• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to present basic data for development of shoe last suitable for women of plus size (BMI 25 kg/㎡ or higher) by type and to analyze the characteristics of each type of foot type. The results of the study are as follows. A comparison of the feet of a plus-size woman and a normal-weight woman showed that the feet of a plussize woman were thicker and wider in the toes, cheeks and feet than those of a normal-weight woman, while the ankle area was thicker. As a result of the cluster analysis by type of foot type of plus-size woman, type 1 was classified into four types, type 1 was 49 (19.5%), type 2 was 43 (17.1%), type 3 was 53 (21.1%), and type 4 was distributed among 106 (42.2%). Type 1 appeared to be a long, low heel, thick foot and wide H-type, and Type 2 appeared to be a D-type with a low heel and a thinner and narrow foot compared to other types, but with wide outer width of the foot. Type 3 showed short feet, low heels, narrow feet, but slanted sides, and Type 4 showed type A with long feet, high heels, thick and wide feet or a combination of toes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2023

This study aimed to present data for the development of a shoe which is suitable for plus-size men (BMI 25kg/m² or higher) and to analyze the characteristics of each type of foot. The results of the study are as follows. To assess foot shape in relation to weight gain, participants were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese weight groups, according to their BMI indexes. Those in the normal weight group exhibited a smaller value than the overweight or obese weight group in all items. As a result of the cluster analysis, by type of foot, of the obese men category, men were classified into four BMI index groups: members of the type 1 group had a BMI index of 157 (18.4% of total sample), while for type 2 the figure was 213 (25.0% of sample), for type 3 it was 259 (30.4%), and for type 4 it stood at 224 (26.3% of total sample). Those from the type 1 group had thin ankles with narrow toes and flattened sides. Type 2 group members had thick ankles with well-developed outer feet and thick sides. Those within the type 3 group had medium-thick ankles with narrow feet but wide inner feet. Finally, those in the type 4 group had feet with a slanted side, as well as thick ankles, wide feet, and flat sides. Among these categories, the type 3 group members indicated the highest distribution.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.230-241
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify frequency of advertisement and types of advertisement by items and to analyze a primary factors were factors were reflected in the costumes by a policy of rule under the Japanese rule. Data was MaIl Shin Bo\`s advertisement connected with costumes from 1910 to 1945 years. The results are as follows : 1. The order of the advertisement\`s frequency was footwear, cosmetics, soap[, headgear, western style clothes, precious metals and so on. 2. The type of the advertisement was a format that transmits informs in all items. Cosmetics, hairdye and shampoo applied positive appeals. 3. In the military government, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 37.5% and a shoe store was the first order. A shoes and headgear were high level, because of these were essential imports and were allowded as a proper articles for a western style clothes by a civilized policy. In the political periods of civilization, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 54%. This result indicates industrial development of this period. Soap was the first order during 1924∼1933 and cosmetics was the first order during 1934∼1940. High level of the advertisement\`s frequency in these imports were reflected by a cultural policy as a link of an appeasement measure In the political periods of a racial liquidation, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 8.5% and the advertisement\`s order by items was cosmetics, a shoe store. The reason was that reflected the phases of the times that was serious by a shortage of goods and an reinforcement of wartime\`s attitudes throughout war.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of Tennis Shoes for assessing their functionality. 10 university male students (shoe size: 265mm) who had no history of injury in the lower extremity and a normal gait pattern participated in this study. Four types of tennis shoes, most popular in Korea (A, B, C & D company), were selected and tested. Using the PEDAR-X system and PEDAR-X insoles, 4 different motion stages were analyzed for the foot-pressure distribution: (a) straight running; (b) c-cut($45^{\circ}$ left turn running; (c) forehand stroke; and (d) backhand stroke. Results revealed that in all stages, there were no statistically significant differences among the types of shoes; however, descriptive statistics indicated that functionality of shoe types was somewhat different depending on the type of stages. The order in functionality found was C>A>B>D.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2013

This study was to compare a domestic comfort shoes to the popular import(SAS$^{(R)}$) to gain a better understanding in biomechanical characteristics for shoe design for the elderly. For each shoe type, morphologic dimensions, shock absorption, and flexibility were assessed. From subjects(n = 20, $72.4{\pm}5.5$ years, $67.7{\pm}7.9$ kg), mean peak pressure(MPP) and contact area(CA) at the plantar surface were analyzed. The domestic shoes reflecting anatomic contour of the plantar surfaces of Asians resulted in wider CA(by 30.4 $cm^2$), higher shock absorption(by 2.4%) and stiffness(by 0.5 N/mm) than the import. With the domestic shoes, significantly less MPPs were found at the forefoot(by 42~49%) regions(p < .05) and higher CA was noted additionally at hallux and lessor toes(by 26~63%). More anatomically-contoured insole and favorable mechanical characteristics may help reduce the plantar pressures more effectively and more evenly, especially across the central forefoot and midfoot regions of the plantar surface, especially for the design of the comfort shoes for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Excessive pronation and impact force during running are related to various running injuries. To prevent these injuries, three type of running shoes are used, such as cushioning, stability, and motion control. Although there were may studies about the effect of midsole hardness on impact force, no study to investigate biomechanical effect of motion control running shoes. The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical difference between cushioning and motion control shoes during treadmill running. Specifically, plantar and rearfoot motion, impact force and loading rate, and insole pressure distribution were quantified and compared. Twenty male healthy runners experienced at treadmill running participated in this study. When they ran on treadmill at 3.83 m/s. Kinematic data were collected using a Motion Analysis eight video camera system at 240 Hz. Impact force and pressure distribution data under the heel of right foot were collected with a Pedar pressure insole system with 26 sensors at 360 Hz. Mean value of ten consecutive steps was calculated for kinematics and kinetics. A dependent paired t-test was used to compare the running shoes effect (p=0.05). For most kinematics, motion control running shoes reduced the range of rearfoot motion compared to cushioning shoes. Runners wearing motion control shoe showed less eversion angle during standing less inversion angle at heel strike, and slower eversion velocity. For kinetics, cushioning shoes has the effect to reduce impact on foot obviously. Runners wearing cushioning shoes showed less impact force and loading rate, and less peak insole pressure. For both shoes, there was greater load on the medial part of heel compared to lateral part. For pressure distribution, runners with cushioning shoes showed lower, especially on the medial heel.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.390-405
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• 2021

Gait analysis trackers have been developed to monitor daily gait patterns to improve users' running performance and reduce the risk of injuries. A variety of gait analysis trackers are available on the market(e.g., foot pods, insoles). Depending on the type of gait analysis tracker, users' discomfort or satisfaction as well as required properties may differ. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare and analyze user experience of three different types of commercial shoe-mounted gait analysis trackers and their mobile applications in a laboratory environment using questionnaires based on actual experiences of each product. Ten males and ten females who regularly enjoy walking and running exercises participated in the experiment. After the participants set up the tracker and application themselves without support from researchers, ten to thirty minutes' exercise was permitted on each product. Following this, the participants answered questionnaires containing evaluation variables on the device and mobile application, as well as satisfaction, intention to use, recommendation, and purchase. In addition, they were asked questions about the attractive features and shortcomings of each device and application. The results showed that the PRO-SPECS^® smart insole was preferred over the others for ease of use, perceived durability, psychological burden of the design, and usefulness of the information provided by the application. Along with the results of questionnaire, this study also discussed strategies and recommendations for future product design and development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3833-3838
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• 2009

This paper introduces a measurement system for mechanical properties of sport shoes using an industrial robot. The robot system used in this paper is a commercial Puma type robot system(FARA AT2 made by SAMSUNG Electronics) with 6 joints and the end-effector is modified to produce a human walking motion. After analyzing human walking with a high speed video camera, each joint angle of the robot system is extracted to be used in the robot system. By using this system, ground impact forces were measured during stepping motion with 3 different shoe specimens made of 3 different hardness outsoles, respectively. As other mechanical properties, both bending moments to bend the toe part of the same specimen shoes and pronation quantities during walking motion were measured as well. In the impact test with the same depth of deformation under the ground level, the effect of the outsole hardness was clearly appeared such that the harder outsole produces the higher ground reaction force. The bending test and the pronation test also show proportional increments in the bending stiffness and the moment Mx according to the outsole hardness. Throughout such experiments, the robot system has produced consistent results so that the system could be used in obtaining valuable informations for a shoe designing process.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.623-630
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• 2007

Grouting materials are used for the unification of superstructural and substructural body like bridge seat (shoe) or machinery pedestal and e.t.c by filling their intercalary voids. Accordingly, grouting materials have been developed and used mainly with products of high strength because those materials are constructed specially in a part receiving large or impact load. In this situation, the structural body constructed by grouting materials with high stiffness-centered (caused by high strength) products is apt to cause brittle failure when receiving over a limit stress and to cause cracks according to cumulative fatigue by continuous and cyclic load. In addition, grouting materials are apt to cause cracks by using too much rapid hardening agents that give rise to high heat of hydration to maintain high strength at early age. In this study, to overcome these problems, cement type grouting materials including powder of waste tire and resin as elastic materials which aim to be more stable construction and to be improvement of mother-body's unification are developed and endowed with properties of high toughness and high durability add to existing properties of high flowability, non-shrinkage and high strength. Besides, this study contribute to of for green construction materials for being possible recycling industrial waste like waste tire and flyash. On the whole, seven type mixing conditions are tested and investigated to choose the best mixing condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.262-270
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• 2001

본 연구의 목표는 새로 개발된 구두골을 평가하여 보다 편리하고 기능성이 향상된 구두를 제작할 수 있는 한국형 구두골(shoelast)을 설계하는 것이다. 구두의 적합성에 영향을 주는 인자를 찾아내고, 이들에 대한 평가 방법을 개발하여 인간공학 실험을 실시하였다. 새로 개발한 구두골은 남.여 각각 2 개의 타입(type)으로 10 명의 평가자에 의하여 단기간 (1 주일)의 착화감 평가가 이루어졌다. 인체측정치와 발 부위의 상관성 평가, 피험자 각각에 대한 시계열분석의 결과를 종합하여 두 타입의 구두골에 대한 문제점을 파악하고, 그 개선점을 도출하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 한국형 구두골(shoelast) 설계 치수를 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 얻어진 결과는 구두 제작 공정에 직접 사용될 수 있으며, 구두의 쾌적성 및 기능성 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대한다.