• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.651-665
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• 2019

Past earthquakes have shown that appropriately designed and detailed buildings with shear walls have great performance such a way that a considerable portion of inelastic energy dissipation occurs in these structural elements. A plastic hinge is fundamentally an energy diminishing means which decrease seismic input energy through the inelastic deformation. Plastic hinge development in a RC shear wall in the areas which have plastic behavior depends on the ground motions characteristics as well as shear wall details. One of the most generally used forms of structural walls is flanged RC wall. Because of the flanges, these types of shear walls have large in-plane and out-of-plane stiffness and develop high shear stresses. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the main characteristics of these structural components and provide a more comprehensive expression of plastic hinge length in the application of performance-based seismic design method and promote the development of seismic design codes for shear walls. In this regard, the effects of axial load level, wall height, wall web and flange length, as well as various features of earthquakes, are examined numerically by finite element methods and the outcomes are compared with consistent experimental data. Based on the results, a new expression is developed which can be utilized to determine the length of plastic hinge area in the flanged RC shear walls.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2024

This paper aims to investigate the seismic behavior of double steel plate and concrete composite shear wall (DSCW) of shield buildings in nuclear power engineering through experimental study. Hence, a total of 10 specimens were tested to investigate the hysteretic performance of DSCW specimens in detail, in terms of load vs. displacement hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, failure modes, flexural strength, energy dissipation capacity. The experimental results indicated that the thickness of steel plate, vertical load and stiffener have great influence on the shear bearing capacity of shear wall, and the stud space has limited influence on the shear capacity. And finally, a novel simplified formula was proposed to predict the shear bearing capacity of composite shear wall. The predicted results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.757-772
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• 1998

The objective of the present work is to estimate the strength and failure characteristics of symmetric thin square laminates under negative shear load. Two progressive failure analyses, one using the Hashin criterion and the other using a Tensor polynomial criterion, are used in conjunction with the finite element method. First-order shear-deformation theory along with geometric nonlinearity in the von Karman sense has been incorporated in the finite element modeling. Failure loads, associated maximum transverse displacements, locations and modes of failure including the onset of delamination are discussed in detail; these are found to be quite different from those for the positive sheer load reported in Part I of this study (Singh et al. 1998).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권4호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2019

In the present work, an attempt is made to explore the effects of shear in-plane preload on the wave propagation response of small-scale plates containing nanofibers. The small-scale system is assumed to be embedded in an elastic matrix. The nonlocal elasticity is utilized in order to develop a size-dependent model of plates. The proposed plate model is able to describe both nanofiber effects and the influences of being at small-scales on the wave propagation response. The size-dependent differential equations are derived for motions along all directions. The size-dependent coupled equations are solved analytically to obtain the phase and group velocities of the small-scale plate under a shear in-plane preload. The effects of this shear preload in conjunction with nanofiber and size effects as well as the influences of the elastic matrix on the wave propagation response are analyzed in detail.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5199-5206
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 개선된 자연변형률 쉘 요소를 이용한 적층복합판의 좌굴하중을 연구하였다. 면내 잠김과 전단 잠김 현상을 극복하기 위하여 가정자연변형률 방법을 이용하였고, 면내 압축 및 전단하중이 작용하는 경우에 폭-두께 비 및 파이버의 보강방향의 변화에 따른 적층복합판의 고유치 문제를 연구하였다. 쉘 요소의 성능 향상을 위해 새로운 보간점의 조합을 이용한 가정변형률 방법을 사용하였으며 전단보정계수 없이 전단변형을 고려할 수 있는 개선된 1차 전단변형이론을 적용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 검증하기 위해 참고문헌의 결과들과 비교 분석하였으며 새로운 예제도 추가적으로 연구하였다. 해석결과는 참고문헌의 결과들과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 면내 전단하중에 의한 좌굴하중의 예측은 향후 관련 연구에 비교자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1C호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 직접단순전단변형으로 발생하는 주응력 방향의 회전에 의한 소성변형을 고려할 수 있는 구성모델을 제안하였다. 이 모델은 두 개의 응력면에서 발생하는 응력상태의 변화를 이용하여 각 응력면의 소성변형률을 계산하였다. 두 개의 응력면에서 계산된 소성변형률을 합산하여 전체 소성변형률을 구하였다. 첫번째 응력면은 최대전단응력면을 나타내며 이 응력면은 응력변화에 따라 수평방향을 기준으로 회전한다. 두번째 응력면은 수평방향으로 고정된 수평면을 나타낸다. 초기 수직응력과 수평응력이 서로 다른 상태에 있는 직접단순전단시험의 공시체에서 전단변형으로 발생하는 주응력 방향의 회전현상을 두번째 응력면에 작용하는 응력상태를 이용하여 모델링하였다. 본 모델의 구성관계식은 전단변형으로 인한 흙의 골격변화 즉 체적변화를 수식화하였으며 응력-물의 상관관계를 동시에 묘사할 수 있는 FLAC을 이용하여 모델링하였다. 느슨한 Fraser River 모래의 배수 직접단순전단시험에서 발생하는 전단응력과 체적변화는 주응력 방향의 회전에 따른 소성변형을 포함하고 있으므로 이를 계산하여 구성모델을 검증하였다. 느슨한 모래 지반에 놓인 강성기초의 하중 증가에 따라 발생하는 지반침하를 주응력 방향의 회전을 고려하여 예측하였을 때 실제 계측된 침하량과 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 주응력 방향의 회전을 고려하지 않고 Mohr-Coulomb모델을 이용하여 계산된 침하량은 실제 침하량 또는 제안된 모델이 예측한 침하량의 약 20%정도에 해당하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

It is extremely important to obtain rock strength parameters for geological engineering. In this paper, the evolution of sandstone cohesion and internal friction angle with plastic shear strain was obtained by simulating the cyclic loading and unloading tests under different confining pressures using Particle Flow Code software. By which and combined with the micro-crack propagation process, the mesoscopic mechanism of parameter evolution was studied. The results show that with the increase of plastic shear strain, the sandstone cohesion decreases first and then tends to be stable, while the internal friction angle increases first, then decreases, and finally maintains unchanged. The evolution of sandstone shear strength parameters is closely related to the whole process of crack formation, propagation and coalescence. When the internal micro-cracks are less and distributed randomly and dispersedly, and the rock shear strength parameters (cohesion, internal friction angle) are considered to have not been fully mobilized. As the directional development of the internal micro-fractures as well as the gradual formation of macroscopic shear plane, the rock cohesion reduces continuously and the internal friction angle is in the rise stage. As the formation of the macroscopic shear plane, both the rock cohesion and internal friction angle continuously decrease to a certain residual level.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.205-226
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• 2015

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective quantitative method to solve complex engineering problems. The basic idea of FEM for a complex problem is to be able to find a solution by reducing the problem made simple. If mathematical tools are inadequate to obtain precise result, even approximate result, FEM is the only method that can be used for structural analyses. In FEM, the domain is divided into a large number of simple, small and interconnected sub-regions called finite elements. FEM has been used commonly for linear and nonlinear analyses of different types of structures to give us accurate results of plane stress and plane strain problems in civil engineering area. In this paper, FEM is used to investigate stress analysis of a shear wall which is subjected to concentrated loads and fundamental principles of stress analysis of the shear wall are presented by using matrix displacement method in this paper. This study is consisting of two parts. In the first part, the shear wall is discretized with constant strain triangular finite elements and stiffness matrix and load vector which is attained from external effects are calculated for each of finite elements using matrix displacement method. As to second part of the study, finite element analysis of the shear wall is made by ANSYS software program. Results obtained in the second part are presented with tables and graphics, also results of each part is compared with each other, so the performance of the matrix displacement method is demonstrated. The solutions obtained by using the proposed method show excellent agreements with the results of ANSYS. The results show that this method is effective and preferable for the stress analysis of shell structures. Further studies should be carried out to be able to prove the efficiency of the matrix displacement method on the solution of plane stress problems using different types of structures.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2019

In this study, the out-of-plane seismic resistance of lightly-reinforced existing walls strengthened with thick RC jacket was investigated. The thick RC jacket with a thickness of 500 mm was placed at one side of the thin existing wall with a thickness of 150 mm. At the interface between the wall and RC jacket, a tee-shaped steel section with a number of anchor bolts and dowel bars was used as the shear connector. To investigate the connection performance and strengthening effects, the cyclic loading tests of four jacketed wall specimens were performed. The tests showed that the flexural strength of the jacketed walls under out-of-plane loading was significantly increased. During the initial behavior, the tee shear connector transferred forces successfully at the interface without slip. However, as the cracking, spalling, and crushing of the concrete increased in the exiting walls, the connection performance at the interface was significantly degraded and, consequently, the strength of the jacketed walls was significantly decreased. The flexural strength of the jacketed walls with tee shear connector was estimated considering the full and partial composite actions of the tee shear connector.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 정적 및 액상화와 같은 동적하중을 받는 흙의 거동해석을 위한 두 개의 활성면을 가진 구성모델을 제안하였다. 이 모델은 두 개의 활성면에 기초하고 있으며, 첫번째면은 회전하는 최대전단면을 나타내며 두 번째면은 고정된 수평면을 나타낸다. 이와 같은 두 개의 활성면을 이용하여 본 모델은 초기의 다른 응력상태하에 있는 시료의 직접단순전단시에 발생하는 주응력회전현상을 모델링할 수 있다. 제안된 모델은 초기의 응력비에 관계없이 평균유효응력이 동일할 경우에 유사한 거동을 보이는 흙의 실내실험결과를 묘사할 수 있다 그리고, 배수시 반복 직접단순전단으로 발생하는 흙의 거동 즉 제하시에 나타나는 체적감소 및 대변형에서 발생하는 체적팽창을 묘사할 수 있다. 비배수시의 흙의 정적 및 동적 거동은 배수거동에서 흙 골격사이에 존재하는 물의 구속력을 고려함으로써 해석하였다. 본 모델의 구성관계식은 응력-물의 상관관계를 동시에 묘사할 수 있는 FLAC을 이용하여 구현하였다. 배수 직접단순전단 시험을 이용한 Fraser River Sand의 실험결과를 이용하여 모델을 먼저 검증하였으며, 동일한 입력변수를 이용한 Fraser River Sand 비배수 거동의 예측치와 실험치를 비교하여 검증하였다.