• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.960-967
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a user interface technique based on embedded sensors applying to apps in smart phone. Especially, we implement avata generation application using image filtering technique for photo image in smart phone. In the application, The embedded sensors are used as intuitive user interface to adjust the image filtering effect for making user satisfied effect in real time after the system produced the image filtering effect for avatar. This technique provides not a simple typed method of parameter values adjustment but a new intuitively emotional adjustment method in image filtering applications. The proposed technique can use sound values from embedded mike sensor for adjusting key values of sketch filter effect if the smart phone user produces sound. Similiarly the proposed technique can use coordinate values from embedded acceleration sensor for adjusting masking values of oil painting filter effect and use brightness values from embedded light sensor for adjusting masking values of sharp filter effect. Finally, we implement image filtering application and evaluate efficiency and effectiveness for the proposed technique.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2003

Plasma spraying technique was used to fabricate functionally graded coating (FGC) of NiCrAIY/YSZ 8wt%$Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$ on a Co-base superalloy (HAYNES 188) substrate. Six layers were coated on the substrate for building up compositionally graded architecture. Conventional thermal barrier coating (TBC) of NiCrAIY/SZ with sharp interface was also fabricated. As-coated FGC and TBC samples were exposed at the temperature of $1100^{\circ}C$ for 10, 50, 100 hours in air. Microstructural change of thermally exposed samples was examined. Pores and microcracks were formed in YSZ layer due to evolution of thermal internal stress at high temperature. The amount of pores and microcracks in YSZ layer were increased with increasing exposure time at high temperature. High temperature oxidation of coatings occurred mainly at the NiCrAIY/YSZ interface. In comparison with the case of TBC. the increased area of the NiCrAIY/YSZ interface in FGC is likely to attribute to forming the higher amount of oxides.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.429-445
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• 2008

Two-phase compressible flow fields of air-water are investigated numerically in the fixed Eulerian grid framework. The phase interface is captured via volume fractions of each phase. A way to model two phase compressible flows as a single phase one is found based on an equivalent equation of states of Tait's type for a multiphase cell. The equivalent single phase field is discretized using the Roe‘s approximate Riemann solver. Two approaches are tried to suppress the pressure oscillation phenomena at the phase interface, a passive advection of volume fraction and a direct pressure relaxation with the compressible form of volume fraction equation. The direct pressure equalizing method suppresses pressure oscillation successfully and generates sharp discontinuities, transmitting and reflecting acoustic waves naturally at the phase interface. In discretizing the compressible form of volume fraction equation, phase interfaces are geometrically reconstructed to minimize the numerical diffusion of volume fraction and relevant variables. The motion of a projectile in a water-filled tube which is fired by the release of highly pressurized air is simulated presuming the flow field as a two dimensional one, and several design factors affecting the projectile movement are investigated.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2021

In this study, the layered structures of immiscible Fe and Cu metals were employed to investigate the interface evolution through solid-state mixing. The pure Fe and Cu powders were cold-consolidated by high-pressure torsion (HPT) to fabricate a layered Cu-Fe-Cu structure. The microstructural evolutions and flow of immiscible Fe and Cu metals were investigated following different iterations of HPT processing. The results indicate that the HPT-processed sample following four iterations showed a sharp chemical boundary between the Fe and Cu layers. In addition, the Cu powders exhibited perfect consolidation through HPT processing. However, the Fe layer contained many microcracks. After 20 iterations of HPT, the shear strain generated by HPT produced interface instability, which caused the initial layered structure to disappear.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2006

Recent experiments have demonstrated high TMR ratios in MTJs with the MgO barrier [1,2]. The CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB junctions showed better properties than the CoFe/MgO/CoFe junctions because the MgO layer had a good crystalline structure with (001) texture and smooth and sharp interface between CoFeB/MgO [3]. The amorphous CoFeB with 20 at%B starts the crystallization at $340^{\circ}C$ [4] and this crystallization of the CoFeB helps obtaining the high TMR ratio. In this work, the compositional changes in the MgO barrier and at the interface of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB after the CoFeB crystallization were studied in annealed MTJs. XPS depth profiles were utilized. TEM analyses showed that the MgO barrier had (100) texture on CoFeB in the junctions. B in the bottom CoFeB layer diffused into the MgO barrier and B-oxide was formed at the interface of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB after the CoFeB crystallization.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

Recently, in addition to the sharp increase of mobile nodes, various kinds of wireless technologies are available for mobile nodes. If IPv6 technology is applied to the network, multi-homing terminals which have several public IP addresses on one interface will be common. Accordingly, there are many research activities on mobility management for multi-interface, multi-homming nodes. In this paper we propose an extended fast handover mechanism for multi-interface MIPv6 environments that uses multi-interface FBU (MFBU) message instead of the existing FBU message. The MFBU message has the "tunnel destination" mobility option that points a specific tunnel destination other than NAR, and "T" flag that indicates the existence of tunnel destination option. The proposed mechanism can improve the TCP performance by mitigating packet reordering during FMIPv6 handover that can cause unnecessary congestion control due to 3 duplicate ACKs. In this paper, we implemented a multi-Interface MIPv6 simulator by extending a single-interface MIPv6 simulator in NS-2, and showed that the performance of TCP traffic is improved by using the proposed multi-interface fast MIPv6.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Epoxy-amine liquid prepolymers are extensively applied onto metallic substrates and cured to obtain painted materials or bonded joint structures. Overall performances of such systems depend on the created interphase between the organic layer and the substrate. When epoxy-amine liquid mixtures are applied onto more or less hydrated metallic oxide layer, concomitant amine chemical sorption and hydroxide dissolution appear lending to the chelate formation. As soon as the chelate concentration is higher than the solubility product, these species crystallize as sharp needles. Moreover, intrinsic and thermal residual stresses are developed within painted or bonded systems. When residual stresses are higher than the organic layer/substrate adhesion, buckling, blistering, debonding may occur leading to a catastrophic drop of system performances. Practical adhesion can be evaluated with either ultimate parameters (Fmax or Dmax) or the critical strain energy release rate, using the three point flexure test (ISO 14679-1997). We observe that, for the same system, the ultimate load decreases while residual stresses increase when the liquid/solid time increases. Ultimate loads and residual stresses depend on the metallic surface treatment. For these systems, the critical strain energy release rate which takes into account the residual stress profile and the Young's modulus gradient remains quite constant whatever the metallic surface treatment was. These variations will be discussed and correlate to the formation mechanisms of the interphase.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.442-446
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• 1995

Electronic structures of Fe overlayers on Cr(Fe/Cr) films, with an Fe coverage of $1-20{\AA}$, have been investigated by using photoemission spectroscopy. Experimental results are compared with supercell band structure calculations for a system with monolayer (ML) Fe on each side of five layer Cr, Fe(1ML)/Cr(5ML)/Fe(1ML). The extracted Fe 3d partial spectral weight in Fe/Cr exhibits very interesting features for very thin Fe overlayers. First, a sharp emissionnear the Fermi energy is observed, which is expected to originate primarily from hybridization between Fe and Cr 3d electrons at the Fe/Cr interface, and partially from the Fe 3d surface states in the Fe overlayer. Second, other structures are observed at higher binding energies which resemble the Cr 3d valence bands, also suggesting large hybridization between Fe and Cr 3d states at the Fe/Cr interface. These conjectures are confirmed by band structure calculations for Fe(1ML)/Cr(5ML)/Fe(1ML).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 2002

A rainwater recharge model, which is combined with the quasi-three dimensional unconfined groundwater flow, is proposed in the present paper. The water budget in the catchments of the planned new campus of Kyushu University is evaluated by the present method that calculates both the surface runoff and groundwater flow simultaneously. The results obtained in the present study reveal that the calculated monthly and annual runoff discharges agree reasonably well with the observed discharge. Combining the rainwater recharge model, the two-phase groundwater flow equation is numerically solved f3r the entire area including the low land where the salt water intrusion is observed. The calculated depth of the salt-fresh interface agrees reasonably well with the observed ones at several cross sections. On the other hand, however, it is found that the calculated water budget remains uncertain because of lack of information on the accurate potential evapotranspiration including rainfall interception. In conclusion, however, it is found that the proposed method is applicable for the areas where the horizontal flow is dominant and the interface is assumed to be sharp.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

A nondestructive quality inspection technique using acoustic impulse response method was studied to investigate the feasibility of egg shell inspection. An experimental system was built to generate impact force, to measure the response signal and to analyze the frequency spectrum. This system includes an impulse generating unit, an egg holding seat, a microphone with preamplifier, and a digital oscilloscope connected to Personal Computer by RS-232C interface. The factors such as impulse generating method, egg holding method, and sensor location were evaluated by analyzing the power spectrum density of the measured signal. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. From the sampled eggs, the proper conditions for detecting damaged eggs were found as followings; ceramic for the impact ball material, rubber for egg seat material, 20 degrees for an impact angle of pendulum, 10mm for the distance between egg and sensor, the sharp side for impacting part, and 180 degrees for the location of sensor. 2. Examination of the Fourier transformed analysis in beth normal and damaged eggs revealed that those factors such as the resonant frequency, a number of peak frequencies and the magnitude of power spectrum were important to detect damaged eggs.