• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

In shallow water environment, the detection performance of an active sonar using matched filter with LFM(linear frequency modulation) pulse can be seriously degraded by reverberation which is considered as non-white noise. To reduce the effect of reverberation, a whitening filter preceding the matched fitter, is usually adopted. In the conventional pre-whitening filter, it is assumed that local stationarity is preserved between detection block and its right ahead block. And then by using the characteristics of the reverberation of preceding block, the reverberation of detection block is estimated and whitened. According to the environment of shallow water, the stationarity of reverberation may be preserved for more blocks. In this case, the reverberation of the detection block can be estimated more accurately if more blocks are used. In this paper, the real reverberation signal which is obtained from shallow sea is analyzed and its proper region of estimation block is examined. And the performance of pre-whitening matched filter is compared and analyzed according to the region of estimation block.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.674-679
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• 1999

The effect of wind on the circulation in Kamak Bay in the southern sea of Korea was examined using a numerical shallow water model. The experiments were primarily focused on how the effect of wind influence the tidal residual current. According to wind directions, the residual currents were changed; the westerly wind created a strong anti-clockwise eddy in the northwestern area of the bay where the flow field is usually very weak; the easterly wind strengthened the flow field in the central area of the bay; the patterns of flow fields to the north and south winds were almost the same as one without the wind, although the flow field became slightly stronger, The model flirty reproduced features in the observed current field at Pyongsa.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.4 s.41
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• pp.469-485
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Umsung area, and to elucidate the effect of host rock type, well depth and mineralization zone on the groundwater chemistry. The geology of the study area consists of Jurassic granite and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, which are bounded by a fault. Most of shallow groundwaters exploited in the Jurassic granite area are used for agricultural purpose, whereas the deep groundwaters in the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are used for a drinking water. The shallow groundwater shows weak acidic pH, the electrical conductivity ranging from $142\;to\;903\;{\mu}S/cm$, and the chemical type of $Ca-HCO_3\;to\;Ca-Cl(SO_4,\;NO_3)$. A few of shallow groundwaters are contaminated by nitrate, and show high concentration of Fe, Mn and Zn, that reflects the effect of a mineralization zone. The deep groundwater shows neutral to weak alkaline pH, higher electrical conductivity than that of shallow groundwater, and the chemical type of $Ca-HCO_3$. The seepage water from the abandoned mines does not have the characteristics such as acidic pH, high concentration of heavy metals and high sulfate content. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of groundwater indicates an altitude effect of the recharge area between deep groundwater and shallow groundwater. In conclusion, the chemical composition of groundwater complicately reflects the effects of their host rocks, well depth, agricultural activity and mineralization zone in the study area.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-127
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• 1993

Recently, ADI scheme has been a most common tool for solving shallow water equation numerically. But ADI models of tidal flow is likely to cause so called ADI effect in such a region of the Yellow Sea which shows complex topography and has submarine canyons especially. To overcome this, a finite difference algorithm is developed which adopts fully implicit method and preconditioned conjugate gradient squared method. Applying the algorithm including simulation of intertidal zone to Sae-Man-Keum. velocity fields and flooding/drying phenomena are simulated well in spite of complex topography.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2008

Pratical dispersion-correction scheme is applicated to simulate the distant propagation of tsunami. This scheme is based on the leap-frog finite difference scheme for the linear shallow-water equations. The new scheme has the advantage of using the constant spatial grid size and time step size even in area of variable depths. And this new model constructed by using the 2nd upwind scheme, dynamic linking method, and staggered grid system. This model is simulated to near Sokcho harbor about The Central East Sea Tsunami in 1983. And this result is compared to tide gage and result of former model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.957-967
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• 2015

It was reviewed for the 2D numerical simulations to evaluate the effects of flood control by detention basin, even if stage-discharge relationships for the side weir were not known. A 2D depth-integrated numerical model was constructed by the application of the finite volume method to the shallow water equations as a numerical method and the introduction of an approximate Riemann solver for the accurate calculation of fluxes. Results by the model were compared with those by the laboratory test for the cases of free overflow and submerged flow over a side weir between the channel and storage. The difference between simulated and measured discharge coefficients for the case of free overflow is very small. In addition, the results by simulations were in good agreement with those by experiments for the submerged flow over a side weir and its mechanism was reproduced well. Through this study the discharge coefficients of side weirs can be accurately determined by the 2D numerical model and a considerable degree of accuracy can be achieved to evaluate the effect of flood defenses by detention basins. Thus, it will be expected to apply this model practically to the plan of detention basins, the evaluation of design alternatives, or the management of the existing ones.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.329-338
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the temporal and spatial variation of stable isotopic compositions of surface waters and shallow ground waters at a local watershed(100$Km^2$) near the Muju area. For oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis, water samples were collected from 19-22 sites during August, October 2001, through April 2002. Seasonal variation in the isotopic compositions of surface waters was clearly shown. However, the degree of such isotopic variation was highly attenuated in shallow ground waters because of mixing with preexisting ground waters. Isotope values of surface waters and ground waters were very similar in each season, indicating that precipitation/ground water/surface water interactions were very active and continuous in the watershed. Stable isotopic ratios of surface waters in the study area were lighter than those of the downstream reach of Geum River on south, indicating “latitude effect”. Both “altitude effect” and “amount effect” were also shown in the stable isotopic ratios of surface waters in the study area as well as seasonal variation of stable isotopes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2019

Soil-rock mixture (S-RM) is an inhomogeneous geomaterial that is widely encountered in nature. The mechanical and physical properties of S-RM are important factors contributing towards different deformation characteristics and unstable modes of the talus slope. In this paper, the equivalent substitution method was employed for the preparation of S-RM test samples, and large-scale triaxial laboratory tests were conducted to investigate their mechanical parameters by varying the water content and confining pressure. Additionally, a simplified geological model based on the finite element method was established to compare the stability of talus slopes with different strength parameters and in different excavation and support processes. The results showed that the S-RM samples exhibit slight strain softening and strain hardening under low and high water content, respectively. The water content of S-RM also had an effect on decreasing strength parameters, with the decrease in magnitude of the cohesive force and internal friction angle being mainly influenced by the low and high water content, respectively. The stability of talus slope decreased with a decrease in the cohesion force and internal friction angle, thereby creating a new shallow slip surface. Since the excavation of toe of the slope for road construction can easily cause a landslide, anti-slide piles can be used to effectively improve the slope stability, especially for shallow excavations. But the efficacy of anti-slide piles gradually decreases with increasing water content. This paper can act as a reference for the selection of strength parameters of S-RM and provide an analysis of the instability of the talus slope.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.464-468
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• 1994

A marine Streptomyces sp., which produce water-soluble blue pigment was isolated from shallow-sea muds. The effect of various nutritional conditions on growth of isolated strain were investigated to facilite the potential use of this organism in industry. The effect of carbon source was characterized as a 10g/1 of soluble starch. Growth was optimum at pH 7.0 and slightly affected with more alkaline range but was shown to decrease dramatically in acidic range. Under the optimum growth conditions, isolated strain produced substantial amounts of blue pigment and biomass.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.742-753
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• 2008

Currently an increasing number of urban tunnels with small overburden are excavated according to the principle of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Therefore, a possibility of a tunnel collapse during excavation is getting higher in a proportionate manner. This paper will analyze causes the failure mechanism of a shallow NATM tunnel for different geological conditions, ground-water and invert solutions by investigation typical collapse site during tunnel construction. In this paper, this analysis performed two phase, firstly, the field investigation considering displacement measurement, ground-water level, geological characteristic, secondly, the numerical simulation considering the exist of invert construction and the effect of ground-water. It has been found that environmental factors such as state of underground water or construction sequences could influence failure mechanism of a shallow tunnel.