• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.613-624
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the characteristic of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations in Shiwha area, which were measured using the Open-path FTIR Gas Analyzer. The passive samplers were set for a certain period of time to obtain the average concentration of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and styrene. In addition, VOCs concentration contour maps were constructed using the Tecplot program to illustrate the VOCs concentration distribution. The residential area showed higher concentrations than the industrial area. And the summer had higher concentration value than the winter. Also, we confirmed that the VOCs concentrations ranged from 2 to several tens ppb in the vicinity of an industry than diffused VOC concentration, whereas those ranged from 0 to 5 ppb in most other areas. It was conferred that the wind change with seasons significantly affects the distribution of VOCs concentrations such as a northwesterly wind in the winter or a southwestern wind in the summer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

The effects of a green buffer zone to protect a residential area from air pollution from industrial facilities and traffic was examined by analyzing the case of a green buffer zone in the Shiwha industrial complex. The green buffer zone is 175 m wide. The intent was to assess the dispersion patterns of atmospheric air pollutants and the reduction in concentration around the green buffer zone. To measure atmospheric sulfur dioxide$(SO_2)$ and nitrogen dioxide$(NO_2)$ concentration, badge-type passive samplers were used and set up at 76 locations in order to measure the concentration of air pollutants with respect to the spatial dispersion. The weighted mean values of $SO_2\;and\;NO_2$ concentration were $3\~57 ppb\;and\;18\~62 ppb$ and the differences among the green buffer zone, the industrial area and the residential areas were $0.7\~1.1 ppb$. Mean values of atmospheric concentrations of $NO_2$ were similar in industrial and, residential areas and the green buffer zone. Results of the study show that the effect of the green buffer zone on reducing the dispersion of air pollutants was very low. This study also recommends that micro-climate, i.e., wind direction should be considered as a factor for planning and design of green buffer zones.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 1999

Anoxic sediments collected from Shiwha-ho area were used to find the relationship between the heavy-metal, organic content and anaerobic respiration bacteria by most probable number (MPN) method. Analysis of the sediments showed that COD content was higher in the sediments collected from Ansan-cheon and Shiwha-ho than those collected from sea area nearby. Particularly noticeable was the fact that heavy metal concentration was much higher in the sediments of Shiwha-ho area contaminated by heavy-metal, although they were rich in electron donor and electron acceptor for Fe(III)-reducing bacteria using lactate as an electron donor was in the range of 1.1$\times$106-4.6$\times$107MPNs/ml in the sediments collected from the sea-side of the lake, which were lower in heavy-methal concentration and higher in Fe-Mn content than those from other region. The number of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria using acetate as an electron donor was in the rang eof 4.3$\times$102-8.1$\times$105MPNs/ml in the same sediments. Chromate-reducing bacteria were more populated(4.6$\times$104-8.1$\times$105MPNs/ml) in the sediments contaminated by heavy metals. The number of sulfate-reducing bacteria wee counted in the sediments collected from the more contaminate inner-side than those from the sea-side of the lake.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shiwha area and compared the characteristics of both industrial area and residential area. The passive samplers were set 6 times each for a month in 21 locations at industrial and residential area to obtain 6 VOCs including benzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene and stylene. Above all, toluene was the most abundant VOCs in the ambient air both in industrial and residential area. Average TVOC concentration of industrial area was 1.86 times higher than that of residential area, and it was greatly reduced in winter compared with summer. Furthermore, the average BTEX concentrations showed that all concentrations of industrial area were 1.94~5.39 times higher than those of residential area except benzene which were similar to each other. In winter, the concentration of ethyl benzene and xylene were significantly decreased by comparing with summer: but benzene concentrations were increased. Also, BTEX relative ratio was as follows: toluene>benzene>ethylbenzene>xylene. Correlation coefficients among VOCs were confirmed that VOCs in ambient air of industrial area were generally more related to each other than that of residential area. On the whole, the concentrations of VOCs in industrial area were higher, and it seems to be potential that industrial area affects the distribution of VOCs to residential area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.33-35
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5957-5962
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• 2011

In this study, the values of the four kinds of cone factors($N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$, $N_{{\Delta}u}$, and recently proposed $N_e$) and the soil properties, for the northeastern part of Shiwha area, were investigated. The measured and calculated undrained strengths, which have been obtained from the various experimental data, were compared with each other, and their relationship with the plastic index was also studied. The strength from the $N_{{\Delta}u}$ method was unexpectedly not reasonable and the higher values of cone factors were observed with the larger plastic index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

In order to analyze the flow and pollutant runoff characteristics of industrial area, SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) was applied. The model was calibrated based on the measured data in the waterway of Sihwa industrial complex during six events, 2008-2009. The build-up process of pollutants is expressed as Power-linear form and washoff as Power-Exponential form. The validated model was used to analyze the change of the runoff characteristics in the industrial area. In the study area, runoff flow is decreased with an increase in impervious area, but there is no significant change in peak time. The results of this study will be used as basic information of impervious area reduction and watershed management in industrial areas.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the high ozone concentration in Shiwha Banwol indusrial complex. High pollution episodes (ozone alert) of this area are the results of geographical location and its air pollutants emission. This research has used meteorological model (RAMS) and photochemical air pollution Model (CIT model). As first step of the evaluate of this combined model system simulations are done in terms of meteorological characteristics like wind fields, PBL-height, etc.. Numerical simulations are carried out with real meteorological synoptic data on June. 24-25, 2010. In comparison with real measurement and another research the model reflects well local meteorological phenomena and shows the possibility to be utilized to analyse the pollutant dispersion over irregular terrain region. The high ozone concentration is deeply correlated to the ambient air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation. Local meteorological phenomena like sea-land breeze impact on horizontal dispersion of ozone. This analysis of meteorological characteristics can, in turn, help to predict their influences on air quality and to manage the high ozone episodes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 1996

Raclamaton of tidal flats has been practiced in Korea since the fifteenth century mainly for agiculatural porposes. The total area of reclaimed lands in 1994was estimated to be 400 k$m^2$ which corresponds to 2% of the national farm land. Recently, reclamation has been undertaken extensively, and such a huge projects as Samemankum Development will add over 401k$m^2$ by 2004. The impact of coastal reclamation on the environment is enormous. Most of them are presumably instrumental in causing local changes of coastal ecology. Reclamation is expected to be undertaken continuosly and adverse effects are expected. The authors ineended to identify the impacts of reclamation on the study area, to seek the causes of the environmental prolems of Shiwha-District Reclamation, and to analyze ite Environmental Impact Assessment to for environmentally sound sustained development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.406-411
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• 2012

The undrained strength of soils is open determined from the results of the piezocone penetration. The reliability of the value of the undrained strength lies on the cone factor value, whose evaluation needs a lot of experimental data and investigation for each site. In this study, the cone factors were evaluated for the northeastern part of Shiwha area in Gyunggi province using the experimental data of the field vane, unconfined compression, and UU triaxial compression tests. The values of the conventional cone factors $N_{kt}$, $N_{ke}$, $N_{{\Delta}u}$, and the new factor $N_e$ were determined to be 12, 11, 3, and 13, respectively. It was observed that there is a remarkable relationship between $N_{{\Delta}u}$ and the pore pressure ratio Bq.