• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for the thoracic limb joint reference angles in Shih Tzu dogs and to describe the standardized CT methodology for measuring the joint reference angle of the humerus. Five pairs of thoracic limbs of Shih Tzu dogs were collected for the CT scans in this study. Three blinded observers measured the joint reference angle of the humerus and radius for each dog by using CT scans in the frontal, sagittal, and axial planes. The means (± SDs) for the average of the right and left humeral joint reference angles were as follows: mMPHA, 83.74 ± 3.95°; mLDHA, 85.04 ± 2.57°; mCaPHA, 46.75 ± 2.20°; mCrDHA, 79.47 ± 1.97°; and HTA, 19.16 ± 2.38°. Means (± SD) for the average of right and left of the radial joint reference angles were as follows: aMPRA, 85.04 ± 1.58°; aLDRA, 87.59 ± 1.37°; aCrPRA, 84.60 ± 1.46°; aCdDRA, 84.27 ± 1.79°; and RTA, 20.91 ± 3.00°. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the joint reference angles for the inter- and intraobserver reliability were good to excellent, except those for the mCrHA and HTA were moderate. Our results suggest that the method of measuring joint reference angles of other long bones by using CT can be applied to thoracic limbs and can extract valid values for one specific breed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.183-186
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• 2016

This study was performed to collect the basic data of DEA 1.1 in four small breed (Maltese, Shih-tzu, Poodle, Yorkshire terrier) and in three large breed (German shepherd, Labrador retriever and Jindo) dogs in the Daejeon area. 105 dogs from 7 breeds (Maltese=20, Shih-tzu=19, Poodle=15, Yorkshire terrier=11, German shepherd=10, Labrador retriever=10, Jindo=20) were selected and tested using the dog blood typing Kit$^{(R)}$ (Korea Animal Blood Bank Inc., South Korea). The prevalence of DEA 1.1 was 83%, that of DEA 1.2 was 17%, and there was no DEA (-) blood type identified in this study. Prevalence according to breeds was Maltese (DEA 1.1, 85%; DEA 1.2, 15%), Shih-tzu (DEA 1.1, 95%; DEA 1.2 5%), Yorkshire terrier (DEA 1.1, 91%; DEA 1.2, 9%), Labrador retriever (DEA 1.1, 90%; DEA 1.2, 10%). One hundred percent of DEA blood type 1.1 was discovered in all of the Poodles and German shepherds, and a higher prevalence of DEA 1.2 was found (DEA 1.1, 40%; DEA 1.2 60%) in Jindo dogs. The prevalence of DEA 1.2 in the Jindo dogs was significantly higher than in other breeds (P<0.01). German shepherds and Labrador retrievers may be more suitable as donor dogs than Jindo dogs in the Daejeon area. Larger scale studies are necessary from more dogs and other areas in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2011

Malignant Sertoli cell tumor was diagnosed in a 5-year-old male Shih Tzu dog. Clinical features of the dog were anorexia, urinary incontinence, constipation, anemia, alopecia, and epistaxis. The dog also had unilateral cryptorchid testis in the abdomen. Several abdominal and thoracic masses were identified on radiography. Grossly, the cryptorchid testicular mass was markedly enlarged to 8 cm in diameter. On cut surface, firm and well demarcated milk-white neoplastic areas were irregularly separated by white fibrous bands. Histologically, the testicular mass was diagnosed as tubular pattern Sertoli cell tumor. In addition, abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and neuron specific enolase, but negative for S-100 and cytokeratin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.218-221
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• 2017

A 14-year-old castrated Shih Tzu weighing 5.4 kg presented with painful penile erection and dysuria that had been ongoing for 2 days. Treatment with salbutamol and gabapentin was initiated, but after 24 hours, the dog had not responded, so it was decided to proceed with penile amputation. The patient went into cardiac arrest during the surgery and died, despite attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. During the surgery, the penis was found to have an enlarged, tortuous, purple blood vessel located dorso-caudally to the bulbus glandis. A hemi-circular fibrous mass was found inside the vessel on histopathological examination; this mass may have induced the ischemic priapism by occluding the vein. This report describes a rare case of ischemic priapism in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2009

A 10-year-old spayed female Shih-tzu dog with a left-sided caudal abdominal swelling of 2-month clinical duration was referred to the Konkuk University Teaching Hospital (KUVTH). We confirmed the presence of an abdominal mass by radiography and ultrasongraphy. A gossypiboma was identified between bladder and small intestines at surgery and removed. The resulting peritoneal adhesion was severe. But, the peritoneal defect did not allow easy repair of the abdominal wall. Therefore, polypropylene mesh (PPM) was used in repair. The patient was good condition after surgery with no caudal abdominal swelling. We followed the patient for the next 6 months with no complication.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to find anatomical variation of each small breed dog's dentition for designing more effective dental chews. Small breed dogs were volunteered for dental impressions with dental stone and alginate under tiletamine-zolazepam, tramadol, and medetomidine intravenous anesthesia. Twenty-two criteria were measured to compare dental impressions. Twenty-five dogs (9 Malteses, 8 Miniature Poodles, and 8 Shih-Tzus) were recruited. Statistically, Shih-Tzus had smaller teeth and shorter interdental spaces than those of Maltese and Miniature Poodles. Grossly, the distance between upper teeth and lower teeth was wider in Shih-Tzus. Shih-Tzu had different dental anatomy in comparative to Miniature Poodle and Maltese. It was recommended to design the dental chew considering these differences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.376-382
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• 1999

A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate was recovered from a 9-month-old female Shih-Tzu dog with canine distemper virus infection. We performed in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test to determine the most effective antimicrobial drug against the isolate and thus, to emphasize its potential clinical importance in animal practices. Isolate was confirmed MRSA by oxacillin agar screening test. The isolate was fully resistant to all $\beta$-lactam antibiotics and was susceptible to glycopeptides. Of the other antibiotics, mupirocin, TMP/SMZ (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and chloramphenicol showed inhibitory effect at the concentration of 4x MIC. The MICs ranged 0.25->$128{\mu}g/ml$, and MBCs ranged 0.5->$128{\mu}g/ml$. The combined TMP/SMZ with cefamandole or novobiocin showed synergistic effect, whereas the combination of novobiocin plus cefamandole or teicoplanin resulted in antagonistic effects. Although MRSA in animals so far has been reported in the geographically limited countries, at least theoretically, it could be occurred in the future more frequently through either human or animal origin. The use of this combination may be of value in this situation. As with all antimicrobial agents, inappropriate or unnecessarily prolonged therapy may contribute to the emergence of resistance strains and loss of efficacy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.573-578
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• 2010

A 4-year-old intact male Shih Tzu dog (weighing 5 kg), was presented with signs of severe dyspnea, exercise intolerance and cyanosis. Diagnostic studies suggested a reverse patent ductus arteriosus (rPDA) with pneumonia. Despite emergency treatments with oxygen, diuretics, antibiotics and medical therapy for hyperkalemia, the dog died of ventricular fibrillation from hyperkalemia and dehydration. Necropsy revealed the rPDA with a marked descending aortic dilation and abnormally arisen left common carotid artery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.233-237
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• 2019

A 10-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu dog was submitted to a local animal hospital with a mass from gingiva to maxillofacial skeleton. Computed tomography revealed that strong invasion of the mass result in osteolysis in orbit and frontal bone. The excised mass was presented to the Pathology Department of the Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University. Surgically excised mass was rubbery to firm in consistency. Histologically, the neoplastic mass was composed of irregular or interdigitating cords, islands or pseudo-glandular structures of stratified epithelial cells. These cords or islands showed typical palisading pattern of neoplastic epithelial cells to periphery without intercellular bridge (desmosome) and surrounded by eosinophilic immature collagenous matrix. Some area showed islands of well differentiated keratinizing squamous cell foci. Some lumen of glandular structures contained fibrin-like materials and RBC. These neoplastic cells showed marked invasive tendency to adjacent connective tissues and bony tissues, therefore solitary neoplastic cells were widely distributed throughout the surround connective tissue. The neoplastic cells showed positive reactions for pan-CK and CK14, weakly positive reaction for CK5/6. And the surrounding immature collagenous matrix was only labeled for vimentin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-277
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• 2005

A six year old female Shih Tzu was euthanized after having about 2 months history of weakness and convulsion with hypoglycemia. On ultrasonography, several masses in variable sizes were noted in the liver and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed probable neoplasm of pancreatic origin. On necropsy, numerous round firm tan nodules with central depression were noted in the liver and heart. Mesenteric lymph node was enlarged and fused with presumable pancreatic tissue. Based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the tumor was confirmed as malignant metastatic insulinoma.