• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.431-438
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analyze maritime piracy and its economic implications with particular attention to attacks registered in the Gulf of Aden, The paper also aims to investigate how the International community, along with Sovereign States, should allocate resources in order to make the seas a safer place and describe how closely inter-related maritime piracy, preventive and punitive measures put in place by Governments are. Elements of economics and ergonomics are taken into account in order to properly investigate the major legal issues relating to maritime security. The paper proposes a cost-benefit analysis in order to investigate in theory what is the rationale behind engaging in criminal behavior and recommend some solutions to the issue to be undertaken by the International community. It is concluded that in order to cost effectively fight piracy, a mix of more coordinated National and International laws, standardized and increased punishment levels among jurisdictions and extended patrol controls are needed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.217-228
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• 2020

The selection factors of service companies have changed in accordance with intensifying competition in the marine transportation service market and environment changes of transportation services. To explore the important factors of customer choice to marine transportation service, this study empirically examines the influence of these selection factors; service provision area, price competitiveness, corporate image, service expertise, and sales support, on transaction continuity through customers' perceived service value and satisfaction. Based on an online survey with those in the Korean marine transportation industry, this study conducted statistical analyses using structural equation modeling. Based on relevant previous studies, the current study constructed a total of 55 survey questions. Finally, 213 questionnaires were collected. Among the five selection factors, corporate image did not affect perceived service value, and price competitiveness was still the most important factor. However, service expertise and sales support were found to be more important factors than regional factors. In order to maintain transaction continuity, shipping companies should also strive to improve their service quality to their customers. In particular, service quality strategies focused on time and regional factors should develop to strategies with the key factors for the changed business environment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-97
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• 2004

Nowadays port has changed so rapidly as other economic variables. The main issues of these changes are classified with some problems such as the progress of containerization and enlargement of ship size and its speed, the introduction and expansion of EDI system, and the inducement of private capital in port development. Therefore, the competition among ports is severer than before, especially in container cargos. Almost all ports try to strengthen their competitive power and enlarge their port performance and throughput through many kinds of efforts and strategies. Port marketing is important approach and methods in order to make understand port and make call on their ports, of course, realizing the importance of port for the regional economics and employment generation. In this paper, the various marketing concepts are redefined and applied in terms of port and shipping service with which marketing is not so much popular and familiar. After many diagnoses and investigations are executed with special logistical viewpoints and attention, this paper suggests some countermeasures of port marketing in the angles of 4Ps. The strategies and countermeasures are classified in 3 stages according to their broadness and specificity. The privatization of port and port competition need the renovation and rationalization of traditional port activities and old port operation customs. Although this paper suggest many ideas with focusing Busan port, these ideas will be used in other ports. I think it is necessary further study concerned this topics and some limitations which this paper contains.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.416-428
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• 2008

In the end of 2007, Korea Government promulgated the Rule of 'Basic Act of Logistics Policy' for improving international logistics forwarding business. The goals of these rules are to achieve the development of our nation's economics for providing the security and efficiency of logistics system and enforced competition of logistics enterprises. This is established the basic principles of the legal basis for expanding into the Logistics Hub Center of North-east Asia. However In May 1999 new licensing requirements for ocean freight forwarders and NVOCCs operating in the USA were established by the US Federal Maritime Commission(FMC). Due to these regulations, each ocean transportation service provider in the USA acting as ocean freight forwarder, NVOCCs, or NVOCC agent must obtain a license to operate as Ocean Transportation Intermediary(OTI) before it begins operations. Only licensed OTIs may act as US transportation agents or receiving agents of other NVOCCs, on both US exports and imports. In this context, I think this study will be contributes for the development of korean freight forwarding system by analysis and comparing with between the Rule of the Basic Act of Logistics Policy of Korea and OTI freight forwarder & NVOCCs of USA.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.737-746
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• 2020

A new business venture faces intense competition in a dynamic environment. To survive, new business ventures and established companies both need to generate creativity and significant new ventures to be highly competitive and have high levels of performance. In this study, we examined new business ventures that determined their competitiveness and performance generated from entrepreneurial creativity and mediated by ambidextrous innovation. This research used survey data collected from 143 Indonesian's new business shipping agencies, which was collected using an online survey and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results showed that entrepreneurial creativity in new business ventures is positively associated with competitive advantage but not significant to create a competitive advantage. In contrast, entrepreneurial creativity is positively associated with firm performance. This result indicates that efforts to generate entrepreneurial creativity are not sufficient to create a competitive advantage despite having a significant influence on firm performance. However, entrepreneurial creativity is significantly and positively associated with firm performance and competitive advantage when mediated by ambidextrous innovation. The findings of this study suggest that the competitive advantage of a new business venture in facing intense competition in a dynamic environment condition can be overcome by generating strategic action in the form of entrepreneurial creativity and ambidextrous innovation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2008

Recently, amount of cargoes from main ports in Northeast Asia have rapidly increased and as well surplus port development in same region corresponded with the boom in external trade that resulted from successful export-oriented economics strategy by China, Japan and South Korea. To cope with this business circumstances, a certain form of port alliance is desperately needed to provide a suitable service to customer and establish their countervailing power against the shipping alliance. Nevertheless, Incheon seaport has not made a definite port alliance system with main ports in Northern China yet. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the key success factors to form a port alliance through examining previous studies. We have benchmarked previous studies which are related to main ports in global region and the questionnaire on customers of ports. By studying this, we are able to suggest a few strategies for forming successful port alliance to enhance Incheon port's capabilities in the long term plan. As a policy proposal, this study suggests Incheon port and main ports in Northern China should construct a logistics infrastructure through mutual investment and provide an incentive system when the ocean carrier makes port call to both ports.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.711-721
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• 2021

A firm's competitive advantage generating from empowering its dynamic capabilities is very important for established companies and new business ventures in facing intense competition and in responding to unanticipated environmental changes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dynamic capabilities of a new business venture and its competitive advantage and the effect of entrepreneurial creativity and ambidextrous innovation mediation on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and the competitive advantage of a new business venture. Data was collected using an online survey from 143 new Indonesian shipping agency companies that spread over two-thirds of Indonesia's territory and was analyzed using structural equations modeling (SEM). The results showed that the dynamic capabilities of new business ventures are positively associated with competitive advantage but not significantly. This result indicates that empowering a new business venture's dynamic capability is not sufficient to generate a competitive advantage. However, a new business venture's dynamic capability is significantly and positively associated with the competitive advantage when mediated by entrepreneurial creativity and ambidextrous innovation. The findings of this study suggest that the competitive advantage of a new business venture can be gained from empowering a firm's dynamic capabilities through mediating entrepreneurial creativity and ambidextrous innovation in facing intense competition and in responding to unanticipated environmental changes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.683-693
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• 2021

Shipping has become an important sector in supporting social, economic, government, defense, security, cultural and other sectors to unite separate islands and broad seas. Thus, ports automatically become an important facility in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to test and explain the effect of Organizational readiness for change, Service Innovation, and Corporate Image on Perceived opportunity and challenge. The research model with inferential analysis uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the WarpPLS approach, expected to answer the statements of problem and be able to test the desired hypothesis. The model development in this research was based on the background, statements of problem, conceptual framework and research hypotheses. The model referred to is "Complete and Comprehensive Port." Its development was carried out through studying and synthesizing various sources. The most important source is the results of literature review in the form of theoretical developments and research results, then continued with compilation. The use of Organizational Change Readiness, Service Innovation, and Corporate Image in improving Port Competitiveness is seen as one of the novelties of this research, specifically the use of the Organizational Change Readiness variable which is often used in high-flexibility companies but now used in port companies as well.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2022

Established and new companies face similar business challenges in achieving performance and competitiveness. Furthermore, several empirical studies using competitive advantage resource-based view theory show that established companies achieve performance and competitiveness with breakthrough innovations. Similarly, new business ventures with limited resources must incorporate breakthrough innovations to achieve performance and competitiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of ambidextrous innovation on new venture performance and competitiveness. It used an online survey to collect data from 178 newly established shipping agency companies in 22 provinces in Indonesia. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis with WarpPLS 7.0, where the analysis unit was an organization represented by a director. The results showed that ambidextrous innovation positively and significantly affects firm performance and new venture competitiveness. This means that ambidextrous innovation that emphasizes adaptation and development improves the firm's internal business processes, even with limited resources. Moreover, it increases new ventures' competitiveness in responding to threats and taking advantage of market opportunities. These results contribute to the competitive advantage resource-based view theory, specifically for new venture empirical examination. Also, they contribute to practical implications in the transportation business, demonstrating that exploitative breakthrough innovation can improve new venture competitiveness and performance.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-81
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• 2009

The purpose of this thesis was to analyze shopping orientations of adolescence and to understand the reasons of their dissatisfactions in purchasing garments at so-called internet malls. This study was to provide basic information helpful in clothing study by finding out dissatisfactory factors of adolescence purchasing clothes through internet malls. This survey was done among 273 students of 3 junior-high schools and 3 high schools within the boundary of Seoul and its suburb area, among which 265 of them were qualified as legitimate survey. The results were as follows. First, the youth shopping trends were divided into the 5 categories according to the basic trends. And the 5 categories were 'Convenience seeking', 'Peer-assimilating', 'Personality/trend worshipping', 'Passive and inactive', and 'Thrifty' The survey represented that girls showed higher garment assimilating rate and made better economic choices than boys did. The survey also showed that the highschool students used internet shopping mall in order to seek better prices. furthermore, the primary targets of the juvenile internet shopping were shoes and garments, which includes both upper and lower clothing. Second, The dissatisfaction factors of internet shopping were the 'Mismatch of the goods in the screen and those of the real life', 'Exchange/Refund', 'Qualify', 'Desigin and color', 'Shipping', and 'Size' in order of biggest to the smallest. The dissatisfaction rate was higher among the groups of 'Thrifty', 'Personality/Trend worshipping', 'Convenience seeking', girls and highschool goers.