• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the disclosure patterns of sexual abuse in children and adolescent victims. Methods : A sample of 153 children and adolescents who visited the Sunflower children's Center (Incheon) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012 were analyzed. The medical records of the victims were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Ninety (58.8%) subjects made a disclosure of sexual abuse voluntarily. The revelation was most commonly made to a parent. The severity and duration of sexual abuse were related to the disclosure patterns. In addition, the group that displayed below average intelligence, particularly subjects in the group with borderline intellectual functioning, tended to disclose their history of abuse less voluntarily than the subjects with normal intelligence. Conclusion : The current study provides insight into the factors that affect disclosure patterns in children and adolescent sexual abuse victims. To prevent sexual abuse, we suggest that special legal assistance and social concern be required for children and adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.80-97
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe a process of sexual adjustment of individuals with spinal cord injury: and to describe and explore positive and negative influences on the adjustment process. This qualitative study was conducted with 10 Korean individuals with spinal cord injury who had been physically disabled for more than one year. Data were collected and analysed at a same time using grounded theory method. Major categories of this study showed a process how the individuals with spinal cord injury adjust to their individual life as sexual beings. The process included and individual responses to the behavioral efforts including and . Initially physical aspects of sexuality seemed to be affected by spinal cord injuries. The changed physical aspects then influenced other aspects of their sexual life. Life satisfaction of each individual as a sexual being revealed as very subjective. It could be defined according to how the individual approved their sexual life no matter what and how much behavioral effort the person had done. In this study 3 types of sexual adjustment aspects were explored: 'Active adjustment' 'Passive adjustment' 'Maladjustment'. There were negative and positive factors influencing the adjustment process of individuals with spinal cord injury. Those factors might come from themselves, from families, or from social situations. Findings of this study suggested that sexual life of individuals with spinal cord injury should not be understood as a physical or behavioral matter. It was a combination of physical, psychological and social aspects of life. Therefore, appropriate rehabilitation programs for the sexual adjustment of individuals with spinal cord injury need to concern heterogeneous life values of them and obtain individualized services for each individual at a different stage of the sexual adjustment process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1018-1034
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to construct model of sexual adjustment in people with spinal cord injury and to determine factors that relate to sexual adjustment using methodological triangulation. A total of 134 persons who were registered members of spinal cord injury organization and admitted rehabilitation unit in the hospital were included in the study. Participants answered questionnaire concerning importance of life events, sexual concern, sexual adjustment. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured indepth interviews from 10 individuals with spinal cord injury who were previously included in the quantitative study. Constant compatative method was used to analyze the data. The results were as follows : 1) With respect to eleven other areas of life, sex life ranked the sixth and economic status ranked the highest in terms of importance. However social life ranked the lowest among the 11areas. 2) Among seven topics related to sexuality were methods and techniques to achieve sexual satisfaction, and helping a partner cope emotionally with limitation on sexual dysfunction was the second greastest. 3) The mean score for sexual adjustment was 19.47 which can be considered. 4) A process on how individuals with spinal cord injury adjust to their changed sexual life immerged from the qualitative data. It includs 4 stages: 'stage of loss' 'stage of endeavoring' 'stage of effort' and 'stage of adjustment'. Categories showing context for the action/interaction strategies were 'steadiness' and 'rediscovery as a sexual being'. There were three factors which may stimulate the adjustment process while the others may interrupt it. Those factors included personal matters, family matters and social matters. The individuals may follow each stage step by step but may go back to the previous step depending on the outcomes of their adjustment. 5) There were three factors which may stimulate the adjustment process while the others may interrupt it. Those factors included personal matters, family matters and social matters.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.591-605
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• 2000

With the improvement of nutritive conditions and the influence of abundant information as well as various cultural aspects imported from foreign countries, puberty develops more rapidly in the body today. This study was conducted to suggest some ideas that are useful in planning sexual education programs in middle schools with ultimate aim being to promote sexual health. The subject of this survey consisted of 534 fifth graders from 4 schools in Hongchon. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The degree of sexual knowledge of adolescents showed a low average 31.00 and the degree of sexual attitude showed an average of 62.0. 2. With respect to demographic characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in sexual knowledge according to the following: living with parents (t=5.913. p=.015), father's education(F=3.213, p=.041), economic status (F=5.073 p= .007); and in sexual attitudes. there were statistically significant differences according to father's education (F=3.912. p = .002), and interest in the other sex (F=3.292, p=.038). 3. The level of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of adolescents was correlated at significant levels(r= .354. p= .000). The findings of this study indicated that a variety of systematic sexual education programs suitable for each stage of adolescence should be developed along with family, society, and the country's higher concern and enlightenment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.236-251
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• 1998

This study aimed at comprehending the meaning of sexual life for aged people, their strength of sexual desire and causes of change in their sexual life. It was another purpose to understand the extent of aged people's acknowledging the necessity of sexual consultation. This study adopted descriptive method using open-ended questionaires. The data for study was collected from 26 people over 65 years who reside in communities. It was gathered from April to June of 1998 through interview. The interviewee includes 16 males, 9 females and their average age was 73.3. 19 people among them have spouses. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) Attitude to sexual life: The meaning of sexual life for aged people is categorized as 'sense of duty', 'feeling of intimacy', 'basic desire', 'decrease of meaning' and 'meaningless'. 2) Sexual desire: Sexual desire of aged people is categorized as 'extinction', 'decrease', 'continuation' and 'restraint'. Restraint of sexual desire is due to social convention or the difficulty in fulfilling desire. 3) Causes of troubles in sexual life Causes which lead to troubles in sexual life of aged people can be categorized as 'physical', 'psychological' and 'social'. 'Physical' elements include 'incompetence of erection', 'decrease in duration of erection', 'increase in time needed to re-erection', 'declining of physical strength', 'decrease in vagina secretion' and 'worsening of health'. Among 'psychological' elements 'decrease of self-confidence', 'diminished concern of female aged people' are. 'Social elements' are 'absence of sexual parter', 'circumstances of living' and 'recognition of neighbor'. 4) Response to change of sexual life The reaction of aged people to change of sexual activities is classified as 'positive' and 'negative'. 5) Attitude to the consultation of sexual life of aged people The attitude to the consultation of sexual life in old age is classified as 'negative', 'doubtful' and 'positive'. This study explored the meaning which aged people in community attach to sexual life, the extent of their sexual desire, the causes of troubles in their sexual life, their emotional response to changes in sexual life, their recognition of necessity in sexual consultation. Considering the frequency of the statement, most of aged people who were interviewed thought much of sexual life and put emphasis on it. Those who said that sexual life has decreased meaning or is not important to them are few, Though aged people still maintain sexual desire, most of them have some trouble in sexual life. These trouble changes the sexual life, and results in negative feeling such as depression, renunciation and difficulty in relations. So they acknowledged that sexual consultation is necessary to them.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find the influences of the perceived economical difficulty, gender equality consciousness and sexual subjectivity on the adolescents' attitude to prostitution to examine the moderating effects of gender equality consciousness and sexual subjectivity between the perceived economical difficulty and the adolescents' attitude to prostitution, and to provide some recommendations for intervention to improve more appropriate attitude of adolescents on prostitution. Methods: The data used for this study is from the survey with a sample of 1,151 students from 14 middle and high schools in Chungbuk province. Results: The main results of this study are as follows: First, there are statistical differences in the adolescents' attitude to prostitution according to gender, grade, and the type of school. Second, there is a positive effect of the perceived economical difficulty, gender equality consciousness and sexual subjectivity on the adolescents' attitude to prostitution. Third, there are positive moderating effects of sexual subjectivity between the perceived economical difficulty and the adolescents' attitude to prostitution. Conclusions: Intervening in the sex education at an early stage, advertising prostitution's harmful effect at the level of a social concern and developing diverse programs to enhance the sexual subjectivity of students are recommended to promote appropriate attitude of adolescents about prostitution.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1998

This study uses [the instrument of ageing anxiety] in order to find if a negative prejudice against the old affects the attitude toward sex of the aged. The result shows no significant relation between ageing anxiety and the knowledge of and attitude toward sex of the aged. However, it does show that the higher the ageing anxiety is, the lower the knowledge of sex and the more restrictive the attitude toward it. The knowledge of and attitude toward sex of the aged shows meaninggul changes after education. Nursing students who were educated come to have more knowledge about and are more open to it. This result supports the preposition of this study. As society grows older the endeavour to guarantee a high-quality life for the old is necessary and the old should be regarded as an entity which has its own characteristic desires. Especially for the old to enjoy a good life as a sexual being, the mystical barriers about sex and old age ought to be removed. In the future the old themselves may maintain sexual desires regardless of age and society will be required to correct its prejudice against the old having sex. Particularly nursing students, as an effort to provide the old with overall care, should examine the elderly's sexual desires in a physical, psychological, and social context and consider the normal sexual changes occuring during the aging process and finally integrate this information into their nursing plans. In order to fulfill this role successfully they should overcome their own prejudice and educate themselves about this particular problem. As the proportion of the old becomes bigger and the concern about the quality of their life grows, sex among the old will become more important in the nursing field. By putting an educational mediation programme into operation with nursing students and estimating the effect, this study supplies the foundation to activate new educational programmes. In short it tells us that education can be a practical method to confront the myth and conventions concerning sex among the aged.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1304-1313
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sex education program, which was based on the Health Belief Model, on knowledge related to sexually transmitted diseases and sexual autonomy among university students. Method: A non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The four session program was delivered to 18 students during 4 weeks; the control group consisted of 23 students. The theme of the first session was 'sex, gender, and sexuality: all our concern', 'dangerous sex' for the second session, 'safe sex' for the third session, and 'right sex for you and me' for the fourth session. Result: At follow-up, the knowledge related to sexually transmitted diseases and sexual autonomy were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: A sex education program with several sessions within the theoretical frame of HBM was effective to improve knowledge related to sexually transmitted diseases and sexual autonomy. The results suggest the potential of a systematic sexual education program to teach healthy sex and to extend the program for other various populations.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2021

Purpose: Sexuality is a fundamental element of human life and is closely related to mental health. This study was conducted to understand domestic research trends on gender, mental health, and psychological well-being through an integrated review. Methods: Through four domestic databases, 15 papers were finally selected using the search terms 'sex', 'mental health', and 'psychological well-being'. Results: Fifteen papers have been published since 2000 and 10 documents have been published since 2010. A majority of the studies were basic research and reviews, and these included four qualitative studies. Depending on the subject, we classified five articles into three themes by the developmental stages (youth, married women, and the elderly), eight sexual minority studies, and two other studies (right to sexual self-determination, and dating for people with disabilities). Conclusion: A more open social concern and approach to sex, the most basic human need, is warranted. The field of nursing practice requires more attention.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.355-361
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• 2016

The menarcheal age of Korean women has been rapidly decreasing for the last 50 years, and the average menarcheal age of women born in the 1990s is approaching 12.6 years. In addition, interest in early puberty has been increasing recently owing to the rapid increase in precocious puberty. Generally, out of concern for short stature and early menarche, idiopathic central precocious puberty in female adolescents is treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. Studies to date have described the association between early menarche and psychosocial problems such as delinquency and risky sexual behavior, as well as physical health problems such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and breast cancer throughout the lifespan of women. However, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this association has not been clarified thus far. In this article, we review and discuss the existing literature to describe the current understanding of the effects of early menarche on the physical and psychosocial health of adolescent girls and adult women.