• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.427-432
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mariner's situation awareness(SA) training on navigation performance using a full mission ship-handling simulator. For this purpose, the mariners were trained in terms of various aspects of SA. Independent variables such as risk levels of ship-to-ship collision, navigational route types of 'target ship(TS)', and number of ships around the own ship(OS) were systematically varied, and dependent variables of closest point of approach(CPA) between TS and OS, number of collision, types of collision-avoidance strategy were measured The results can be summarized as followings. First, training on mariner's SA appeared to induce improved performances in various aspects of ship handling. Second, mariners in the routine navigation situation where TS had priority following maritime rules seemed to suffer to prepare collision avoidance when the TS altered its route. However, this tendency greatly reduced after the training These results suggest the benefit of mariner's SA training on maritime safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.184-190
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• 2006

It is requested to be evaluated whether environmental change in marine traffic passage by maintenance work affect ship handling, safety, when re-design of traffic passage is planned. In the maintenance work, it is also important to evaluate the change of risk and also benefits. However, in a current evaluation index, it is difficult to evaluate the benefit. The recently developed safety index that is led by employing the Unsafe Ship-handling situations model (US-model) is able to estimate risk level of marine accident in a process of a ship handling. We have already reported the relation of the ratio of 10-3 in harbors (Yokohama, Kobe, and Osaka in Japan) [1]. In this study, we acquired the relation of the ratio between the US value and the marine accident at a narrow waterway; Kurushima Strait in Japan, using a ship handling simulator. And we experimented to estimate a marine accident reduction achieved by the maintenance work of the altered shape of passage.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.361-368
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• 2019

Aid to Navigation (AtoN) is the artificial facilities to facilitate the ship's safe navigation using light, shape, color, sound, and radio waves. IALA has developed and operated the educational course for expert groups for the design, deployment, and management of AtoN. Also, maritime educational institutes have operated various educational courses for safe navigation through the ship's operation and ECDIS curriculum for seafarers. However, education using the AtoN Simulator System is needed to prevent marine accidents caused by misunderstanding of the AtoN according to various topographical, environmental, and maritime traffic environments. In this study, the existing ship handling simulator and AtoN simulator were applied to develop educational modules for accurate understanding and application of AtoN in various environments, enhancing the quality of education from the existing theoretical point of view and improving practical use to maximize educational efforts.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.571-575
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• 2012

Berthing and unberthing maneuver is essential work for marine pilots and securing the safety against risks during the maneuver is more important than anything else. Moreover, the maneuvering environment in ports and harbors has changed rapidly and got worse due to development of a new port, the advent of a new type or large-sized ship, and the rapid increase in harbor traffic. As one of measures taken to cope with such changes in the maneuvering environment and for each pilot to improve his own maneuvering ability, this paper developed laptop-based ship-handling simulator which is readily available anytime and anywhere. This paper is to develop a conning display for ship's maneuvering and electronic chart based display widely used nowadays to represent a model ship's movement. The displays were arranged appropriately considering pilot age, easy handling by mouse, using a maximum screen, proper arrangement of rudder, engine, thruster, tug etc and representation of information. Up to now thirteen (13) model ships were developed based on real-ship, whose mathematical model is Japanese MMG & pilots' low speed maneuver.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.460-468
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• 2020

Research related to the technology developed for the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) is currently underway. Although one of those core technologies is collision-avoidance technology for ship operators at sea, no research has been done to objectively quantify its effectiveness. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an evaluation model to examine the collision-avoidance ability of MASS. Ship-control experts performed a ship-handling simulation for each ship encounter type using the Full Mission Ship-handling Simulator (FMSS). We used the resulting data and technical statistics, to develop an evaluation model that utilized FMSS to quantify the operational capability of the collision-avoidance technology. This evaluation model also can be used at sea to assess deck officers' ability to use the technology and to improve and develop other MASS technologies.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.782-790
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• 2006

The evaluation systems in SHS(Ship Handling Simulator) or ERS(Engine Room Simulator) give trainees the opportunity to feedback how they responded suggesting them the operation result by scores. If SHS and ERS are integrated each other by network to enable the synchronous training for both deck and engine officers these systems need to include inherently the function of integrated evaluation which produces the evaluation score for the team play of deck and engine officers. The integrated evaluation is effective especially when assessing the responses at emergency situation of ship or the matter of efficiency of ship operation even if assessors feel difficult in editing simulation scenarios for integrated evaluation. This study focuses on the property of integrated evaluation and considerations when editing them. It suggests also a useful procedure to estimate whether a scenario for integrated evaluation is reasonable and balanced or not based on the analysis in the proprieties and reasonabilities which are to be prepared by assessors before testing trainees or examinees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2005

In order to effective transportation of goods & smooth traffic in west sea area, it is a plan to build Pyeongtaek bridge. Basically ship-handling operators have a mental difficulty and hazardous for navigation under bridge which is constructed across on the fairway. Therefore this study aims to propose the traffic safety assessment of navigation under the bridge by using full mission ship-handling simulator and also investigate the bridge design regulations of certain countries on the fairway.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

Now AIS (Automatic Identification System) has been under full operation for ocean-going vessels, and it is expected not only to identify target ships but also to take collision avoidance using AIS information with Radar and ARFA information in restricted waters. AIS information is very useful not only for target identifications but also for taking collision avoidance, but OOW (Officer OF Watch-keeping) should take care of systematic observation of AIS because of miss-operation or malfunction of AIS. In this paper, we propose the application of Onboard Ship Handling Simulator with visual system displayed 3D scene added AIS performance such as blind areas of Island, microwave propagation, ok. and maneuvering simulation using TK models, applied real time AIS information and research the effectiveness of this system for ship handling in restricted waters, and discus the principal issues through the on board experiments. Conclusion will be expected that; 1) systematic observation of ASS information using visual scene simulator with AIS information will be effectively done, 2) observation compared with Radar and ARPA information will be also useful to make a systematic observation, 3) using the recording and replay function of simulation will be useful not only for systematic observation but also to measure and to encourage officers' skill.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.465-472
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• 2015

SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) guidelines for a ship's GHG reduction include a machinery modification of hull, an installation of energy efficiency enhanced attachment in hardware methods. It is also possible to bring a ship energy efficiency improvement by fuel-efficient operations or in other software methods. Hardware modification or installation on ship can bring financial burdens to a ship company compared to its improvement expectation. On the other hand, Software based energy-saving technology can be applicable on various ship types, and it is also expected high efficiency of ship energy use compared to hardware based technology in perspective of the investment costs and efficiency. In this paper, it is described that the ship handling simulator based evaluation was carried out using representative ship model of bulk, container and VLCC. Simulation environments were separated into 6 conditions according to the sea-state and weather condition, and the operation results were compared with those before and after energy saving system applied The container ship showed the largest FOC save rate after energy saving system applied although the others also showed energy save rate after using the system.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the motion characteristics of two ships according to the ship's dimension using Ship Handling Simulator. When the panamax container ship passes the smaller ship, peak point and patterns of interaction forces for the moored ship are noticeable. Accordingly, special attention should be paid to the movements of moored ship because surge force and yaw moment changes in the opposite direction before and after condition of ship's beam. However, when the container ship passes the larger moored ship in reverse, peak point stood out on the passing ship at the beginning of ship-to-ship interaction and attraction force on the passing ship occurred steadily during 1L(length overall of passing ship) interval at a point of beam. In addition, as the lateral distance between the hull of two ships decreases less than 2B(breadth of passing ship), interaction forces on the passing ship at the beginning are sharply increase.