• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 상대적으로 정체된 환경인 시화 인공습지와 조석에 의한 흐름이 존재하는 강화도 갯벌에서 혐기성 유기물 분해능과 분해경로 중 황산염 환원과 철 환원의 상대적 중요성에 대해 비교하고, 조절요인으로서 퇴적물 상층수 흐름의 중요성을 토의하였다. 퇴적토 상층수의 흐름이 존재하지 않는 시화 인공습지의 공극수에서 $CO_2$, $NH_4{^+}$, 및 $H_2S$의 농도가 강화도 갯벌에 비해 각각 3 배, 20 배 및 3배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 퇴적물의 산화-환원의 정도를 알 수 있는 Fe(III)와 총 환원된 황의 농도 비는 강화도 갯벌이 시화 인공습지에 비해 12배 이상 높은 값을 나타내어 강화도 갯벌이 시화 인공습지에 비해 상대적으로 산화된 상태인 것을 알 수 있었다. 혐기성 유기물 분해능은 강화도 갯벌 ($0.039mM\;C\;h{-1}$)이 시화 인공습지 ($0.0001mM\;C\;h{-1}$) 보다 약 390배 높은 값을 보이고 있다. 유기물 분해경로에서 황산염 환원력은 시화인공습지 ($314{\sim}580nmol\;cm^{-3}\; d{-1}$)가 담수습지임에도 불구하고 강화도 갯벌 ($2{\sim}769nmol\;cm^{-3}\; d{-1}$)과 같은 높은 값을 나타낸 반면, 철 환원력은 강화도 갯벌 ($0.1368{\mu}mol\;cm^{-3}\;d{-1}$)이 시화 인공습지 ($0.087{\mu}mol\;cm^{-3}\;d{-1}$) 보다 약 1.7배 높은 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 시화 인공습지에서는 전자수용체가 적절히 공급되지 못하고 있음을 나타내며, 이의 개선을 위해서는 강화도 갯벌의 조석과 같은 상층수의 흐름을 조절하는 것이 필수적인 사항으로 인식되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2009

The Shihwa constructed wetland was established for the treatment of severely poluted water from Banwoul, Donghwa and Samhwa streams. This study was focused on investigating the structure of epiphytic diatom communities on reed (Phragmites communis) planting area at Banwoul high wetland (3 stations) and low wetland (3 stations) from March to October 2005. The concentration of T-N of inlet stations from the streams were decreased by flowed through the wetland, but the concentration of T-P were increased at outflow part. Epiphytic diatoms on the reed were a total 109 taxa which were composed of 103 species, 5 varieties, 1 unidentified species. The standing crops were rapidly decreasing tendency from spring to autumn but chlorophyll-a concentration were showed a very irregulated changes. Dominant species were 6 taxa which were Achnanthes minutissima in the early investigation, and were changed to the genus Navicula and the genus Nitzschia in the summer. DAIpo were ranged the values of $20.2{\sim}51$, which were mesosaprobic states at the high wetland and ranged the values of $12.4{\sim}52$, which were polysaprobic to mesosaprobic states at the low wetland. TDI were ranged the values of $28.8{\sim}94.5$, which were oligotrophic to eutrophic state at the high wetland and ranged the values of $33.3{\sim}89.7$ which were mesotrophic to eutrophic states at the low wetland. The healthy assessment (DAIpo and TDI) of water ecosystem were showed clean-bad from spring to autumn. These epiphytic diatom communities were determinated by the biological factor such as the growth of reed and the physical factors such as water temperature, light penetration and SS and so on.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2004

The Shihwa wetland, a newly developed constructed wetland prototype in Korea with an area of approximately 104 ha, was established to improve the water quality severely polluted inflow streams into Lake Shihwa. Because this wetland could play a role as an ecological park in addition to improving the water quality, an ecological impact of the Shihwa constructed wetland has been a national concern. This paper focused on reporting the survey results for fauna among the entire investigation results for 3 years. A total of 129 terrestrial insect species have been observed from August 2001 to June 2002. Among them, Ischnura asiatica (Brauer) (order Odonata), Scymnus species (order Coleoptera) and Orthopteran species were frequently found in the reed bushes. A total of 77 bird species were recorded in a seasonal count, the maximum number of species was 34 in winter and the maximum number of individuals was 4,599 in summer. For the freshwater fish, only 4 species were found in 2000, however in 2001 and 2002, 12 species and 459 individuals were collected at four survey points. Among these 12 species, the dominant species were Mugil cephalus(36%), followed by Carassius auratus (25%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (22%). Meanwhile,12 individuals of Oryzias latipes were observed nearby, mostly downstream of the wetland. For the Herpetofauna at four survey areas, 3 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles were recorded. Because of remaining salinity in the soil of the Shiwha constructed wetland, Herpetofauna inflow to the wetland was scanty and mainly inhabited the upstream area. A total of 8 mammal species were recorded. Small-sized species were the striped field mouse, the Ussurian harvest-mouse, the Manchurian reed vole and the brown rat. Middle- and large-sized species were Korean water-deer, Korean raccoon dogs, Korean yellow weasels and feral cats.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

Water quality and the distribution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were characterized in constructed wetland of Shihwa lake. Both physico-chemical parameters and fecal indicator microorganisms including total coliforms, E.coli, Enterococcus spp. were measured. In addition, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was carried out after PCR amplification of amoA gene from input, output, and wetland sites of the Banwol, Donghwa, and Samhwa stream in Shihwa lake area. Physico-chemical parameters were in proper range for typical nitrifying bacteria to grow and perform their biological activities. Average concentrations of fecal indicator microorganisms of wetland samples were lower than those of input sites. These results suggested that microbial water quality improved by the process of constructed wetland. According to phylogenetic information obtained from DGGE from study sites, distribution of nitrifying bacteria from each of input, output, and wetland were generally distinctive one another. In addition, distribution of nitrifying bacteria between Banwol and Donghwa streams showed higher similarity (52.6%) than this of Samhwa stream (15.2%). These results indicated that characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in Samhwa were unique in comparison with those of Banwol and Donghwa stream.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권3호통권117호
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• pp.402-412
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• 2006

오염된 하천 수질 정화를 위해 조성된 시화 인공습지에 식재된 갈대 부착조류 군집 동태를 규명하기 위해 5개의 정점을 선정하여 2001년 10월부터 2002년 6월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 상류 하천에서 유입된 영양염류는 갈대군락을 관류하면서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 총질소에 대한 총인의 비가 모든 정점에서 16 이상을 상회하여 본 조사수역은 인이 제한 영양염으로 작용하는 것으로 추정된다. 갈대 부착조류는 295종, 13변종, 3품종 및 18미동정종으로 구성된 총 329종류가 출현하였다. 출현종의 구성은 녹조강-규조강-남조강-유글레나강-황갈조강의 순으로 조사되었다. 분류군별 종 구성비는 정점 간에 약간의 차이는 있지만 전반적으로 조사기간 동안 남조강-규조강-녹조강으로 변화되었다. 엽록소 a 농도는 하천수 유입지점인 정점 1과 3에 비해 관류된 후 지점인 정점 2와 4에서 높게 나타났다. 총 16종류의 우점종이 조사되었으며, 조사 초기에는 Lyngbya angusta 등 남조강이 출현하였고, 조사 후기인 봄과 여름철에는 Stigeoclonium lubricum 등 녹조강과 Nitzschia palea 등 규조강이 우점종으로 나타났다. 갈대 부착조류의 종 다양성 및 현존량은 하천수 유입 정점보다 습지 관류 후에 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데 이것은 습지를 관류하면서 부유물질 등이 습지를 통해 제거됨으로서 부착조류의 생육조건을 개선시킨 것으로 사료된다.