• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-116
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether power-of-speech have an impact on persuasion in radio CM and to determine what is stronger variable either power-of-speech or sex of source. Previous research showed confused result about this issue. Some research supposed the effect of power-of-speech depend on sex of source/Carli, 1990) but the others supposed it is not(Holtgraves & Lasky, 1999; Erickson, Lind, Johnson, & O'Barr, 1978). So present research is designed to show empirical evidence about this issue examining the interaction between effect of power-of-speech and sex of source. Result revealed that power-of-speech affects strongly on persuasion and that effect have no interaction with sex of source. This result means that the effect of power-of-speech is stronger than the effect of sex of source. But in attitude toward product exceptionally, female source using powerful speech induce more favorable attitude toward product than female source using powerless speech whereas male source using powerful and powerless speech induce same attitude toward product.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents' maladjustment in terms of type and source of social support. The main results of this study were as follows; 1. In social support source the mean score of peer support was higher than family support. In social support type the mean score of expressive support was higher than other support type. 2. Social support source was found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother and income. Social support type was found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother. Maladjustment were found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother Maladjustment were found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother income and marital satisfaction of the mother. 3. In social support source it was significantly it was signif cantly different according to all maladjustment subscale in family support and to over-anxiousness social withdrawal and hyperactivity in peer support. In social support type it was significantly different according to over-anxiousness hyperactivity and delinquency in esteem support and to over-anxiousness in informational support.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2019

Background: Sex influences is important to understand behavioral manifestations in a large number of neuropsychiatric disorders. We found electrophysiological differences specifically related to the influence of sex on psychopathic traits. Methods: The resting electroencephalography (EEG) activity and low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) for the EEG spectral bands were evaluated in 38 teenagers with conduct disorder (CD). The 25 male and 13 female subjects had psychopathic traits as diagnosed using the Antisocial Process Screening Device. All of the included adolescents were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. The visually inspected EEG characteristics and the use of frequency-domain quantitative analysis techniques are described. Results: Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis showed that the slow-wave activities in the right frontal and left central regions were higher and the alpha-band powers in the left central and bitemporal regions were lower in the male than the female psychopathic traits group. The current source density showed increases in paralimbic areas at 2.73 Hz and decreases in the frontoparietal area at 9.37 Hz in male psychopathics relative to female psychopathics. Conclusions: These findings indicate that QEEG analysis and techniques of source localization can reveal sex differences in brain electrical activity between teenagers with CD and psychopathic traits that are not obvious in visual inspections.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents' maladjustment in terms of type and source of social support. The main results of this study were as follows; 1. In social support source the mean score of peer support was higher than family support. In social support type the mean score of expressive support was higher than other support type. 2. Social support source was found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother. Malajustment were found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother income and marital satisfaction of the mother. 3. In social support source it was significantly different according to all maladjustment subscale in family support and to over-anxiousness social withdrawal and hyperactivity in peer support. In social support type it was significantly different according to over-anxiousness and social withdrawal in expressive support to socia withdrawal over-anxiousness hyperactivity and delinquency in esteem support and to over-anxiounsness in informational support.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 1997

This study examines knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward sexual activity among 412 college students in Seoul. An 127-item questionnaire is used in order to understand and consider alcircumstances involved in decisions about sexual activity, and to reflect to the course on healthy sexuality. The major findings are as follows: 1. ‘Books/media’ and ‘friends’ are the primary source of sexual knowledge. 2. Despite the increased number of sxeducation programs, peers apparently remain the major source of information and the counsellor of the sexual problems(71.6%). 3. About ninety percent of males and 14.2 percent of females masurbate. Although mastubation is anormal response to pleasurable bodily feelings, students feel ‘unnatural’, ‘bad’ or ‘guilty’. 4. For some students, sexual intercourse is perceived as the natural outgrowth of love. More than thirty oercent of males and 8. 1 percent of females are engaged in inter -course. 5. Asking parents or teachers to be specific in talking about sex makes it uncomfortable to discuss sex. 6. Sex education should begin in the family and in school in early childhood and continue throughout life. 7. Sexual feelings and emotions are stirred up differently between male and female by sexual sensations. 8. Half of the intimate relationship with opposite sex shows a love relationship with sexual closeness and pleasure. Unguided reading or peers remain the primary source of information about topics like masurbation and sexual technique. Thus, schools should be responsible for the more value-laden subjects (such as birth control, homosexuality, and sexual techniques). And inclusionof a peer education componebt that modified college students' perceived peer norms may be the intervention method of choice. The prevention of health problems is far more desirable than treatment. The earlier the knowledge and skill to make healthful decisions are instilled, the greater the chance a healthful lifestyle will be adopted. School is the logical place in our society to provide the college students learning opportunities essential to developing the knowledge and skills to choose a healthful life course.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to identify and understand sexuality in 10th grade co-ed students in Seoul, Korea in order to construct practical curriculum for sex education for youth. Method: One-hour class per week was done to the 3 classes among 6 classes for Spring semester in 1999: small group discussion(for 3 classes) & questionnaires(6 classes) were taken. Results: Despite the increased number of sex education programs, peers apparently remain the major source of information and the counselor of their sexual problems. The rate of correct answer of the sex knowledge is still low, especially on biological aspects of opposite sex. Western culture and women's movements have changed our society. In turn, sexual sterotypes and roles have been changing. Small group discussions were taken after the classes of pregnancy, abortion and unmarried parents. Their opinions on maintaining virginity were collected. The condition of choosing spouse and boy/girl friend is quite different in many aspects.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate contraception knowledge and sexual behavior in female high school students. Methods: The participants were 382 female high school students from one academic and one vocational school. Data was collected from October to November, 2008 using self report questionnaire. Results: Knowledge on contraception was 5.52 in maximum 14 point scale. Major information source for sexual matters was peers such as friends or sisters. Perception on sexual behavior was different according to major information source. Fifty five percents of students thought that kiss can be permitted, and regarded sexual behavior as natural development. 3.4% of participants had experience of sexual intercourse. Conclusion: It is indicated that perception on sexual behavior can be shaped according to correct information and positive attitude on natural sexual development by health profession. Also, education on contraception would be included in sex education to reduce teenage pregnancy.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2014

The mechanisms by which iron is absorbed are similar to those of divalent metals, particularly manganese, lead, and cadmium. These metals, however, show different toxicokinetics in relation to menarche or menopause, although their interaction with iron is the same. This review focuses on the kinetics of these three toxic metals (manganese, lead, and cadmium) in relation to menarche, pregnancy, and menopause. The iron-manganese interaction is the major factor determining sex-specific differences in blood manganese levels throughout the whole life cycle. The effects of estrogen overshadow the association between iron deficiency and increased blood lead concentrations, explaining why women, despite having lower ferritin concentrations, have lower blood lead concentrations than men. Iron deficiency is associated with elevated cadmium levels in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women or men; these findings indicate that sex-specific differences in cadmium levels at older ages are not due to iron-cadmium interactions, and that further studies are required to identify the source of these differences. In summary, the potential causes of sex-specific differences in the blood levels of manganese, lead, and cadmium differ from each other, although all these three metals are associated with iron deficiency. Therefore, other factors such as estrogen effects, or absorption rate as well as iron deficiency, should be considered when addressing environmental exposure to toxic metals and sex-specific differences in the blood levels of these metals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1178-1181
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• 2002

Records from a total of 202 crossbred pigs were classified by their ear type and coat color to examine the presence of interrelationships with growth performances. Crossbred pigs were F2 generations of full sib family out of ten Landrace sows bred by 5 Korean domestic boars. Heavily drooped ear type was predominant, 195 out of 202 pigs over the other two types (1 straight and 6 slightly drooped). Coat colors were classified as four categories, all white, all black, dominant white or dominant black. Ratio among coat color categories did not fall within Mendelian principle of independence regarding two loci involved. There was dependency between ear type and coat color. However, due to rarity of ear types other than heavy drooped, dependency comes from distribution of those rare ear types. Three least squares models to test the effect of ear type and coat colors on growth performances were analyzed. First model analyzed effects on birth weight, body weight at 3 and 6 weeks and ADG' before weaning and between 3 and 5 weeks of age. This model included sex in addition to ear type and coat color. Second model analyzed postweaning growth traits (initial weight, final weight and ADG between these periods) upon initiation of performance testing. This model included effects of sex, test group and start age (as a covariate) in addition. Third model was fit for fasted weight before slaughter and included the effects of sex, test group and age at slaughter (as a covariate). The effects of sex and ear type were not significant source of variation for all traits. Test group was a significant source of variation for all the postweaning traits. Effect of coat color was not significant until the initiation of performance testing and became significant then after. Least squares means of dominantly black pigs were significantly lower than the other three coat colored pigs in final weight around 195 days of age and in ADG from the start of performance test and final weight measure.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify sexual violence, sexual knowledge of elementary school high grade students and develop the sexual violence protect promotion program. Method: The subjects of the study were 365 elementary school high-grade students in Daegu, Gyeongbook. The instruments used in this study were sexual violence(8items) by Yom et al.(2001) and sexual knowledge (20items) by Ha(2000). The data were collected between November 26 and December 1, 2001 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient. t-test, A-NOVA and Duncan test with SPSS program. Result: 1) 78.4% of the subjects were educated for sexual knowledge. Source of knowledge for sex-related knowledge is the most teachers. 2) 50.9% of the subjects were educated for sexual violence. Source of knowledge for sexual violence is the most teachers. 3) 18.4% subjects experience sexual harassment. 8.8% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact and 2.1% of the subjects were raped. 4) The average score of sex related knowledge was 8.93. The average score of misconception related sexual violence was 2.30. 5) Misconception of sexual violence was correlated with such demographic variables as grade(F=4.788, p=0.009), sex(t=2.971 p=0.003), region(t=3.614, p=0.000), father's education level(F=3.170, p=0.014), mother's education level(F=2.528, p=0.041), family income(F=5.577 p=0.004) 6) In the correlation between the scores of sex-related knowledge, misconception related sexual violence was a negative correlation. Conclusion: According to this study, it is needed to develop the program about sexual violence education for elementary school high-grade students.