• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.26-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is the Tibetan folk costumes'characteristics and change of design in stage. The subjects are the Tibetan costumes in the Spring Festival Gala of CCTV. The basic characteristics of Tibetan folk costumes are fat waist, long sleeves, overlap, and right ren. Tibetan costumes consist of Tibetan gowns, aprons, shirts, belts, Tibetan hats, headgear, ornaments, all of these compose the traditional image of the Tibetan people. Because of the long-term closed survival, the development of Tibetan costumes has no much vertical differences and changes. The costumes of Weizang(衛藏), Ali(阿里), Gongbu(工布), Kham(康巴), Amdo(安多) have different features which are divided according to different dialects. Study the changes of design Tibetan stage costumes from 25times, we can get that during the 1986~1992, people emphasis on the activities of dancers, styles are simple, just to grasp the characteristics of the Tibetan costumes. In the 1993~1999, the dancers put on the real-life Tibetan clothing on stages. By the 2000s to now, Tibetan stage costumes have much more changes in forms and colors which are more complete and complex. The types of Tibetan costumes include Tibetan all clothing, they all express the changed forms and colors without exception. So in this period are artistic Tibetan folk costumes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.856-865
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• 2010

Many efforts to develop the domestic fashion industry have continued under the influence of a rapidly changing fashion industry environment. The fashion industry has emerged as a future growth industry leading lifestyle and as a core industry for the culture biz. Since the 2000's the markets that combined party and fashion wear as a new cultural trend has grown and an in-depth study of design development for party wear is required. This study presents basic materials for design development for the future domestic woman character casual brand prior to the design development by analyzing design characteristics of domestic female character casual brands. In the research methods, nine brands were selected based on the discussion of ten fashion specialists and then the brand concept, target, configuration of items, price, and design characteristics were analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. First, each brand concentrated the main focus on establishing a clear and unique brand identity that meets the needs of consumers to enhance competitiveness in the woman's dress market. To enhance competitiveness, many character casual brands targeting women aged 20's and 30's (including BEART) held party wear goods exhibitions as the market for party wear has increased significantly. Second, according to study results of the selected nine brand designs, it was found that the style characteristic of each brand varies depending on concept. However, all nine brand designs developed various styles such as feminine and cute style making use of laces, ruffles, A line silhouette, colorful motifs, and a stylish style that used layers with various materials along with unique decorations based on romantic emotions. Third, seven hundred and thirty eight pictures of nine brands were analyzed by items without identifying brands. According to the result of the analysis, the percentage of items used by brands was as follows: a one-piece dress was 34.5%, jacket 25.7%, skirt and pants 15.5%, blouse and shirt 13.6%, and tops 10.6%. The result showed that one-piece dresses accounted for the highest percentage. Frill accounted for 16.6%, the highest percentage followed by ribbons at 16% in regards to detail and trimming.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2006

This study aimed to investigate the sociocultural phenomena which affected to clothing change in 1650-1900 and to examine the features of men's necktie in the western art. For this study, information about historic neckwear is obtained from the visual evidence of painted or engraved portraits, contemporary written sources. The covered area of this study was Europe mainly England and France. For this process, research steps were as follows : 1. Investigating the sociocultural phenomena which affect to clothing change through 1650-1900 and analysis of men's clothing and appearance. 2. Finding the changing characteristics of neckties including it's different types, shapes, knots, colors and materials and analyzing similarities and differences of neckties by the times. 3. Examining necktie as one of important and representative icons of male gender identity. The results of the study was as follows: 1. In 1660-1900, men's fashion was simplified in color and detail due to the influence of practical Puritanism and matured civil culture. And British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and get popularity. 2. In 1650-1720, there were band, cravat and steinkirk. And expecially cravatier, a expert custodian of cravats, was appeared in that period. In 1720-1800, there were stock, solitaire and cravat. In 1800-1850, neckwear were popularized and got various sizes and types up to shape and size of chemise collars. Black stock, scarf cravat and shawl cravat were popular and terms of 'necktie' were used for an certain neckcloth shape. And abundant literature for necktie were published thanks to the development of printing technology in that period. In 1851-1900, the leady-made neckties were spreaded and there were changes in shape, length, knot of necktie up to V-zone formed with shirt's collars and vest types. Neckwear was gradually evolving through four distinct styles, bow tie, scarf or neckerchief, Ascot and four-in-hand. 3. After the mid-l7th Century, as civil culture matured and splendid and extravagant colorful men's wear disappeared, British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and got popularity. The necktie become an essential ornamental accessory of men's fashion and one of important and representative icons of male gender identity.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2002

In the middle of economic and mental riches in the 21st century, the importance of well being and the pursuit of happiness are emerging as the new trend. Thus the lifestyle that values comfortable and practical naturalness and intrinsic merits has come to influence the human life rather than the old showing-off and formal desire. In addition to this, the spread of the five day week has given more leisure time, which has led to the increasing interest in health and leisure. The interest in sports has skyrocketed since the successful holding of the 2002 Korea and Japan World Cup event. All these changes to the lifestyle have contributed to the fusion of luxury wear and sports wear. As the result of the consumers in the 21st century having more classified and upgraded way of living thanks to the settlement of the above-mentioned lifestyle and the enlargement of the leisure sports culture, there has appeared the wellness kin, who value the importance of life and the nature and believe in the idea that they can reconstruct the environment in the way they can enjoy their lifestyle and pursue happiness. They favor healthy fashion items and think much of exercise, nutrition, and rest. They pursue the natural and comfortable style, whose ideas came from simple exercises such as health training and yoga and the easy and comfortable look observed at resorts. Their fashion style can be divided into three of fitness fashion, yoga fashion and resort fashion. First, the boxer fashion is characterized by the relaxing design and practicality. The major items of the fashion include running shirt-styled upper clothes, training pants, hooded shirts and sneakers. Simple and comfortable look should be induced from the combination of the items. Second, the yoga fashion was motivated by the comfortable yoga wear. It advocates stress-free spirit and comfortable and stable naturalism. Along with the advantages of the good feeling to wear and the functionality to help exercise better, the yoga fashion gives the wearer enough room to move around in, using the unique lines. Third, the resort wear refers to the kinds of clothes you tend to wear at the beach and the park. There are various kinds of the resort look; bathing suits, the beach wear you can wear with the bathing suit, the resort evening wear, the full-side look that you try on top of the bathing suit and is made of the same material of the bathing suit, and the marine look, the symbol of the summer. In short, the study attempted to investigate many trends occurring as the result of human recent increasing interest and concern in the quality of life, and the impacts of them on the fashion world. This kind of research that examines the background of the times and society will help to grasp with the fashion trends of the present and the future. And more studies should be conducted on the development of new and original design in clothes fashion, which reflects the characteristics identified in this kind of research.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.460-476
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was, accordingly, to examine male college student's general body consciousness and their actual condition of wearing clothing, as it's assumed that clothing, which everyone must always wear, might be effective in making up for the physical defect. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. Male College Students'Body Consciousness : They expressed some dissatisfaction with their own body, and they were most discontented with their height, among their bodies. They thought of the western-style shape as an ideal one, as what's considered by them to be ideal was thinner a little than them, being taller with wider shoulder, longer legs, smaller and white face. 2. Male College Students'Characteristics of Clothing Purchasing Behavior : In purchasing clothing, male college students were slightly sensitive about the physical part with which they wasn't satisfied. The clothing pattern preferred by them was an abstract one, and their favorite color was white or black. The greatest number of them put most emphasis on design in buying clothing, and they purchased clothing mainly at special fashion shop. On the whole, they showed an affirmative response toward wearing Korean costume, and they also had a positive opinion about the purchase of reformed Korean dress for everyday life. 3. Male College Students'Characteristics of Wearing Clothing : They appeared not to consider making up for physical weakness. Male college students favored aloha shirt and trousers when they went out. Male college students purchase clothing in consideration of individual, manly, classical, tender, or comfortable factors. 4. Relationship of Body Consciousness to Wearing Behavior : The degree to which they considered covering up physical weakness in wearing clothing was examined, by dividing them into two groups : one was a group that thought their own shape normal, and the other was a group that didn't think of their own shape as normal. As a result, both groups appeared not to consider covering up physical weakness.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.774-780
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to better assess and understand current needs and wearing sensation, including clothing behavior for early elderly women in the Korea and USA. The subjects in this study were 135 and 173 early elderly women in the Korea and USA. This research was done by a survey method and chi-square test. The major objectives of this study were as follows; First, it was found that the early elderly women of Korea utilize mostly human information as information source when purchasing clothing, whereas those of USA mostly media information. The women of Korea were found to put most emphasis in esthetic aspects of clothing, whereas those of USA in comfort. The most frequently worn clothes by the early elderly women of Korea were jumper, T-shirt and slacks, whereas jacket, sweater and slacks by those of USA. As for skirt, flare skirt was highly preferred in Korea, whereas A-line skirt in USA. Second, regarding the wearing sensation of ready-made clothing, the wearing sensation of jacket was found to be worst on the shoulder in Korea, whereas on the waist in USA. And the early elderly women of both Korea and USA had poor wearing sensations due to the length of sleeve, of trouser, of skirt and of one-piece dress. The comparison of the clothing behavior and wearing sensation of the early elderly women between Korea and USA showed a greater difference in clothing behavior than in wearing sensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.621-634
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• 2011

This study analyzed the influencing factors on consumer purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping. In addition, based on consumer demographics, it compared the differences of purchase deferrals with respect to clothing items, prices, and types of shopping malls. For an empirical study, 405 questionnaires were answered by respondents in their 20s and 30s with internet clothing purchase deferral experience. Data were analyzed using: SPSS for Windows 12.0 and descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, $X^2$-test, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the order of items with many purchase deferrals in internet clothing shopping were casual T-shirt>casual skirts>pants, one-piece>suits>sportswear>blouse/shirts and 58.3% of purchase deferrals happened when the price was below \50,000. Second, the significant differences in products, prices, and shopping malls for purchase deferrals were identified according to consumer demographics. There were significant differences in clothing items according to gender, age, marriage, and education; however, there were significant differences only according to gender in terms of price. There were significant differences according to gender, age, marriage, education, and income in terms of the used shopping malls. Third, for the analysis of the influence of diverse factors that can affect purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping, the more information search, purchase deferral habits, perceived risks, and deficiency in shopping mall supply conditions were when higher purchase deferrals occurred. For a strong competitive online market, this study can help internet clothing shopping mall entrepreneurs manage products and customers by analyzing the lists of purchase deferrals indicated in "cart" and by administrating the influential factors for purchase deferral.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.406-413
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• 2005

This study performed the evaluation of skin temperature, heart rate, temperature and relative humidity of microclimate, and subjective sensation, such as thermal sensation, wet sensation and comfort sensation to estimate physiological responses of the human body and its comfortable feeling to the vitamin E fabric. Experiments were performed on the five healthy adult women whose average age was 21, at climate chamber in which temperature, relative humidity and air current were set up below $30{\pm}\;1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}\;15\%$ and 0.2m/s, respectively. Two kinds of clothes were used for experiments: unfinished sports clothes, with the same form and the same size, of short-sleeved knit shirt and long trousers made with $100\%$ cotton, and finished sports clothes printed with the vitamin E solution of the level of $0.88\%$. Exercises of walking (about 105 steps/minute) with the exercise intensity of 2.5 were performed for 20 minutes using treadmill. In result, the study showed significant difference (p<0.01) in average skin temperature between unfinished and finished sport clothes, and represented higher value with having unfinished sport clothes in wear than with finished one. The study also showed significant difference (p<0.01) in heart rate only during the period of exercise, and represented higher value generally with unfinished sport clothes than with finished one. There were significant differences not only in temperature of microclimate (p<0.01) but also in humidity of microclimate (p<0.05) between two sport clothes. As for the evaluation of subjective sensation, the study showed significant difference (p<0.05) in thermal sensation between the two kinds of sport clothes, significant difference in wet sensation only during the period of exercise, and significant difference (p<0.05) in comfort sensation only during the period of recovery.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.481-494
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• 2003

The Gamrotenghwa of the Choson Dynasty is a unique genre of buddhist painting in that the destiny of the dead souls and the guidance to nirvana are expressed in reality. More than 50 of the Gamrotenghwa are known to be present, and the lower part of the paintings includes a wide assortment of folk customary scenes reflecting the social life style of the time when the painting was drawn, such as difficulties in life. public life, punishment and war. Changes in the costume of the people shown on the customary scenes of the Gamrotenghwa according to the time based changes in painting style were investigated in this study. The results are summarized in three points. First, the costumes of bureaucrats showed a tendency of preservation without any major changes in the painting. On the other hand, costumes of public and entertainer in the scenes were very close to those worn by the people at that time. The realistic description of public life in the painting may establish the value of the Gamrotenghwa as the historical documents. Second, the costume of the people in the painting showed a dual structure as the social positions; bureaucrats wore various official hats, large coats and belts to expose their social prestige. while the general public wore simple and convenient clothing which is divided into shirt and pants. The dual structure of the costume in the painting is in well accordance with that of the later period of Choson dynasty, suggesting that the customary scenes in the painting represent the social life style of the period. Finally, the customary scenes in the Gamrotenghwa are very variegated. which shows a variety of beauty of wearing even though they look coarse in a sense. The diversity of wearing beauty in the picture may contribute to the recreation of the beauty of shape in the new design of Hanbok.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the color characteristics of preferred summer clothing textiles, such as shirts, blouse, slacks and skirt. 109 male and female college students evaluated the preference to clothing textiles in previous research and top 10 kinds of textiles were chosen for each clothing item. To analyze the color characteristics of preferred textiles, spectral data were measured with spectrophotometer. By the results, color and color tone, value of L, a, b according to clothing item and season were compared. Chromaticity diagram was drawn, too. The results of this study are as following: 1. Color characteristics of shirts textile college student preferred for summer was PB color and p tone. The textile, in general, represented simple color that is close to achromatic color with light and soft shade. 2. The most preferred color of blouse textiles was G color and It, d tone. The color characteristics of blouse textiles represented stronger and more brilliant than those of shirts. 3. For slacks, colors of preferred summer textiles were mostly B, YR color and p, It.g, dk tone. Therefore, preferred textiles for slacks represented simple bluish or brownish color that is close to achromatic color with light or dark shade. 4. The most preferred color of skirt textiles were Y, R color and It tone. Skirt textiles had various colors compared to slacks. 5. College students generally prefer simple cold color that is close to achromatic color, because shirts and slacks have high frequency of wearing. In color tone, light and soft tone were preferred for shirts, and for slacks, they preferred light or dark tone. Comparatively, blouse and skirt which have low frequency of wearing represented various colors which contain more brilliant and stronger toned warm colors. 6. By the result of analyzing L, a, b value, shirts and blouse textiles showed higher L value than those of slacks and skirt. The textiles preferred by college students were generally close to achromatic color, because values of a, b were very low. This was confirmed with the result of chromaticity diagram. 7. In pattern of preferred textiles, solid textile were preferred mostly for shirt, blouse, skirt and slacks, and stripe pattern was preferred secondly.