• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2007

Underground passage shopping center which is one of the underground space is a public facility. Therefore, underground passage shopping center needs physical environment that everyone (such as ordinary adults, seniors, disabled and ETC) could use it without any difficulties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of universal design into main entrance space of underground passage shopping center. The scope of this research was adjusted as 8 underground passage shopping centers that are located in Seoul. Spacial scope of the research was set as public space such as main entrance space, slope way, stairway of underground passage shopping center and the content of scope of this research was the application of universal design. The conclusion of this research is as following. First, public space of underground passage shopping center needs physical environmental improvement for the convenient usage for seniors and disabled. Second, the application of universal design is needed for public space for shelter and rescue of underground passage shopping center. Third, Underground passage shopping center needs a plan to minimize the safety infringement of user by commercial activity of stores in it.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.186-194
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• 2012

One hand shopping center provides a public space for people, the other hand it is a place for commercial purpose. Although it gives an entertainment, eating and shopping places to people nowaday, owners and tenants aim to make profit from it. According to this demand designers should plan a shopping center for a comfortable place for eating, shopping and playing and they make shops and retails to increase sales by exposing those to more people at the same time. For successful shopping center architects are requested an approach with commercial strategy that shopping center raises exposure of retails and makes stay costumers longer and visit more frequently. Recently space is regarded as a mean of marketing, so-called "place marketing", because it can influence on brand image and improves the image of product. Therefore, it need to be approached with commercial consideration. Analyzing the armature this study will take a look at spatial strategies in shopping centers which especially the Jerde Partnership, one of influential firms on commercial space, designed. And it will examine how spatial strategies can be applied to commercial strategies in relation to customer information process(exposure-attention-interest-comprehension-memory) which marketers are using in advertisement for marketing and what kind of role spatial strategies can be. This study is to be basic considerations when a shopping center project will be planned.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

Shopping became a meaning of simply buying goods and service as well as buying place and cultural experiences to people living nowaday. Many people make an appointment, watch movies and enjoy shopping in shopping malls. This Change of meaning of shopping made shopping center to be a place for pubic space gradually. Although shopping mall, a type of shopping center, existed from the past, contemporary shopping mall that is enclosed from air started to be established in 1950's in North America. After that lifestyle and shopping environment having been changed continuously and shopping mall in terms of architectural typology has been changed as well. Now shopping mall provides leisure and entertainment to people and also is playing an important role as redeveloping a city and revitalizing a town. This study will take a look at changes of typology of out-of-town regional shopping mall in north America and analyze reasons and characteristics of changes since 1960's shopping malls. The purpose of this study is to categorize the type of out-of-town regional shopping mall and to find application method in shopping mall design in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.505-516
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• 1994

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on air pollution in underground shopping center and also contributing to the health improvement of residents, the authors measured the level of $SO_2,\;NO_2,\;TSP,\;CO,\;CO_2$ and also some related factors as air temperature, air movement, relative humidity and mean radiation temperature at inside and outside of underground shopping center in Pusan from January to February and from July to August 1994. The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of CO within the underground shopping center was $3.1{\pm}1.3ppm$ in winter and $2.1{\pm}0.9ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner CO concentration and temperature in summer and no correlation between inner CO concentration and outer CO concentration in underground shopping center 2. The mean concentration of COE within the underground shopping center was $876{\pm}353ppm$ in winter and $757{\pm}125ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and air movement in summer and positive correlation (p<0.05) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and outer $CO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center. 3. The mean concentration of $SO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.036{\pm}0.019ppm$ in winter and $0.040{\pm}0.013ppm$ in summer. There was a positive correlation(p<0.01) between inner $SO_2$ concentration and temperature in summer and positive correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in summer and winter in underground shopping center. 4. The mean concentration of $NO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.052{\pm}0.038ppm$ in winter and $0.042{\pm}0.016ppm$ in summer. There was a no correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and thermal factors in summer and winter and low correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center 5. The mean concentration of TSP within a underground shopping center was $430{\pm}214{\mu}g/m^3$ in winter, $366{\pm}73{\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, and very in excess of the atmospheric environmental quality standards of Korea ($150{\mu}g/m3{\downarrow}$). There was low correlation between inner TSP concentration and temperature in summer and high correlation between inner TSP concentration and outer TSP concentration in underground shopping center.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1989

In general, Shopping centers are located in the center of transportation, which induce more traffic concentration than other facilities. As a result, it becomes to one of the aggravating factors of urban ＆ transportation problem such as traffic conjestion, parking problems. Thus, in planning shopping-center, it is desirable that consumer\`s trip pattern is should lie more carefully analyzed in order to alleviate the above problems. This study is aimed at finding the characteristics of shopping tripes and analyzing the choice behavior of shopping center and mode-to-shop. This study has developed a nested logit model in which consumers choose shopping center and mode-to-shop with a sequential structure. The model was estimated using household data from the 1989 May, Seoul metropolitan area and the 18 alternatives of shopping center and 5 mode alternatives. The estimated model have been evaluated and it may be concluded that this model for shopping trips is effective and fesible. The conclusion of this study are as fellows. 1. Out-of-vehicle travel time is more important factor affecting behavior of mode choice than in-vehicle travel time. 2. All of direct-elasticities for mode with respect to the travel time is more elastic than travel cost. 3. Accessibility to shop is more important factor affecting the choice of shopping center than parking space. 4. The value of out-of-vehicle travel time exceeds the value of in-vesicle travel time by 1.64 times.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.283-290
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• 2013

The change of shopping environment created new emerging type of shopping center after 1990's, Urban Entertainment Center(UEC) in northen America. One hand traditional shopping center was retail-centered, the other hand UEC is entertainment-centered and offers the trinity of synergy. Each components, that are retail, dining and entertainment, play a role of drawing people, extending duration of visiting and making people revisit then the synergy makes commercial profit in shopping center. As northen America many of shopping centers with complex have been built in Korea since 2000 and some projects is planning by the change of shopping environment and regenerating urban. Although the term of "UEC" is used in Korea, it seems to be added entertainment facilities to shopping center without considering on commercial strategy. This study will take a look at mix and duration of visit which ULI stresses in UEC development and comparing with those of Yongsan Station and Chyeongrangri Station which are built recently in seoul, it will get characters and situation of these UECs. Finally, the analysis is to be used as a planning data in UEC development.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Currently, the number of a shopping center building is increasing because most people want to go a shopping center building easily for buying many things and eating some foods. That are a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of shopping center buildings has been increasing the number of shopping center building fires which also have been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire department connection among other fire facilities because it is important for fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire department connections that are on 70 shopping center buildings of more than 5 years old constructed. Survey and analysis were conducted for 70 fire department connections. The result of this study is that all installed fire department connections have a type that includes one or two holes each at 65mm wide, and the average distance between fire department connections and access roads is 4.85m. The total average percentage of insufficiency conditions such as drive ways for fire trucks, visibility, accessibility, pressure range sign, installed height, cover of the hole, etc. is 45.3%. So improvement of law and systems, that are fire facility construction and maintenance implementations, will be needed in my opinion.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2014

Underground shopping center has become a important commercial facility due to their good accessibility to the public transport. However, underground shopping center has high risk of air contaminants emission like formaldehyde and lowered indoor air quality. In this study, formaldehyde concentration of the underground shopping center was estimated according to the renovation and characteristics of space. It was found that newly renovated underground shopping center has low formaldehyde concentration. In case of closed entrance type, the formaldehyde concentration was 320 % higher than open type. Formaldehyde concentration was varied by product type and especially, high formaldehyde concentration was measured near the stores selling nail polish and cosmetics. It is important to apply appropriate ventilation system according to characteristics of space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.485-499
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• 2012

With the maturity of department stores and discount stores, many Korean retail companies have an interest in developing outlet shopping centers such as Yeoju Premium Outlet so on. To develop a successful outlet shopping center, developers should understand consumer's preferences on many attributes of development alternatives. This study analyzes consumer's preferences on outlet shopping center and evaluates various development alternatives by using conjoint analysis. With empirical research for outlet shopping center development, this study can elicit potential shopper's preference for outlet shopping center. The empirical result shows discount rate is most important attribute to develop outlet shopping center. The potential shoppers have higher preference for higher discount rate. Location is the second important attribute. Brand is the least important attribute. By using utilities derived from analysis, this study performs various choice simulations. Through choice simulation analysis, this study tries to find the best development alternative for new outlet shopping center.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.144-151
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• 2007

The idea of shopping is changed from a purchase of merchandise to an experience of pleasure. This study is a space composition analysis for the introduction of theme in multi-plex shopping center design to reflect variable consumer trend and company marketing strategy, The study progressed through theoretical consideration and substance analysis about the shopping centers which had been designed by Jerd Partnership In Japan since 2000. The following is result. The path is a sole main street that is made of curve form, parallel and vertical circulating rout and movement of human being. It leads continuity. The node and landmarks have a circular court with typifier as powerful center, character of transition space and event for experience. It makes locational quality. The districts are composed of retail shops, restaurants and culture facilities and the edge is represented by closed vertical wall and parapet. It induces a domain. The characteristic of Jerde shopping center is an experience of theme environment through the path as betweenness with a story based on a main theme. It is mostly related nature or exotic element and is obviously represented at path and node. The node takes a round shape and bring about event as a court. The application of theme to the shopping center by Jerde has a significant meaning for place marketing.