• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.115-129
• /
• 2004

We investigated the prevalence of eating disorder risk group and its relationship with Physique status and eating behavior among high school students in Daejeon. In May - June 2002, 350 students were sampled from 6 high schools in Daejeon by multi-stage cluster sampling and assessed with self-completing questionnaires. We used the Korean version of Eating Attitude test(EAT-26) to screen eating disorder risk group. and other instruments to screen physique status and eating behavior. The response rate was 91%(total 320) and numbers of female students were 167(52.2%) and male students were 153(47.8%). Average age was 16.0${\pm}$0.35 years, and average body-mass index(BMI) and PIBW(Percent Ideal Body Weight) were 20.9${\pm}$3.3 Kg/m2 and 102${\pm}$4.2% in male students, 20.2${\pm}$3.7 Kg/m2 and 98${\pm}$7.2% in female students(p<0.0001). Over 50% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body shape; the degree of dissatisfaction with body shape was higher in those who believed themselves to be fat. Mean score of EAT-26 was higher in female students (10.78${\pm}$7.36) than male students(6.07${\pm}$4.39)(p<0.0001). The prevalence of high risk eating disorder group was 2.6% in male students, 11.4% in female students(p<0.0001). Eating behavior was better in female students than male(p<0.0001). Eating behavior was significantly higher in eating disorder risk group in both sex. Therefore eating disorder symptomatology was highly prevalent among high school students in Daejeon. And this symptomatology has a more close relationship with physique status and eating behavior in female students.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.72-86
• /
• 2008

This research focused on determining the brassiere preference index and wearing status of chinese ladies in their 20's living in the Shanghai region of China, to help Korean lingerie companies in their development of bras to successfully advance into the Chinese lingerie market. The main research tool of this research was various different surveys, and the results of the surveys were evaluated using the SPSS 12.0 for Window program. The results of the survey can be summarized as: 1) consciousness and satisfaction level of the body. The satisfaction level of the brest was proportionate to the size of the brassiere, thus, people showed higher level of satisfaction for cone-shaped, semi-circular shaped, prominent-shaped(exposing), lifted-shaped brest over flat-shaped brest. Concerning the relationship between the shape of the brest and the age of the customers, people under 22 years of age preferred flat-shaped, and those between 23-24 years of age preferring exposing and lifted brest, thus as females mature and get older, the size of their brest increases, thus having preference on more circular and lifted-shaped brest and bras. 2) Status of bra wearing in China When we look at the size of the bra in relation to the shape of the brest, those classified as having 'flat-shaped' brest showed a high proportion of A-cups, ranging from 75A, 70A and 80A, where as those of 'cone-shaped' brest represented high ration of B-cups, ranging from 75B, 75A and 80B. Majority of those classified as having 'semi-circular shaped' and 'prominent-shaped(exposing)' brest showed a high ration in the size 80 range. And vast majority of those classified into the 'lifted-shaped' brest group, were reported of having C-cup size bras. 3) Status of Bra Purchasing As people mature, the main reason behind choosing a bra was the actual design of the bra, where they emphasized the importance of aesthetic values. People classified as having 'flat-shaped' and 'cone-shaped' brest emphasized the importance of design and beauty, while those having 'semi-circular shaped,' 'prominent-shaped(exposing),' and 'liftedshaped' brest groups emphasized the importance of hygiene and the material(fabric) of the bra. This shows that when people have relatively smaller brest, they emphasize the importance of external appearance whereas when the size of the brest increases, they pay more attention to the function of the bra rather than the external appearance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.640-646
• /
• 1997

To determine variations in leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), leaflet size (LS), and leaflet shape index (LSI), and their association with eight agronomic traits, characterization data of 884 soybean accessions which were grown in the autumn of 1992 in Taiwan were analyzed. LL ranged from 4.3 to 14.7 cm, and LW ranged from 2.8 to 9.7 cm. Also, LS (LL $\times$ LW) ranged from 12.1 to 124.6 $\textrm{cm}^2$. The absolute variation of LL, LW, and LS was not large because of limitation in vegetative growth by short day length. None was classified as a large leaflet based on the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. LSI (LL /LW) ranged from 1.21 to 3.06, and three accessions were classified as narrow leaflet. There were differences in ranges and means of LL, LW, LS, and LSI between and within temperate and tropical accessions. LL, LW, LS, and LSI had highly significant positive correlations with seven agronomic traits and highly significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight except LW for all accessions. There was variation in the closeness of association among leaflet traits, and between and within temperate and tropical accessions. Generally, LL, LW, and LS were more closely associated with days to flowering, plant height at $R_1$ and $R_8$, number of pods per plant; LSI was more closely associated with 100-seed weight than other traits.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.126-136
• /
• 2009

Purpose: We evaluated the correlation of the anatomic parameters of the acromion those represent on the magnetic resonance image (MRI) of impingement syndrome. Materials and Methods: From June, 2004 to December, 2005, 71 cases were surgically proven to be impingement syndrome, and the anterior acromial hooking angle, the lateral acromial hooking angle (AAHA and LAHA) and the acromial hooking index (AHI: the sum of the AAHA and LAHA) were compared to 16 control cases. At the same period, 55 cases were surgically proven to be partial or full thickness rotator cuff tear, and age, gender and twelve anatomic parameters, including the acromial type, the acromial angle, the anterior covering, the acromial slope, the AAHA, the lateral acromial angle, the acromial torsional angle, the lateral acromial angulation, the LAHA, the lateral covering, the acromiohumeral distance and the AHI were assessed. Results: The AAHA and AHI were increased as impingement syndrome proceeded. The acromial type and acromial angle, and the AAHA, LAHA and AHI showed significant differences between the controls and the rotator cuff tear patients on univariant analysis. On multivariant analysis, gender was most strongly correlated with rotator cuff tear. Age, AAHA and the acromial angle showed similar correlation, respectively. Conclusion: The coronal acromial shape is correlated with rotator cuff tear, and it is important to correct the lateral acromial shape when performing acromioplasty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.630-641
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.189-206
• /
• 2016

A breast model was for the human body was devised by studying a body scan and human body index of a desirable breast type. Thus, when manufacturing various 3D models, these results can accordingly become a fundamental basis for realizing a desirable breast model. This study aims to provide a basic data for designing the cup patterns of brassieres in order to improve the function and wearing comfort. The comfort of three kinds of brassieres were compared: one manufactured by the actual measured size; another manufactured as per the ratio of desirable upper and lower breast lengths; and the third manufactured by the 3D model attained by the desirable human body ratio. In this study, we suggest a process for realizing the desirable breast model using the ratio of bust breadth and waist front length, which are the components for deciding the appropriate position and size of breast, and which are easy to measure. The ideal breast shape is an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the nipple with the center of the clavicle. After deciding the interval between the nipples, this value can be used to configure the locations of nipples by drawing a tangent, with equal length, from the anterior neck point (which is the center of clavicle) to the nipple. Also, since inside points of breast do not exist, the outer point of breast, upper point of breast, and below point of breast on the same plane, and the depths from the nipple point to the respective points, are applied to simulate a 3D image, by modifications along the x, y, and z axes. Depending on the type of breast, the length from the center of shoulder to the nipple, the diameter of breast, upper length of breast, and the position of nipple, are different. In conical or protruding breast, the wearing sensation is better when the nipple point of brassiere was lifted, by modifying the upper and lower lengths of breast. Considering the wearing sensation and function of a brassiere, it was better to leave the wearer's size as it is and use a pad within the same cup, rather than increase the basal area of the breast in order to increase the volume.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the effective conservation and management in the black pine(Pinus thunbergii) stand which is located in the eastern coast of Gyeongsangbuk-do where the fragmentation of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists, and installed the seventy study sites($20{\times}20m$) in the dominant black pine stand. The black pine stand was classified into three groups(P. thunbergii - P. densiflora community, P. thunbergii - Robinia pseudoacacia community, P. thunbergii - P. densiflora-Celtis sinensis community) by a cluster analysis. As a result of Multi-Response Permutation Procedures test, there is significance among the communities. Pinus densiflora, Callicarpa japonica, Juniperus rigida, Rhododendron yedoense for. poukhanense etc. nineteen species were significant by indicator species analysis. The population structure of black pine stand showed that the class of diameter 12 to 26 cm was dominance, which had the inverse hump-shape pattern. Species diversity index(H') of investigated ranged from $1.033{\pm}0.234$ to $1.629{\pm}0.226$ in the woody layer group and from $2.448{\pm}0.457$ to $2.545{\pm}0.318$ $2.174{\pm}0.333$ in the herb layer group.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.451-455
• /
• 2009

Lilium lancifolium, which is one of the Korean native lilies, possesses several useful genetic characteristics such as growth vigor, bulbil formation and resistance to Fusarium. Hybridization was performed to insert useful traits of Asiatic hybrid "Dreamland" as the male parent with upward direction and dark brown spotless on the petal into L. lancifolium as the female parent. The rate of pollen germination of L. lancifolium and "Dreamland" were 30% and 60%, respectively. The pollen germination ratio of $F_1$ progenies at flowering date was 25-57%, which is between the parents'pollen germination ratio. The individual flowering time was between 113 days and 131 days after planting. Of 99% of all plants, the leaf shape index was more than five, which means that the leaf shape of $F_1$ plants is more influenced by female than male parent. The flower color was separated into four types. 51.5% of the progenies showed orange and 44.2% showed light orange, respectively. The colors seemed to be highly influenced by female parents. Mixed colors of parents, orange yellow and light yellow orange, were 3.1%, 1.2%, respectively. Flowering directions were segregated by three different ways, upside, side, and downside. Side direction, which is medium type between female and male parent, was 73%. All progenies showed lots of spot on petals except one offspring. The percentage of bulbil formation on leaf axil was 49.4%. Among those, the maximum number of bulbil formation was 25. The mean number of bulbil formation per plant was five.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.382-389
• /
• 2019

A novel folding process is proposed using a repeated cold-die forging and annealing to form a sterling silver ring. Sterling silver plate was cut into a doughnut shape, and lattices with 0.43-mm line-width were imprinted on it. The sample was folded by forging using dies with slopes of $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $75^{\circ}$ and annealing. For comparison, samples were also fabricated without annealing. Strain was identified by measuring the length of lattices. Vernier calipers, a Vickers hardness tester, an optical microscope, and a UV-VIS colorimeter were used to determine the size, hardness, microstructure, and body color. Without annealing, cracks occurred. However, successful deformation was possible when annealing was used. The results of macro strain measurements show that the outer diameter and width decreased, while the inner diameter and thickness increased after the final process. The maximum strain was increased 0.128 toward the parallel direction. The Vickers hardness decreased after annealing and increased after the folding process. The microstructure results showed that the grain size increased after annealing but decreased after folding. The color difference based on the Lab index was under 10 for all processes. Eventually, a doughnut-shaped silver plate was successfully deformed into a ring shape by the folding process.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2023

Climate change has emerged as a global problem, with frequent temperature increases, droughts, and floods, and it is predicted that it will have a great impact on the characteristics and productivity of crops. Cnidium officinale is used not only as traditionally used herbal medicines, but also as various industrial raw materials such as health functional foods, natural medicines, and living materials, but productivity is decreasing due to threats such as continuous crop damage and climate change. Therefore, this paper proposes a model that can predict the physiologically active ingredient index according to the climate change scenario of Cnidium officinale, a representative medicinal crop vulnerable to climate change. In this paper, data was first augmented using the CTGAN algorithm to solve the problem of data imbalance in the collection of environment information, physiological reactions, and physiological active ingredient information. Column Shape and Column Pair Trends were used to measure augmented data quality, and overall quality of 88% was achieved on average. In addition, five models RF, SVR, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and LightBGM were used to predict phenol and flavonoid content by dividing them into ground and underground using augmented data. As a result of model evaluation, the XGBoost model showed the best performance in predicting the physiological active ingredients of the sacrum, and it was confirmed to be about twice as accurate as the SVR model.