• 방재와보험
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• s.16
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• pp.67-74
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• 1981

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

Purpose - This study is aimed at examining Indian consumers' online shopping motivations, information search, and shopping intentions. The study intends to reveal the relationship between online shopping motivations, information search, and shopping intentions. Research design, data, and methodology - The study employs factor analysis to verify correct loading of items on corresponding factors, and to confirm the applicability of constructs in the Indian context. The model was verified using stepwise regression analysis. Results -The findings show that hedonic and utilitarian motivations significantly affect online information search and shopping intentions. The information search is a significant predictor of online purchase intention. Conclusions - Hedonic and utilitarian motivations are the salient factors affecting online information search and purchase intentions. Marketers are required to design websites that foster an enjoyable online experience. This will attract customers who will browse the website for a longer duration. More time devoted to information search will ensure brand building and loyalty.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.297-303
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• 2021

The performance of the retail industry in a country, which simultaneously reflects the demand for retail space, is significantly influenced by the macroeconomic environment of said country. However, in the case of Malaysia, studies regarding this issue are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the macroeconomic determinants of the demand for retail space in shopping centers in Malaysia through the study of six variables: per capita income, private expenditure, inflation rate, interest rate, total population, and the number of tourists arrival. The nexus between these variables and the demand for retail space in shopping centers were examined by cointegration and causality tests, and regression analysis using quarterly data for the period 1993Q1 to 2016Q4. The results from bivariate cointegration tests indicate that inflation rate, interest rates, population size, and the number of tourists arrival have significant long-run relationships with the demand for retail space of Malaysian shopping centers. Meanwhile, the Granger causality tests show that only population size can cause the demand for shopping centers' retail space. Finally, the results from the regression analysis revealed that income per capita, private expenditure, interest rates, and population are the variables that significantly influence the demand for the retail space of the Malaysian shopping centers.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2018

Turner and Penn (1) from UCL have proved that Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) can be used as a more accurate method to predict the pedestrian distribution in building spaces. However, this methodology neglects certain elements that are of special influence on pedestrian distribution in buildings, especially the entrances and exits. Based on Space Syntax, this dissertation improves on the traditional method of Visibility Graph Analysis, using three shopping centers in Shenzhen as examples, attempts to explore a new parameter - "attenuation index of pedestrians at the entrances and exits" - using relevant data of the entrances and exits of the three cases, and combines it with traditional VGA analysis through weighted calculation, in order to provide more accurate predictions of pedestrian patterns in shopping centers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

With the development of online shopping and the rapid growth of IT technology, among various forms of online shopping the intense competition also more deepen. So in online shopping and offline shopping can get differentiation characteristics of competitiveness, so our marketing target is the couples and planning to couples' activity is necessary. In this research, it is planning and implement an web site to design and implement sales strategies for the young people. For this, we analysis based on the existing commercial site's event planning of couples, design and suggest strategy for increasing sales, construct a web site with couples' birthday marketing strategy and various commemorative activities and customer visit web sites with activities more prominent as the goal, and with marketing planning and information configuration as the centre. This is expected to be through to increase effect of the part of the object by customer group activities to improve sales.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1957-1963
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• 2013

Objective: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among a selected group of Malaysians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groups aged ${\geq}15$ years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at ${\alpha}$ <0.05. Results: Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit. Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oral cancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the risk habits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media and health campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, gender and age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oral cancer, respectively.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to examine the Indian consumers'mall shopping patronage with the application of theory of planned behavior (TPB). The research intends to extend the TPB components (attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norms) with the addition of self-image and study their effect on Indian consumers' mall patronage intention. Research design, data and methodology - The research employed factor analysis to verify correct loading of items on corresponding factors and to confirm the applicability of constructs in the Indian context. The model was tested using stepwise regression analysis. Results -The results indicate a positive relationship between self-efficacy and intention to mall patronage. The findings show that self-image, attitude, self-efficacy, subjective norm significantly influence the mall patronage intention. Self-efficacy, which signifies self-competence and confidence in one's ability as a mall shopper indicates that as the self-efficacy increases Indian consumers' will eventually patronize malls. Conclusions - Self-image congruency plays a salient role in predicting mall-shopping patronage. The mall management should ensure that the mall marketing strategies incorporate it along with the other components of TPB to warrant decent footfall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.619-620
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• 2011

Recently, the intense competition among various forms of online shopping also more deepen. So in online shopping and offline shopping can get differentiation characteristics of competitiveness, so our marketing target is the couples and planning to couples' activity is necessary. In this research, it is planning and implement an web site to design and implement sales strategies for the young people. For this, we analysis based on the existing commercial site's event planning of couples, design and suggest strategy for increasing sales, construct a web site with couples' birthday marketing strategy and various commemorative activities and customer visit web sites with activities more prominent as the goal, and with marketing planning and information configuration as the centre. This is expected to be through to increase effect of the part of the object by customer group activities to improve sales.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.15-19
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• 2016

Purpose - India is predicted to lead the world in online sales, but the behavioral range of online consumer has not been researched adequately. Moreover, the research on the role of psychological variables like consumer innovativeness in online purchase behavior has not been investigated. This paper aims to unravel the role of 'consumer innovativeness' in predicting online purchase intention. Further, this paper examines the effect of consumer innovativeness on 'online information search' and 'attitude' in online purchase areas. Research design, data, and methodology - This study uses factor analysis to confirm the convergent and discriminant validities from the adopted scales. Regression analysis was employed to test the various hypotheses in this study. Results - This study finds that consumer innovativeness affects positively 'information search', 'attitude' and 'purchase intentions' in online purchase circumstances. Conclusions - Consumer Innovativeness has emerged as a significant factor affecting online purchase intentions. It has also been confronted with an important variable affecting online information search and attitudes for online purchase.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to investigate the way information is used by pedestrians in underground space. Furthermore, we wanted to know how pedestrians utilize information from signage of signs by pedestrians. Thus, we conducted an investigation on the pedestrians' walking behavior in Fukuoka City, Tenjin underground shopping centers, and 1) checked routes taken by the subjects; and 2) categorized the signs that were observed, the pedestrians' movement patterns, the way information from signage isused by the pedestrians, the signs' locations, the relationship between the spaces, the heights of the signs and the types of signs offering directions. The results showed that there is a need to solve certain problems related to the locations of the signs and the walking behaviors of the subjects. To solve the problems exhibited by the subjects' walking behaviors, we came up with a variety of guidance information that could be used. The contents of the guidance information differ depending on the specified heights for the placement of signs and the information used depending on the location. The results also showed that the continuity between places needs to be shown more effectively by the guidance system, and that too many signs are positioned in places where the frequency of use is low.