length of the members, the effects of different geometry and dimensions of the transverse cross-section (square and circular) were investigated. Constituent materials were characterized through direct tensile tests on steel coupons and through compressive and split tension tests on concrete cylinders. Load-axial shortening and load-deflection curves were recorded for unfilled and composite members. Finally, simplified expressions for the calculus of the load-deflection curves based on the cross-section analysis were given and the ultimate load of short columns was predicted.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

The influence of cyclic loading history on the creep behavior of the 30 vol% hot-pressed $SiC_f/Si_3N_4copmposite was experimentally investigated at $1200^{\circ}C$. The duration of loading/unloading had great effects on the creep behaviors. The short term duration cyclic loading history test results showed significant reduction in the primary and steady-state creep rates. For example, 300sec loading/300sec unloading history resulted in 70% lower steady-state creep rate than that of the continuous loading. However the long term duration cyclic loading history test results showed little change in creep rates compared to those of the continuous one. The reason for the significant change in the short term duration cycles was estimated due to the change in the stress redistribution between the fiber and matrix during the creep recovery in the primary stage.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2012

광 강도 및 위상변조 후에 단일 모드 광섬유로 첩을 보상함으로서 CW 광원으로부터 10 GHz 초단 펄스를 발생시켰다. 발생된 펄스는 0.64 nm의 스펙트럼 폭과 5.7 ps의 펄스폭을 보임으로서 시간대역 곱이 0.46인 준 변환제한된 펄스임을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.271-285
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• 2014

This paper aims to examine the behavior of slender reinforced concrete columns confined with external glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) sheets under eccentric loads. The experimental work conducted in this paper is an extension to previous work by the author concerning the behavior of eccentrically loaded short columns strengthened with GFRP wrapping. In this study, nine reinforced concrete columns divided into three groups were casted and tested. Three eccentricity ratios corresponding to e/t = 0, 0.10, and 0.50 in one direction of the column were tested in each group. The first group was the control one without confinement with slenderness ratio equal 20. The second group was the same as the first group but fully wrapped with one layer of GFRP laminates. The third group was also fully wrapped with one layer of GFRP laminates but having slenderness ratio equal 15. The experimental results of another two groups from the previous work were used in this study to investigate the difference between short and slender columns. The first was control one with slenderness ratio equal 10 and the second was fully wrapped and having the same slenderness ratio. All specimens were loaded until failure. The ultimate load, axial deformation, strain in steel bars, and failure mechanisms of each specimen were generated and analyzed. The results show that GFRP laminates confining system is less effective with slender columns compared with short one, but this solution is still applied and it can be efficiently utilized especially for slender columns with low eccentric ratio.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

Structures may need retrofitting as a result of design and calculation errors, lack of proper implementation, post-construction change in use, damages due to accidental loads, corrosion and changes introduced in new editions of construction codes. Retrofitting helps to compensate weakness and increase the service life. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a modern material for retrofitting steel elements. This study aims to investigate the effect of deficiency location on the axial behavior of compressive elements of Circular Hollow Section (CHS) steel short columns. The deficiencies located vertically or horizontally at the middle or bottom of the element. A total of 43 control column and those with deficiencies were investigated in the ABAQUS software. Only 9 of them tested in the laboratory. The results indicated that the deficiencies had a significant effect on the increase in axial deformation, rupture in deficiency zone (local buckling), and decrease in ductility and bearing capacity. The damages of steel columns were responsible for resistance and stiffness drop at deficiency zone. Horizontal deficiency at the middle and vertical deficiency at the bottom of the steel columns were found to be the most critical. Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) as the most effective material in retrofitting the damaged columns, significantly helped the increase in resistance and rupture control around the deficiency zone.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

짧은 섬유로 강화된 열가소성수지의 복합재료를 대상 재료로 하여 AE의 발생위치(AE source location)를 구하고 AE신호의 진폭분포에 미치는 감쇠 손실(attenuation loss)의 영향을 정량적으로 검토했다. 모의 AE파를 이용하여 측정된 감쇠율은 시험편내의 섬유체적함유율의 증가에 따라 단순 선형관계식으로 예상되는 값보다 더 작았다. 시험편에서 계측된 AE진폭분포에 감쇠손실을 보정한 결과, 시험편의 게이지부에 설정된 각 구역에서 서로 유사한 수준의 진폭분포가 나타났다. 또한 보정된 AE진폭은 시험편의 변형이 진행됨에 따라 더욱 크게 되었다. 따라서, AE진폭을 이용한 고분자복합재료의 손상해석에서는 AE파의 감쇠효과를 보정해야 됨이 확인되었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

사출 성형을 통해 제조된 단섬유 강화 복합재는 사출 성형 중 발생하는 수지 유동으로 인해 동일 시편 내에서도 다양한 섬유 배향을 갖는다. 이러한 섬유의 배향은 최종 복합재의 기계적, 열적 특성에 많은 영향을 주므로, 본 연구에서는 사출 성형된 탄소단섬유 강화 PA6/PPO 복합재의 섬유 배향을 광학 현미경 분석을 통하여 측정하고 섬유의 배향이 복합재의 충격강도 및 열팽창 계수에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 충격강도의 경우에 섬유의 배향이 크랙이 전파되는 방향에 수직으로 배향되어 있을수록 더 높은 충격강도를 보였으며, 이는 섬유의 배향에 따른 충격내성 강화 메커니즘과 밀접한 연관성을 보여주었다. 열팽창 계수의 경우에는 섬유가 열팽창률을 측정하는 방향과 동일한 방향으로 배향되어 있을수록 더 낮은 열팽창계수를 보였으며, 이 결과 역시 섬유의 배향이 열팽창 특성에 미치는 메커니즘과 밀접한 연관성을 보였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.167-170
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• 2003

• 한국광학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 짧은 길이의 편광유지 광자결정 광섬유(polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber : 이하 PM-PCF)와 3 dB 광섬유 결합기(fiber coupler), 그리고 편광 조절기(polarization controller)로 구성된 사냑(Sagnac) 복굴절 간섭계(birefringence interferometer)를 이용하여 온도에 둔감한 편광 간섭형 스트레인 센서(polarimetric strain sensor)를 구현하였다. 센서부(sensor head)로 사용된 PM-PCF의 길이는 2 cm이었고, 이는 기존의 PM-PCF 기반 편광 간섭형 스트레인 센서들과 비교할 때 가장 짧은 센서부 길이이다. 제안된 센서는 $0{\sim}8m{\varepsilon}$의 범위에 대해서 스트레인 측정을 수행하였으며, ${\sim}0.87pm/{\mu}{\varepsilon}$에 해당하는 스트레인 민감도를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 외부 온도를 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $100^{\circ}C$까지 변화시키며 제안된 센서의 온도 의존성을 조사한 결과, 약 $-12pm/^{\circ}C$의 온도 민감도를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 기존의 편광 유지 광섬유의 온도 민감도(약 $-990pm/^{\circ}C$) 에 비해 약 82배정도 작은 값이다. 특히, 실용적인 관점에서 센서 표지자(indicator)로 사용되는 파장이 스트레인 민감도에 큰 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 실험 및 이론적으로 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2014

In this study, two beam-column elements based on the Elasto-Fiber element theory for reinforced concrete (RC) element have been developed and compared with each other. The first element is based on Elasto Fiber Approach (EFA) was initially developed for steel structures and this theory was applied for RC element in there and the second element is called as Fiber & Bernoulli-Euler element approach (FBEA). In this element, Cubic Hermitian polynomials are used for obtaining stiffness matrix. The beams or columns element in both approaches are divided into a sub-element called the segment for obtaining element stiffness matrix. The internal freedoms of this segment are dynamically condensed to the external freedoms at the ends of the element by using a dynamic substructure technique. Thus, nonlinear dynamic analysis of high RC building can be obtained within short times. In addition to, external loads of the segment are assumed to be distributed along to element. Therefore, damages can be taken account of along to element and redistributions of the loading for solutions. Bossak-${\alpha}$ integration with predicted-corrected method is used for the nonlinear seismic analysis of RC frames. For numerical application, seismic damage analyses for a 4-story frame and an 8-story RC frame with soft-story are obtained to comparisons of RC element according to both approaches. Damages evaluation and propagation in the frame elements are studied and response quantities from obtained both approaches are investigated in the detail.