• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3268-3276
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• 2023

The practice of identifying the potential zones for mineral exploration in a speedy and low-cost method includes the use of satellite imagery analysis as a part of remote sensing techniques. It is challenging to explore the iron mineralization of a region through conventional methods which are a time-consuming process. The current study utilizes the Hyperion satellite imagery for mapping the iron mineralization and associated geological features in the Irikkur region, Kannur, Kerala. Along with the remote sensing results, the field study and laboratory-based analysis were conducted to retrieve the ground truth point and geochemical proportion to verify the iron ore mineralization. The MC simulation showed for shielding properties indicate an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient with raising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ concentrations in the investigated rocks where it is varied at 0.662 MeV in the range 0.190 cm^-1 - 0.222 cm^-1 with rising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ content from 57.86 wt% to 71.15 wt%. The analysis also revealed that when the γ-ray energy increased from 0.221 MeV to 2.506 MeV, sample 1 had the largest linear attenuation coefficient, ranging from 9.33 cm1 to 0.12 cm^-1. Charnockite rocks were found to have exceptional shielding qualities, making them an excellent natural choice for radiation shielding applications.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1979

For accurate and easily shielding irregular shaped organ, its minimized penumbra region and a low melting point alloy 'Lead Y' and synchronizing instrument have been developed. The 'Lead Y' is the quaternary eutectic alloy and it is composed of Lead 30.0% Tin 11.5% Bismuth 48 5% Cadmium 10.0% The density of its at $22^{\circ}C$ is $9.8g/cm^3$ and the melting temperature has $40^{\circ}C\;to\;68^{\circ}C$. The thickness of 'Lead Y' for perfect shielding of Co-60 gamma ray and LINAC 10MeV x-ray is 6cm and 7cm respectively. The 'Lead Y' shielding block is casted directly on the styrofoam from which is cut with hot wire of synchronizer device. The special features and advantages of the Lead Y shielding block could be summarized as follows; 1. The shielding block for radiotherapy is rapidly processed only with boiling water and styrofoam. 2. It is not injure one's health and not danger of a fire, because of not generating of any metals vapor and evil smelling. 3. It is very effective to minimize secondary penumbra for the protection of healthy tissue from unnecessary ionizing radiation regardless of the magnification source to skin distance. 4. The HVL of the Lead Y is 1.2cm for Co-60 gamma ray and it's shielding effect is almost same as the pure lead block. 5. The hardness of Lead Y is 1.5 times higher than lead block. 6. It's reavailability is higher than lead block and then one block of Lead Y is reavailable about 30 to 40 times. 7. It is usefull for shielding of x-ray, gamma ray, beta-ray, electron and neutron radiation. 8. The materials for Lead Y are easy to acquire with reasonable price and tractable.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.1557-1564
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• 2020

In this paper, 3D model-based interactive gamma ray shielding package (MIGSHIELD) is developed in virtual reality platform for windows operating system. In MIGSHIELD, the computational methodology is based on point kernel algorithm (PK), several key parameters of PK are obtained using new technique and new methods. MIGSHIELD has interactive capability with virtual world. The main features made in the MIGSHIELD are (i) handling of physical information from virtual world, (ii) handling of arbitrary shapes radioactive source, (iii) calculating the mean free path of gamma ray, (iv) providing interactive function between PK and virtual world, (v) making better use of PK for virtual simulation, (vi) plug and play. The developed package will be of immense use for calculations involving radiation dose assessment in nuclear safety and contributing to fast radiation simulation for virtual nuclear facilities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2258-2265
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• 2024

The present investigation aims to study the role of Pr₂O₃ on the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of a dense cadmium lead borate glass. The XRD was used to affirm the glassy amorphous structure of fabricated sample materials. Moreover, the FTIR was used to record the change in the FT-IR spectra due to the addition of Pr₂O₃ in the wavenumber interval between 400 and 4000 cm^-1. The features of glass surfaces and the elemental analyses for the synthesized Pr₂O₃-reinforced cadmium lead borate glasses were performed using a SEM, supported by an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The γ-ray protection capacity was evaluated using the Monte Carlo method in a wide energy interval ranging between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at 1 MeV was reduced by a factor of 10 % from 0.372 cm^-1 to 0.340 cm^-1. The decrease in the LAC values negatively affected the other shielding properties such as half-value thickness and the transmission factor. Although the linear attenuation coefficient is decreased slightly with the partial substitution of CdO by Pr₂O₃ compound, the fabricated glass samples still have a high shielding capacity compared to the traditional commercial glasses as well as previous similar reported glasses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.3051-3058
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• 2022

In the present work, untreated Iraqi sand with grain sizes varied between 100 and 200 ㎛ was used to produce a colored glass sample that has shielding features against the low gamma-ray energy. Therefore, a weight of 70-60 wt % sand was mixed with 9-14 wt% B₂O₃, 8-10 wt% Na₂O, 4-6 wt% of CaO, 3-6 wt% Al₂O₃, in addition to 0.3% of Co₂O₃. After melting and annealing the glass sample, the X-ray diffraction spectrometry was applied to affirm the amorphous phase of the fabricated glass samples. Moreover, the X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry was used to measure the chemical composition, and the MH-300A densimeter was applied to measure the fabricated sample's density. The Makishima-Makinzie model was applied to predict the mechanical properties of the fabricated glass. Besides, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the fabricated glass sample's radiation shielding capacity in the low-energy region between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Therefore, the simulated linear attenuation coefficient changed between 10.725 and 0.484 cm^-1, raising the gamma-ray energy between 22.1 and 160.6 keV. Also, other shielding parameters such as a half-value layer, pure lead equivalent thickness, and buildup factors were calculated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3841-3848
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• 2022

The effect of modifiers on the optical features and radiation defying ability of the Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses was examined. XRD has established the amorphous nature of the specimen. The presence of various functional/fundamental groups in the present glasses was analyzed through FTIR spectra. The physical, structural and elastic traits of the glasses were explored. The variation in the structural compactness of the glass structure according to the incorporated modifier was enlightened to describe their suitability for a better shielding media. For the examined glasses, the metallization criterion value varied in the range 0.613-0.692, indicating the non-metallic character of the glasses with possible nonlinear optical applications. The computed elastic moduli expose the Li-containing glass (BTLi:Eu) to be tightly packed and rigid, which is a requirement for a better shielding channel. Furthermore, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy values are calculated based on the optical absorption spectra. The evaluated bonding parameters revealed the nature of the fabricated glasses covalent. In addition, we investigated the radiation attenuation attributes of the prepared Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses using Phy-X software. We determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and reported the influence of the five oxides Li₂O₃, CaO, BaO, SrO, and ZnO on the LAC values. The LAC varied between 0.433 and 0.549 cm^-1 at 0.284 MeV. The 39B₂O₃-25TeO₂-15Li₂O₃-10Na₂O-10K₂O-1Eu₂O₃ glass has a much smaller LAC than the other glasses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3816-3823
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• 2021

The mechanical features evaluated theoretically using Makishima-Mackenzie's model for glasses xBaO-(50-x) PbO-50P₂O₅ where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%. Wherefore, the elastic characteristics; Young's, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus calculated. The obtained result showed an increase in the calculated values of elastic moduli with the replacement of the PbO by BaO contents. Moreover, the Poisson ratio, micro-hardness, and the softening temperature calculated for the investigated glasses. Besides, gamma and neutron shielding ability evaluated for the barium doped lead phosphate glasses. Monte Caro code (MCNP-5) and the Phy-X/PSD program applied to estimate the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses. The decrease in the PbO ratio has a negative effect on the MAC. The highest MAC decreased from 65.896 cm²/g to 32.711 cm²/g at 0.015 MeV for BPP0 and BPP7, respectively. The calculated values of EBF and EABF showed that replacement of PbO with BaO contents in the studied BPP glasses helps to reduce the number of photons accumulated inside the studied BPP glasses.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

In the design of superconducting cable systems, quench analysis have to be advanced for applying to a real systems. It is necessary to calculate the current, voltage and resistance during the quench. Simulation program named EMTDC was used to analyze the quench state. Normal zone evaluation and quench development with EMTDC are one of the major features of quench analysis. This paper presents the two kinds of quench control models which are the Switch Control Type and the Fortran Control Type. In case of the quench developing area, the simplicity cable model consist of resistance, inductance and capacitance. The impedance of the pipe type superconducting cable is calculated by numerical analysis method. The resistance and inductance increased during quench. However the variation have an effect on the fault current. The voltage was also developed by resistance and inductance. This paper presents the relationship between the current. voltage, resistance and inductance during quench.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2014

In this paper, we examine the electrical and magnetic properties of three different types of shield materials used for wireless power transfer systems: namely, FeSiAl-composite, NiZn-ferrite, and FeSi-amorphous types. The power transfer efficiency and resistance of an RX coil are measured, while varying the shield thickness. For all three types, a thicker shield provides better power transfer efficiency. Analysis of the measurements shows that the FeSiAl-composite type is suitable for systems with size limitation. In terms of magnetic properties, the FeSi-amorphous type shows the best features, and is suited to high power applications. This work can be used as a guideline to select suitable shielding material in various wireless power transfer systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.200-203
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• 2008

Water mist fire suppression system utilizes the fire suppression features such as cooling of fire source, dilution of ambient oxygen, and shielding of radiation heat with the evaporation of microscopic water droplets. The momentum of water mist is relatively low and the infiltration of water mist to the fire source is not effective. In addition to lower penetration force, the evaporated water vapor is liable to decline to limited portion of fire source due to its light weight and sparse density. On the other hand, the cycling water mist system is expected to improve the penetration force of water mist as well as the dilution coverage capability with the stratified spray characteristics. At this paper we present the analyzed fire suppression capability of intermittent water spray pattern by use of FDS which is computational fire dynamics fire model. We expect this analysis shall be supportive to the development of the prototype of water mist nozzle.