• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.299-330
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• 2022

This review article highlights the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of coconut shells, and the fresh and hardened properties of the coconut shell concrete are summarized and were compared with other types of aggregates. Furthermore, the structural behavior in terms of flexural, shear, and torsion was also highlighted, with other properties including shrinkage, elastic modulus, and permeability of the coconut shell concrete. Based on the reviewed literature, concrete containing coconut shell as coarse aggregate with normal sand as fine showed the 28-day compressive strength between 2 and 36 MPa with the dried density range of 1865 to 2300 kg/m³. Coconut shell concretes showed a 28-day modulus of rupture and splitting tensile strength values in the ranges of 2.59 to 8.45 MPa and 0.8 to 3.70 MPa, respectively, and these values were in the range of 5-20% of the compressive strength. The flexural behavior of CSC was found similar to other types of lightweight concrete. There were no horizontal cracks on beams which indicate no bond failure. Whereas, the diagonal shear failure was prominent in beams with no shear reinforcements while flexural failure mode was seen in beams having shear reinforcement. Under torsion, CSC beams behave like conventional concrete. Finally, future recommendations are also suggested in this study to investigate the innovative lightweight aggregate concrete based on the environmental and financial design factors.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권5A호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 LMC로 덧씌우기 또는 보수 된 형태의 RC 보의 정적 거동 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 따라서, LMC로 덧씌우기 및 보수된 RC 보를 상대습도 60%, 온도 $20^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 양생을 실시하여 제작하였으며, 제작된 시험체를 4점 휨 실험을 수행하여 균열양상, 파괴거동 및 극한강도 등의 거동을 고찰하였다. 실험결과 전단철근이 보강된 보수형태의 RC보의 경우 100%이상의 내하력을 회복하여 보수 효과가 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었고, LMC로 압축부에 덧씌우기 된 시험체의 경우 덧씌우기 두께가 증가함에 따라 내하력이 크게 증진되었다. 그러나, 전단철근이 보강되지 않은 보수형태의 시험체와 인장부 덧씌우기된 시험체는 부착계면 파괴양상을 보여주어 보수 및 보강 효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부착계면의 거동특성을 파악하기 위하여 전단흐름 개념을 도입하여 LMC로 압축 덧씌우기된 시험체를 대상으로 하중증가에 따른 전단흐름량을 계산하여 부착계면 특성을 수치적으로 나타내었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.50-53
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• 2006

An experimental investigation on the behavior of reinforced concrete coupling beams is presented. The test variables are the span-to-depth ratio, the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the ratio of shear rebar. The distribution of arch action and truss action which compose the mechanism of shear resistance is discussed. This study proposes the deformation model for reinforced concrete coupling beams considering the bond slip of flexural reinforcement. The yielding of flexural reinforcements determines yielding states and the ultimate states of reinforced concrete coupling beam are defined as the ultimate compressive strain of struts and the degradation of compressive strength due to principal tensile strain of struts. It is expected that this model can be applied to displacement-based design methods.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.470-473
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• 2006

Past experiences from recent earthquakes indicate that shear failures of beam-column connections were one of the main reasons causing significant damages and collapses of RC structures subjected to earthquake loadings. Many researchers and engineers have conducted to propose an effective way to improve the joint shear strength of RC connections. This paper presents an analytical model for the RC exterior beam-column joints strengthened with CFRP sheets. In the analytical model, the effect of shear behavior of the RC beam-column joint, bond slip of the beam longitudinal reinforcements and CFRP sheets were considered and incorporated into the non-linear structural analysis program. Final analytical results were compared with those from the experiment of eight exterior RC beam-column specimens. The analytical results showed that the developed connection model is very useful to investigate the hysteretic joint behavior and overall load-displacement response of the RC beam-column connections strengthened with CFRP sheets.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.457-460
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• 2008

CFRP plates has been established as an effective method for rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures. The CFRP reinforcements are bonded to beams and slabs using structural adhesives. Adhesive strength can be affected by environmental exposure. During freezing-and-thawing cycling, temperature-induced stresses in the adhesive layer, due to differential thermal expansion between the CFRP and the substrate concrete, may lead to bond damage and contribute to or cause premature CFRP composite separation. This paper presents the results of experimental program undertaken to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycling (from -18 to $4^{\circ}C$) on the behavior and failure characteristics of RC beams strengthened in shear with CFRP plate using acoustic emission (AE) technique.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.233-240
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• 2006

An experimental investigation on the behavior of reinforced concrete coupling beams is presented. The test variables are the span-to-depth ratio, the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the ratio of shear rebar. The distribution of arch action and truss action which compose the mechanism of shear resistance is discussed. This study proposes the deformation model for reinforced concrete coupling beams considering the bond slip of flexural reinforcement. The yielding of flexural reinforcements determines yielding states and the ultimate states of reinforced concrete coupling beam are defined as the ultimate compressive strain of struts and the degradation of compressive strength due to principal tensile strain of struts. It is expected that this model can be applied to displacement-based design methods.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2005

강재 매입형 합성기둥 구조는 주로 건물구조와 교량의 교각구조에 적용되어 왔고, 최근에는 교량의 교각구조에 적용하는 예가 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 교각은 건물의 기둥에 비해 상당히 큰 규모의 구조물이기 때문에 강재비를 적절한 수준으로 유도하면서 의도하는 성능을 만족하는 단면을 설계해야 한다. 그러나 합성구조의 기본원리가 구조물을 구성하는 구조재료의 일체화된 거동에 근거함으론 강재 매입형 합성기둥 구조의 적용에 앞서, 먼저 콘크리트와 강재 단면의 합성 작용에 대한 명확한 정의가 필요하다. 일반적으로 강재 매입형 합성구조는 부착과 마찰에 의해서 합성작용을 확보한다고 가정하고 설계하는데, 콘크리트 단면 강재 단면 그리고 합성 단면으로 각각 다를 경우, 거동의 차이를 가져올 수 있기 때문에 적절한 합성작용을 위한 규정이 요구된다. 이 논문에서는 횡방향 철근에 의한 콘크리트의 구속 효과, H형 강재 복부의 천공에 의한 기계적 맞물림 그리고 전단 연결재에 의한 영향을 고려하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 통해 계산된 값보다 큰 부착 강도를 얻을 수 있었다. 구속효과, 기계적 맞물림 그리고 전단 연결재를 통해 전단 강도의 증가를 유도할 수 있었고, 이는 강재 매입형 합성 기둥에서 합성 작용을 확보하는데 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

PURPOSES: The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding strength tests were performed according to the application rate and curing time of asphalt emulsion. Based on finding from this study, optimum application rates and curing times are proposed. METHODS: In order to investigate bonding characteristic of asphalt emulsion, tests were performed on both asphalt concrete pavement and portland concrete pavement. Also, asphalt emulsions were tested at the application rate of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and $0.8{\ell}/m^2$ and at the curing time of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 24 hours. Pull-off test and shear bonding strength test, which commonly used for bonding strength measurement of asphalt emulsion, were adopted for this study. To assess field performance under different testing condition, asphalt emulsions were applied to in-service pavement. Throughout coefficient of determination analysis between material index properties from asphalt emulsion and mechanical response from bonding strength tests, performance correlativity was analyzed. RESULTS: Test results show that optimum application rate for asphalt overlay on asphalt concrete pavement (AOA) and asphalt overlay on concrete pavement (AOC) was $0.4{\sim}0.5{\ell}/m^2$ and $0.3{\sim}0.5{\ell}/m^2$, respectively. According to the curing time increment, tensile strength and shear strength of AOC were increased to 22~44% and 20~39%, respectively. AOA case also show strength increment in tensile strength (42%) and shear strength (9%). We tested the applicability of tack coat materials at the field sites, and our findings demonstrated that the bonding (for D and E) and rapid curing (for B, C, and D, E) performances were superior than others. Among material index properties, there was a high correlation between penetration ratio and bonding strength test result. CONCLUSIONS : Result show that interlayer bonding strength was affected by asphalt emulsion type, application rate and curing time. AOC required slightly higher application ($0.1{\ell}/m^2$) than AOA. Both AOA and AOC cases show higher strength at longer curing time. Up to 2hours of curing, rapid strength increments were observed, but strength increment ratio was decreased after 2hours of curing. From the observed correlation between penetration ratio and bonding strength, it is expected that penetration ratio can be used as one of important factors affecting bonding strength analysis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 Tricalcium silicate를 기반으로 한 3종의 치수복조재(Theracal $LC^{TM}$, $Biodentine^{TM}$, $ProRoot^{TM}$ white MTA)와 임상에서 통상적으로 사용되는 수복재인 복합레진, 레진강화형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트, 그리고 전통적인 글래스아이오노머 시멘트 간의 전단결합강도를 비교 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중심구를 가진 아크릴 레진 블록 90개를 제작하고 각각 30개씩 3종의 치수복조재로 중심구 안에 채운 다음, 다시 무작위로 10개씩 하위 군을 나누어 치수복조재 상방에 복합레진, 레진강화형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트, 전통적인 글래스아이오노머 시멘트를 적용하여 총 9개 군으로 이루어진 시편을 제작하였다. Universal testing machine을 이용해 전단결합강도를 측정한 뒤, 입체현미경을 사용해 파절양상을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, Theracal $LC^{TM}$-복합레진 군이 가장 높은 전단결합강도를, Theracal $LC^{TM}$-전통적인 글래스아이오노머 시멘트 군이 가장 낮은 전단결합강도를 나타냈다. 복합레진이 수복재로 선택된 군들이 다른 수복재 군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 전통적인 글래스아이오노머 시멘트가 수복재인 경우 $Biodentine^{TM}$이 다른 치수복 조재 군들에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 나타냈다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 bulk-fill 복합레진의 상아질 전단결합강도 및 미세누출을 평가함에 있다. 실험군으로 1종의 고점도 bulk-fill 복합레진과 2종의 저점도 bulk-fill 복합레진을 사용하였고 대조군으로 1종의 conventional 복합레진을 사용하였다. 상아질 접착제는 7세대를 사용하였다. 영구치를 4군으로 나눈 후 전단결합강도 측정을 위해 레진블록을 실험군은 4 mm, 대조군은 2 mm 두께로 축조하였고, 미세누출을 평가를 위해 실험군은 4 mm 단일층 충전, 대조군은 2 mm씩 2회 적층충전을 시행하였다. 전단결합강도와 관련하여 대조군과 비교하였을 때 저점도 bulk-fill 복합레진에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았으나, 고점도 bulk-fill 복합레진에서는 유의하게 낮은 값이 관찰되었다(p < 0.05). 미세누출과 관련하여 4군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았다.