• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.71-72
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• 1985

This study was performed on the dose distribution of various field size and the effect of penumbra shield in the telecobalt unit. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Errors of the light and ${\gamma}-ray$ field size was below the regulation as 0.52 percentage. 2. The coefficient of field area was increased with the larger field area, and this coefficient was showed the more difference in larger SSD. 3. The rectangular field areas, which were described by level of the same percentage depth does, were decreased with the more elongation factor. At the same elongation factor, the compensating factor was decreased with the larger field size. 4. The lead block or extension collimator was able to shield r-ray exposure of outside field size from 50 to 80 percentage. 5. On the matching adjacent fields, while the gap between beam edges are contacted, that overlapped beam edges indicated up to 140 percentage, and while the gap was 1 cm, it could be reduced to 90 Percentage. The lead-libocking on the overlapped area was more effective to lower dose, as 80 percentage in this case. 6. Percentage depth dose of various trimming field sizes were increased linearlly according to area 1 perimeter size, but the center split field size did not maintain linearlly.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.788-793
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• 2014

Vegetative propagation of walnut is difficult compared with that of other fruit and nut species. The present study assessed three methods of grafting (patch, shield, and chip) at various periods of walnut growth and with different timings of grafting in walnut. Early May was the best time for grafting, at which time the highest success rate was obtained by the patch method (96%), followed by chip-budding (75%), while shield-grafting showed the lowest efficiency (10%). Patch-grafting was also successful (75-80%) in early August and moderately successful in mid-June (51-55%), while the shield and chip methods had no success during these two times (0.00%). Patch-grafting was more efficient and also induced better callus formation and scion growth than the other two methods. The genotypes used did not affect grafting efficiency. The best results were obtained by patch-budding in both tested genotypes. The present findings show the potential value of patch-grafting in early May as a propagation method for walnut for establishment of guidelines for propagation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

Tunnel excavation in shallow soft ground conditions of urban areas experiences inevitable surface settlements that threaten the stability of nearby infrastructures. Surface settlements during shield TBM tunneling are related to a number of factors including geotechnical conditions, tunnel geometry and excavation methods. In this paper, a database collected from a construction section of Hong Kong subway was used to analyze the correlation of settlement-inducing factors and surface settlements monitored at different locations of a transverse trough. The Pearson correlation analysis result revealed a correlation between the factors in consideration. Factors such as the face pressure, advance speed, thrust force, cutter torque, twin tunnel distance and ground water level presented a modest correlation with the surface settlement, while no significant trends between the other factors and the surface settlements were observed. It can be concluded that an integrated effect of the settlement-inducing factors should be related to the magnitude of surface settlements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2023

Recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of radiation protection of transport casks for SNF transportation. The attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta of long-lived isotopes ¹³⁴Cs, ^137mBa(¹³⁷Cs), ¹⁵⁴Eu and ⁶⁰Co by optimizing the thicknesses and arrangement of layers of Fe and Pb radiation shields of transport casks is studied. The fixed radiation shielding mass (fixed mass thickness) is chosen as the main optimization criterion. The effect of the placement order of Fe and Pb layers in a combined two-layer radiation shield with an equivalent thickness of 30 cm is studied in detail. It is shown that with the same mass thicknesses of the Fe and Pb layers, the placement of Fe in the first layer, and Pb - in the second one provides more than twofold attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta compared to the reverse placement: Pb - in the first layer, Fe - in the second. The increase in the efficiency of attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta for TC with combined shielding of Fe and Pb is shown to be achieved by designing the first layer of radiation shielding around the canister with SNF from Fe of the maximum possible thickness.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.439-451
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• 2023

The construction of shield tunnelling in urban sites is facing serious risks from complex and changeable underground conditions. Construction problems in the sand-clay mixed ground have been more reported in recent decades for its poor control of soil loss in tunnel face, ground settlement and supporting pressure. Since the limitations of observation methods, the conventional physical modelling experiments normally simplify the tunnelling to a plane strain situation whose results are not reliable in mixed ground cases which exhibit more complicated responses. We propose a new method for the study of the mixed ground tunnel through which mixed lays are simulated with transparent soil surrogates exhibiting different mechanical properties. An experimental framework for the transparent soil modelling of the mixed ground tunnel was established incorporated with the self-developed digital image correlation system (PhotoInfor). To understand better the response of face stability, ground deformation, settlement and supporting phenomenon to tunnelling excavation in the sand-clay mixed ground, a series of case studies were carried out comparing the results from cases subjected to different buried depths and mixed phenomenon. The results indicate that the deformation mode, settlement and supporting phenomenon vary with the mixed phenomenon and buried depth. Moreover, a stratigraphic effect exists that the ground movement around mixed face reveals a notable difference.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.693-698
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• 2018

현재 의료환경에서 영상의학 검사 시 의료 방사선을 차폐하기 위한 차폐체는 납가운, 납유리가 대부분이다. 이러한 차폐체의 주성분인 납은 납중독과 경량화의 한계, 고가라는 제한점이 있다. 납차폐체 대신 대체 물질로 조영제로 쓰이고 있는 요오드 성분은 방사선을 흡수하는 특성을 지니고 있어 차폐체로써 효과가 있을 것이라 예측하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 투시 검사 시 기존의 납유리 대신 임상에서 사용하고 남은 CT 조영제로 채워진 아크릴판을 이용하여 차폐유무를 평가 하였다. 그 결과 산란선 선량 평가 시 차폐를 하지 않았을 때 보다 CT조영제로 채워진 아크릴판은 7배 이상 차폐효과가 나타났다. 따라서 기존의 납유리 대신 요오드 성분으로 이루어진 CT 조영제가 차폐체로써 활용될 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.159-181
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 쉴드 터널 세그먼트 라이닝의 부재력을 산정하는 방법에 대한 비교연구를 다루었다. 현재 쉴드 터널 라이닝의 부재력 산정에는 이론해에 근거한 산정식을 적용하고 있다. 쉴드 터널 시공 시 사용되는 콘크리트 세그먼트는 동일한 강성으로 이루어진 구조물이 아닌 이음부를 가지는 구조물이므로 모든 요소를 고려하여야 하나 현재의 설계 실무에서는 세그먼트라이닝의 구조해석 모델이나 설계하중 및 세그먼트 이음부의 영향 등에 대한 정확한 검증 없이 과거의 국내외의 설계 자료를 관행적으로 적용해왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내외에서 현재 사용하고 있는 쉴드 터널 세그먼트 해석 및 설계 모델 중 관용계산방법과 Duddeck & Erdmann 모델을 이론식으로 해석을 수행하여 비교 하였고 수치해석에 의한 설계모델 중 보-스프링 모델과 연속체모델의 해석을 수행하여 상호 비교를 통해 세그먼트 라이닝의 설계에 적합한 구조모델을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

Bead shape control with gas force process has been developed to overcome the concave back bead in pipe orbital welding. However, It is impossible to make a convex back bead using the existing gas nozzle, because it has high gas-consuming and low gas force. The purpose of this paper, to develop optimum shape of nozzle which to reduce the consumption of gas, maximizing the shield gas force with low cost and high productivity coincide the Green welding. In this paper venturi-type nozzle was compared with existing CP-type nozzle by TIG pulse welding in overhead position. As a result, CP-type occurs the wormholes in the overhead position, but the Venturi-type without the pore and formed a good bead appearance.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

HEMP(High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse, 고 고도 전자기 펄스) 신호는 매우 큰 전계 값과 매우 빠른 상승시간 등으로 인해 그 영향 범위 안에 노출되어 있는 시스템은 심각한 손상을 입을 수도 있다. HEMP로부터 시스템을 적절하게 방호하기 위해서는 방호 설계 사양 도출 이전에 시스템의 개구면이나 케이블에 대한 전자기 결합 신호 해석이 먼저 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 RF 또는 비디오 신호 등을 전송하기 위해 사용되는 동축 케이블에 대한 HEMP 결합 신호를 해석하였고, 차폐선에 대한 HEMP 감소 효과를 확인하기 위해 단일 도선과 동축 케이블 내부 도선에 대한 결합 신호를 비교하였다. 동축 케이블은 차폐선의 외부 영역과 내부 영역으로 각각 분리되어 해석되었으며, 차폐선 표면 위의 전류 계산을 위해 동축 케이블 외부 영역에는 일반화 된 산란방정식을 적용하였고, 동축 케이블 내부 영역에는 Chain Matrix 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 본 논문의 해석 결과를 검증하기 위해 기존 논문의 결과 데이터와 비교하였고, 두 결과가 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 stuffed Whipple shield의 성능 향상을 목적으로, stuffed Whipple shield의 중간층에 적용되는 직물의 방탄 성능 향상 기법으로서 Z형 직물 디자인을 제안하였다. 직물은 경계조건에 의하여 충격 현상과 방탄 성능이 크게 변화하게 된다. 따라서 기존의 단순 적층식 직물과는 다른 경계조건을 갖는 Z형 직물을 제안하였고, Z형 직물의 방탄 성능을 확인하기 위하여 상용 프로그램 LS-DYNA를 이용한 아라미드 섬유사와 직물에 대한 충격해석을 수행하여 에너지 흡수 특성을 계산하고, 그 결과를 단순 적층식 섬유사와 직물의 경우와 비교하였다. 그 결과 Z형 직물은 단순 적층식 직물과는 다른 충격 거동을 보이고, 고속 영역에서 2 edge fixed, 4 edge fixed보다 높은 에너지 흡수율을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.