• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10B
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• pp.1953-1962
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• 1999

While acquiring the image, the shaking of the image capturing equipment or the object seriously damages the image quality. This phenomenon, which degrades the clarity and the resolution of the image is called motion blur. In this paper, a newly defined function is introduced for finding the degree and the length of the motion blur. The domain of this function defined as Peak-trace domain. In The Peak-trace domain, the noise dominant region for calculating the noise variance and the signal dominant region for extracting the degree and the length of the motion blur are defined and analyzed. Using the information of the Peak-trace in the signal dominant region, we can find the direction of the motion regardless of the noise corruption. Weighted least mean square method helps extracting the Peak-trace more precisely. After getting the direction of the motion blur, we can find the length of the motion blur based on one dimensional Cepstrum. In the experiment, we could efficiently restore the degraded image using the information obtained by the proposed algorithm.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Natural colorant extracts were obtained by extraction from tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea using water, methanol, ethanol and acetone as extractants at room temperature for 3 hours under shaking condition(180rpm) with liquor ratio(solid:solvent; 1:100). The main pigment components of tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea are known to be curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. The effects of the kind of extractant and pH on the color characteristics of natural colorant extracts were investigated. The solubility parameters of pigment components were determined to find adequate extractant. The solubility parameters of curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be 27.85, 29.40, 19.48 and $37.97(J/cm^3)^{1/2}$. As expected, solvents that have a solubility parameter similar to that of pigment component were generally found to be effective to obtain pigment extracts having high visible absorbance(A). The extract(pigment/solvent) with high visible absorbance was generally found to have low $L^*$(lightness) and high Chroma($C^*$, purity).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

The antibiotic meroparamycin was produced in the free culture system of Streptomyces sp. strain MAR01. Five solid substrates (rice, wheat bran, Quaker, bread, and ground corn) were screened for their ability to support meroparamycin production in solid-state fermentation. In batch culture, wheat bran recorded the highest antibacterial activity with the lowest residual substrate values. The highest residual substrate values were recorded for both ground corn and Quaker. On the other hand, no antibacterial activity was detected for rice as a solid substrate. The use of the original strength of starch-nitrate medium in the solid-state fermentation gave a lower antibacterial activity compared with the free culture system. Doubling the strength of this medium resulted in the increase in the activity to be equivalent to the free culture. The initial pH (7.0) of the culture medium and 2 ml of spore suspension (1 ml contains $5{\times}10^{9}spores/ml$) were the optima for antibiotic production. The water was the best eluent for the extraction of the antibiotic from the solid-state culture. Ten min was enough time to extract the antibiotic using a mixer, whereas, 60 min was required when shaking was applied. Semicontinuous production of meroparamycin using a percolation method demonstrated a more or less constant antibacterial activity over 4 runs ($450-480{\mu}g/ml$). The semicontinuous production of the antibiotic was monitored in a fixed-bed bioreactor and the maximum activity was attained after the fourth run ($510{\mu}g/ml$) and the overall process continued for 85 days.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Certain crop-based waste materials have been recognized as cost-effective and highly efficient adsorbents for removal and recovery of different kind of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The ability is strongly attributed to the carboxyl functional group of some pectin substances such as galacturonic acid often found in fruit peels. The present manuscript was aimed at assessing the potential applicability of banana peel for metal removal from contaminated waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: As revealed by laboratory investigations, banana peel contains pectin (10-21%), lignin (6-12%), cellulose (7.6-9.6%), and hemicelluloses (6.4-9.4%). The pectin extraction is reported to have glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactouroninc acid. Several studies conducted under different conditions proved that banana peel is capable of adsorbing 5.71, 2.55, 28.00, 6.88, 7.97, and 5.80 mg/g of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, respectively, from aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacity is, however, dependent upon several factors including solution pH, dose of adsorbent and metal concentration, contact time and shaking speed. CONCLUSION(S): Since the annual world production of banana exceeds 100 million tons, about 40 million tons of banana peel (40% of total weight of the fresh fruit) remains vastly unused. Exploring a sound technology with banana peel would therefore, not only address the much needed sustainable tool for cleaning contaminated waters, but of course bring an additional value to the banana industry worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.211-226
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• 1988

Liquid chromatographic behavior of several metal ions in dithiocarbamate(DTC) chelates were investigated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography on Novapak $C_{18}$ and ${\mu}$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ columns. The optimum conditions for the separation of DTC-metal chelate were examined with respect to the pH, shaking time, flow rate, extraction solvent, and mobile phase strength. The metal ions in mixtures at trace level, chelated with some dithiocarbamate derivatives were separated successfully on Novapak $C_{18}$ column using acetonitrile/methanol/water or acetonitril/water mixtures as mobile phases. It was found that all DTC metal chelates studied were eluted in an acceptable range of capacity factor values ($0{\leqq}log\;k'{\leqq}1$). Although several foreign metal ions were coexisted, high recovery and good precision were attained ; 97.0-106.7 % for the recovery and 0.98-3.41% for the coefficient of variation. Under the optimum analytical conditions, trace metal ions in the composite water samples were determined sucessfully with in relative error of about {\pm}$6.7 %.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

This study targeted 501 the elderly ages 65 or over in three places including the Senior Welfare Center and the college for seniors located in Daegu City and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The study results on the preference for oral health care management items across different ages showed that the age group of 65~69 fluoride application; the age group of 65~74 scaling and education of brushing; the age group of 70~74 denture cleaning and maintenance; the age group of 75 denture production. In the relationship between the self-perceived oral condition and the items of oral health care management, respondents who currently have a poor oral condition or have greater chewing trouble, or have higher dry mouth, preference the manufacturing of dentures in most cases. Respondents who have a lower number of teeth or wear dentures preference dentures cleansing and management in most cases. Respondents who have shaking teeth or have frequent tooth pain preference tooth extraction. Since the preference for oral health care management items may differ by their age or oral condition, oral health management customized to each individual should be applied.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to optimize the experimental conditions for bioleaching of arsenic (As) using Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 and to understand the interaction between bacteria and As during bioleaching. Five variables, temperature, time, CaCO₃, coconut oil cake, and shaking rate, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken design (BBD). Maximum (73.2%) bioleaching of As was observed at 30℃, 60 h incubation, 1.75% CaCO₃, 3% coconut oil cake, and 140 rpm. Sequential extraction of bioleached soil revealed that the isolate Herbaspirillum sp. GW103 significantly reduced 28.6% of water soluble fraction and increased 38.8% of the carbonate fraction. The results of the study indicate that the diazotrophic bacteria Herbaspirillum sp. could be used for bioleaching As from mine soil.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.969-977
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• 2024

Indigo is a valuable, natural blue dye that has been used for centuries in the textile industry. The large-scale commercial production of indigo relies on its extraction from plants and chemical synthesis. Studies are being conducted to develop methods for environment-friendly and sustainable production of indigo using genetically engineered microbes. Here, to enhance the yield of bioindigo from an E. coli whole-cell system containing tryptophanase (TnaA) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), we evaluated tryptophan transporters to improve the transport of aromatic compounds, such as indole and tryptophan, which are not easily soluble and passable through cell walls. Among the three transporters, Mtr, AroP, and TnaB, AroP enhanced indigo production the most. The combination of each transporter with AroP was also evaluated, and the combination of AroP and TnaB showed the best performance compared to the single transporters and two transporters. Bioindigo production was then optimized by examining the culture medium, temperature, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentration, shaking speed (rpm), and pH. The novel strain containing aroP and tnaB plasmid with tnaA and FMO produced 8.77 mM (2.3 g/l) of bioindigo after 66 h of culture. The produced bioindigo was further recovered using a simple method and used as a watercolor dye, showing good mixing with other colors and color retention for a relatively long time. This study presents an effective strategy for enhancing indigo production using a combination of transporters.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1996

This research was carried out to clarify effects of cultural condition on the content of Alisol B-monoacetate, whose function is antihypercolesterol in blood, and yield in Alisma Rhizomes. When the corm part of Alisma Rhizomes was extracted by shaking extraction at $25^{\circ}C$ and reflux extraction at $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ four times, the total content of Alisol B-monoacetate was 0. 402%, 0. 425% and 0. 402% at $25^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively. The recovery rate was 97% by three times extraction at $25^{\circ}C$, and 96% and 97% by three times extraction at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively. When the corm was harvested on Oct. 30, the content of Alisol B-monoacetate was 0. 46% but it was increased to 0. 71% on Nov. 30. In the case of Oct. 30, the corms of $S(4{\sim}14g\; FW)$ size were determined to contain the highest level of Alisol B-monoacetate (0. 53%), and the content was decreased as the corn size was increased. This tendency was also adopted on Nov. 30. On the other hand, the content of crude protein and starch was changed rarely by the period of harvest. When the planting depth was $0{\sim}1cm$, the yield was the highest as 206kg/10a, and the yield was decreased as the planting depth was deep. The variation of the content of Alisol B-monoacetate was small as 0. 33% to 0. 39% by planting depth. From the above results it could be concluded that the optimum time for harvest of Alisma Rhizomes is Nov. 30 and the optimum planting depth is $0{\sim}1cm$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2012

The lignocellulytic enzymes including a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) were extracted from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus eryngii. Different extraction buffers and conditions were tested for optimal recovery of the enzymes. The optimum extraction was shaking incubation (200 rpm) for 2 h at $4^{\circ}C$. ${\alpha}$-Amylase was extracted with the productivity range from 1.20 to 1.6 Unit/SMC g. Cellulase was recovered with the productivity range from 2.10 to 2.80 U/gf. ${\beta}$-glucosidase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase productivities showed lowest recovery producing 0.1 U/g and 0.02 U/g, respectively. The P. eryngii SMCs collected from three different mushroom farms showed different recovery on laccase and xylanse, cellulase. Furthermore, the water extracted SMC was compared to commercial enzymes for its industrial application in decolorization and cellulase activity.