• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-238
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of canine ophthalmic diseases in Seoul, Korea using data for new canine patients examined from January 2009 through December 2013 at an ophthalmic referral center (WooSung Animal Medical Center, Seoul). The study included 1253 dogs with an average age of 7.93 years (SD, 4.06). Shih Tzu (29.4%) was the most common breed, followed by Maltese, Yorkshire Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, and toy Poodle (P < 0.01). Lens diseases (28.3%) were the most common, followed by eyelid, corneal, retinal, and glaucomatous diseases (P < 0.01). Lens, eyelid, retinal, nasolacrimal, uveal, vitreous, and neuro-ophthalmic diseases more frequently showed a bilateral occurrence (P < 0.01) than a unilateral occurrence. In the Shih Tzu breed, corneal disease was the most frequent, followed by lens, eyelid, retinal, and glaucomatous diseases. The most frequent diseases in the Maltese breed were lens, eyelid, retinal, and corneal diseases. In the Yorkshire Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, and toy Poodle breeds, lens disease was the most common (P < 0.01). The most frequent ophthalmic patients belonged to small breeds such as Shih Tzu, Maltese, and Yorkshire Terrier. Moreover, the most common ophthalmic diseases were not traumatic diseases, but breed-inherited diseases such as lens diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-159
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• 2005

Two-month old male Shih Tzu weighing 2.1 kg was presented with alopecia in black-haired areas of the skin. The hair loss had been present since five weeks of age. There was no history of pruritus on any part of the body. No other symptoms had been recognized. Physical examination found no abnormalities other than hair loss. Skin examination showed marked alopecia of black-haired area of the body. The white areas appeared to have hair growth of normal density and texture. Affected pigmented areas showed no evidence of skin lesions. Skin scraping and fungal culture were negative. Microscopic examination of plucked black hairs showed marked pigment clumping in the remnants of the follicles and were mainly in telogen phase. But white hairs were normal in various stages of hair growth. The diagnosis of black hair follicular dysplasia was made based on the history, alopecia of the pigmented areas, the confinement of abnormalities to dark areas, and the normal unpigmented areas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2011

This study describes a canine lymphosarcoma with a rapid proliferation and recurrence. A 4-year-old, male, Shih Tzu dog was examined for acute swelling mass. The mass had been identified since 3 months ago and enlarged $10{\times}7$ cm and located in the right axillary region. The surgical removal was recommended when patient visited veterinarian and the operation was conducted. The removed tumor was $11{\times}8{\times}7$ cm and firm, lobulated and white cut surface. Routine screening laboratory test was assessed with blood and radiological analysis. The metastasis sign was not detected on thoracic and abdominal radiography. Blood test revealed decreased lymphocytes. After surgical removal of the mass, microscopic histopathological examination was performed to determine the final diagnosis. Histopathologically, the tumors are characterized by the same histological features, including the presence of neoplastic cellular populations, and lymphocytes infiltration in varying proportions. Also, DNA was extracted and PCR analysis was employed to analyze the origin of tumor cells. T-cell specific nucleic acid fragments were specifically amplified by PCR. On the basis of the laboratory results, the tumor was diagnosed with canine T-cell lymphosarcoma. On the basis of our knowledge, this is the first report of canine T-cell lymphosarcoma in a Shih Tzu dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to establish normal values for the thoracic limb joint reference angles in Shih Tzu dogs and to describe the standardized CT methodology for measuring the joint reference angle of the humerus. Five pairs of thoracic limbs of Shih Tzu dogs were collected for the CT scans in this study. Three blinded observers measured the joint reference angle of the humerus and radius for each dog by using CT scans in the frontal, sagittal, and axial planes. The means (± SDs) for the average of the right and left humeral joint reference angles were as follows: mMPHA, 83.74 ± 3.95°; mLDHA, 85.04 ± 2.57°; mCaPHA, 46.75 ± 2.20°; mCrDHA, 79.47 ± 1.97°; and HTA, 19.16 ± 2.38°. Means (± SD) for the average of right and left of the radial joint reference angles were as follows: aMPRA, 85.04 ± 1.58°; aLDRA, 87.59 ± 1.37°; aCrPRA, 84.60 ± 1.46°; aCdDRA, 84.27 ± 1.79°; and RTA, 20.91 ± 3.00°. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the joint reference angles for the inter- and intraobserver reliability were good to excellent, except those for the mCrHA and HTA were moderate. Our results suggest that the method of measuring joint reference angles of other long bones by using CT can be applied to thoracic limbs and can extract valid values for one specific breed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.389-391
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• 2016

A 10-month-old, intact female Shih-tzu dog with a pelvic limb ataxic gait, and urinary and fecal incontinence since birth, was examined by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The butterfly hemivertebra of the fourth lumbar vertebra, agenesis of the third sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, and spina bifida of the remaining sacral vertebra were observed on the computed tomography images. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traction of the conus medullaris. The dog was diagnosed with sacrocaudal dysgenesis with presumptive tethered cord syndrome, and concurrent infectious cystitis was found by ultrasonography and urinary analysis. The Shih-tzu recovered from the cystitis, but still has the ataxic gait and urinary and fecal incontinence. This report summarizes the case of a dog with sacrocaudal dysgenesis that was identified by imaging diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-277
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• 2005

A six year old female Shih Tzu was euthanized after having about 2 months history of weakness and convulsion with hypoglycemia. On ultrasonography, several masses in variable sizes were noted in the liver and fine needle aspiration cytology revealed probable neoplasm of pancreatic origin. On necropsy, numerous round firm tan nodules with central depression were noted in the liver and heart. Mesenteric lymph node was enlarged and fused with presumable pancreatic tissue. Based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the tumor was confirmed as malignant metastatic insulinoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2006

A 7-month-old female Shih-tzu dog was presented with intermittent trembling, dyspnea, generalized muscle weakness, and unconsciousness after exercise. No remarkable findings were shown in the complete blood counts and the radiographic examination. On serum biochemical profiles, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were mildly elevated. Based on history takings, physical examination, and neurological findings, presumptive diagnosis was made as a myasthenia gravis (MG). Clinical signs of this patient were dramatically improved after administration of neostigmine. The result of acetylcholine receptor antibody test in serum was 0.89 nmol/L and the histopathology of muscle were normal. Clinical sign of the patient evaluated in this study is stabilized with long-term administration of pyridostigmine at this time. This case report here describes clinical and clinicopathological findings of a juvenile onset acquired MG in a Shih-tzu dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2004

A 3-year-old, male Shih-tzu dog with clinical signs of dysuria and hematuria was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Chonnam National University. The patient was suspected urolithiasis by history taking and clinical signs but urinary and urethra calculus was not found in the radiographic examination. Enlarged prostatic gland (29.0$\times$28.0 mm) and severe finding of cystitis was observed from the ultrasonographic examination. The dog was finally diagnosed as the secondary urethral obstruction by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Castration was performed to treatment of acute hyperplasia of prostatic gland and prostatic cysts. After 26 days of operation, the prostate was defined small, hypoechoic, symmetric and decreased size (18.5$\times$18.0mm) by ultrasonography and dysuria cured completely.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

To investigate the change of vaginal epithelial cell in estrus-induced Shih-tzu bitch, estrus was induced by PMSG (50 IU/kg, for 10 days) and hCG (1,000 IU, on Day 10) in 12 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the whole period of hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches. The first day of vulvar bleeding and the first day of male acceptant was on $6.72{\pm}1.38$ days ($Mean{\pm}S.D.$), and $10.44{\pm}1.63$ days after the first PMSG treatment. The duration of proestrus and estrus was $4.36{\pm}1.20$ days, and $7.58{\pm}1.43$ days. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus, and parabasal cell, small and large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. When it was timed from the first day of PMSG administration (Day 0), the cornification index (CI) was the high proportion in proestrus and estrus. The CI peak was maintained above 80% between Day 11~14 (4 days) and CI showed a peak at Day 12. These results indicated that the 12 Shih-tzu bitches showed positive estrus induction by vaginal smear test and observation of clinical estrus sign.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to determine the normal serial ultrasonographic appearance of the postpartum uterine involution. Postpartum changes in uterine shape, architecture, echogenicity and diameter were monitored by ultrasonography in 10 Shih-tzu bitches. Serial ultrasonographic examination was done daily during the first week, 3 days interval from 8 to 30 days, and weekly from 31 to 100 days postpartum. All 10 postpartum bitches had normal involution by gross finding, vaginal discharges, and by ultrasonographic findings, uterine shape and echogenicity. The uterine diameter in the placental sites was decreased from $23.56{\pm}1.45$ mm at 1 day to $14.08{\pm}1.55$ mm at 7 day, and in the interplacental sites was decreased from $14.64{\pm}1.28$mm at 1day to $9.61{\pm}1.46$mm at 7 day postpartum. At 65 days postpartum the uterine diameter was 5-6 mm both placental and interplacental sites, and the uterine horns were uniform hypoechic, tubular structures without enlargement. Therefore, complete involution of the uterus occured 65 days. It was concluded that normal postpartum uterine involution in Shih-tzu bitches appeared to be completed 65 days postpartum by gross findings such as vaginal discharges, and ultrasonographic findings. And ultrasonographic characteristics of the postpartum uterine involution were described. Therefore, these result suggest that ultrasonographic assessment is a reliable method for diagnosing the subinvolution of placental sites and uterine dysfunction, such as pyometra in the bitch.