• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of clothing image preferences of Korean and American students, and to examine how clothing image preferences vary according to sex role identity, sex, and culture. A woman's clothing image preference inventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 127 Korean students and 116 American students. Sex role idendity was classified into androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated type. 1. Four segments of woman's clothing image preference derived by factor analysis : F. 1 'splendid-plain' ; F. 2 'feminine-masculine' ; F. 3 'casual-formal' ; F. 4 'classic-contemporary'. 2. Americans prefered splendid image more than did Koreans. Androgynous-typed males liked splendid image most among American male subjects. 3. There was interaction effect between sex and culture on feminine-masculine image preference. In Korean students, males liked feminine image much more than did females. Masculine-typed females liked masculine image most among American female subjects. 4. Koreans prefered casual image more than did Americans. 5. There was interaction effect between sex role identity, sex, and culture($4{\times}2{\times}2$) on classic-contemporary image preference. Feminine-typed females liked classic image most among Korean female subjects. 6. Korean males especially prefered luxurious image least. Korean females contemporary most, American males sexy most, American females fashionable most among four subject groups. That is, differences on clothing image preferences were found according to sex role identity, sex, and culture.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2019

Cancer is one of the common causes of death with a high degree of mortality, worldwide. In many types of cancers, if not all, sex-biased disparities have been observed. In these cancers, an individual's sex has been shown to be one of the crucial factors underlying the incidence and mortality of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that differentially expressed genes and proteins may contribute to sex-biased differences in male and female cancers. Therefore, identification of these molecular differences is important for early diagnosis of cancer, prediction of cancer prognosis, and determination of response to specific therapies. In the present review, we summarize the differentially expressed genes and proteins in several cancers including bladder, colorectal, liver, lung, and nonsmall cell lung cancers as well as renal clear cell carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The sex-biased molecular differences were identified via proteomics, genomics, and big data analysis. The identified molecules represent potential candidates as sex-specific cancer biomarkers. Our study provides molecular insights into the impact of sex on cancers, suggesting strategies for sex-biased therapy against certain types of cancers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.127-130
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• 2005

The objective of present study was to ascertain sex determination for individual identification, parentage control, and sex chromosome anomalies in horse. PCR amplification products of the equine sex determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY) and amelogenin gene (AMEL) were detected by using agarose gel electrophoresis. A normal sire and foal II showed 1 SRY band (430 bp) and 3 AMEL (AMELX, AMELY, and AMELX/Y) band, 175 bp, 160 bp, 190 bp, respectively, and a normal dam and foal I showed a single AMELX band (175 bp). These results enables a quick diagnosis for sex determination prior to cytogenetic analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is two fold: 1) To find out if perceived parental child-rearing attitudes have any relationship with sex of children and education of the parents. 2) To investigate how and what extent perceived parental child-rearing attitudes affect the sex-role traits of children. In order to pursue the above purposes, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and perceived parental child-rearing attitudes questionnaire were administerd to 127 6th elementary school children in Gwang Ju. For data analysis, such techniques as multiple regression and pearson correlation were applied. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Both boys and girls perceived more positive attitudes by mothers than by fathers 2) Some effects of sex differences and education of parents were found in the perceived parental child-rearing attitudes and sex-role traits of children. 3) Perceived parental attitudes had significant effects on children's sex-role traits.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study is to offer basic data when the new printed media for sex education are developed, by grasping the problem through analyzing the data of the printed media for sex education that are produced by the government and composed of relatively inclusive contents. The subjects of analyzed data were 10 printed media books connected with sex education. This study focused on analysis for the printed media. therefore the method of analysis used effectively for the study of the mass media was used. The SAS program was used for analyzing the frequency of data and processing with percentage. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The subject of sex education that the printed media intend for was classfied the data for students and for teachers and the general. 2. According to the result of analyzing the writers of the printed media for sex education, classified by occupation, research workers accounted for $30.2\%$ as 23 persons, and the rest were distributed as 19 professors $(25\%)$, 13 teachers $(17.2\%)$, 10 workers in related institutions of various kinds $(13.1\%)$, 6 doctors $(10.6\%)$ and 3 writers $(3.9\%)$. Examing the organization of writers of the printed media for sex education for students, it was composed of sequence as research workers $30.5\%$. workers in related institutions of various kinds $19.6\%$, teachers $19.5\%$, professors $13\%$, doctors $10.8\%$ and writers $6.5\%$. And that of writers of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general was shown as professors $43.2\%$ (13 persons), research workers $30.1\%$ (9 persons), teachers $13.2\%$ (4 persons) and doctors $10.2\%$ (3 persons). 3. Seeing the result of analyzing for the printed media, classified by themes, it was shown as 314.1 pages $(28.5\%)$ in a field of development of men, 195.9 pages $(17.6\%)$ in a field of sex-health, 141.7 pages $(12.9\%)$ in a field of relationship. 74.1 pages $(6.7\%)$ in a field of a sex act. 51.7 pages $(4.6\%)$ in a field of a personnal technology and 313.4 pages $(28.4\%)$ in the others. As are suit of the analysis classified by themes about the printed media for sex education for students, it was distributed as the content about sexual abuse $12.3\%$ (60.2 pages), the anatomical physiology of reproduction $12.1\%$ (59.3 pages). a friendship $8.5\%$ (41.6 pages). the reproduction $7.2\%$ (35.5 pages). a sexual disease $6.8\%$ (33.2 pages) and the puberty $4.3\%$ (20.9 pages). Examing the result of the analysis about contents classified by themes of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general. it was indicated as 67.1 pages $(10.9\%)$ on the 'puberty', 37.9 pages $(6.2\%)$ on the anatomical physiology of reproduction, 36.6 pages ($6.0\%$ on a sexual disease, 23.2 pages $(3.8\%)$ on dating, 21.7 pages $(3.5\%)$ on a human sexual reaction. 21.0 pages $(3.4\%)$ on a sexual role. 20.1 pages $(3.3\%)$ of the reproduction. The suggestion according to the upper result is as follows. 1. It is needed to expand the range of analysis into the data. besides the printed media. into the data for sex education using such media as a video. a slide, a CD-ROM, on internet, etc. 2. It is necessary to develop the ideal program for sex education of teenagers and analyze the effect. on the basis of analyzing data about data sex education. 3. It is needed that practice workers for nursing or teachers for nursing as well as workers in educational field or medical experts participate in producing data for sex education.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 1994

This study investigated the causality of the children's self-perceived competence and related variables(age, sex, socio-demographic variables, family structure, the number of brother, home environmental process variables and peer group environmental variables.) The subjects of this study were 842 children at age five, seven, nine, eleven and thirteen attending kindergartens. elementary schools and junior high schools and their mothers in Seoul. This study employed children's self-perceived competence scales(The Pictorial scales for 5, 7, Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) home environment scales and peer group enviornment scales(the Pictorial scales for 5, 7 Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) Freqencies one way-ANOVA Pearson's Cronbach's αmultiple regression and path analysis were used for data-analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected cognitive self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, parent's education economic status of the home the number of brother and peer's emotional support 2. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected social self-perceived competence directly were sex, economic status of the home, peer's emotional support and common activity. 3. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected physical self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, peer's emotional support and common activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.111-129
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of consumer instantly impulse buying in cuber market user. Also this study analyzes causal effect on consumer instantly impulse purchasing by demographic and social, place and promotion, consumer emotion state, and consumer internal and psychological variables. The data had been collected from on-line research method with 1,034, as using cuber market. The major statistical methods used for data analysis are frequency, percentile, mean, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and path analysis. The result of causal effect analysis were as follows; First, the variables affecting possession oriented materialism were sex and age. Second, the variables affecting self-control were sex, income, account of credit card, and instantly state of mind. Third, variables directly affecting instantly impulse purchasing were serif employed, banner advertisement, experience of cuber shopping, shopping mall pattern, instantly state of mind, purpose of shopping, happiness and success oriented materialism, and self-control. Also sex, income account of credit card, and instantly state of mind emerge to indirectly effect via self-control. Especially, the variables of success oriented materialism and instantly state of mind influenced on the highest of relative variables in consumer instantly impulse purchasing.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.362-378
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• 1999

This study is to investigate sex role identity and health behavior among university students in Seoul, during the late of 1999. The instruments for data obtainment were KSRI of Kim(1994), and Health Style : A Self-Test provided by ODPHP National Health Information Center. These instrument were reliable, showing Cronbach $\alpha$ .98 and .77. Frequency, t-test, $x^2$-test, stepwise regression were conducted for data analysis, using SAS 6.12 program. The major findings were as follows : 1. For female student. Androgeny(34.0%)type was most common and subjects of feminity type were 28.7%. In contrast, Masculinity type(41.8%) was most prevalent. and undifferentiated type was 30.1% among male students. There were significant difference between male and female student in the type of sex role identity. 2. 89.6% of all subjects were included in risk group for exercise and physical activity, 86.4% for diet habit, 43.2% for alcohol drinking and drug use, 35.6% for stress control, 32.8% for safety behavior, 24.8% for smoking. The big health risk behavior problem of male students were smoking, drinking, diet habit, and exercise. The important health risk behavior problem were diet habit and exercise. There were significant difference in smoking, drinking, exercise between sex. 3. Analysis of the distribution by sex role identity type and health behavior revealed that subjects who were undifferentiated typed group had high risk behavior in stress control, safety, exercise, drinking. Smoking and drinking were more problematic for masculinity typed group had high risk behavior in diet and exercise. The data showed that androginy typed group had more healthy behavior, compared with other sex role identity typed group for all of health behavior. Further research is need to understand the role of sex role identity in health behavior, the variables associated with them. And sex role identity has to be considered in research and practice about health promotion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1409-1412
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• 2014

Sex hormones are important metabolites in vertebrates' development and reproduction. For rapid screening sex hormones, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the promising analytical platforms, but MALDI MS faces many challenges in detecting steroids such as low ionization efficiency and matrix background interference. One potential strategy to overcome matrix interference in the low m/z region is using a cyclodextrin (CD)-supported matrix for steroid analysis since CD-supported matrixes are known to effectively suppress matrix-related ion signals. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal CD-supported matrix for the analysis of the nonderivatized sex steroids. Our results showed that the ${\alpha}CD$-supported 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix efficiently ionized all three major classes of sex hormones, estrogens, androgens, and progestagens, with low or no matrix background and also with high sensitivity. In addition, the ${\alpha}CD$-supported DHB matrix mainly generated molecular ions or protonated ions of sex hormones, and this enabled us to obtain information-rich tandem mass spectra which potentially lead to unambiguous identification of steroid species from complex metabolite mixtures.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2019

Background: Sex influences is important to understand behavioral manifestations in a large number of neuropsychiatric disorders. We found electrophysiological differences specifically related to the influence of sex on psychopathic traits. Methods: The resting electroencephalography (EEG) activity and low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) for the EEG spectral bands were evaluated in 38 teenagers with conduct disorder (CD). The 25 male and 13 female subjects had psychopathic traits as diagnosed using the Antisocial Process Screening Device. All of the included adolescents were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. The visually inspected EEG characteristics and the use of frequency-domain quantitative analysis techniques are described. Results: Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis showed that the slow-wave activities in the right frontal and left central regions were higher and the alpha-band powers in the left central and bitemporal regions were lower in the male than the female psychopathic traits group. The current source density showed increases in paralimbic areas at 2.73 Hz and decreases in the frontoparietal area at 9.37 Hz in male psychopathics relative to female psychopathics. Conclusions: These findings indicate that QEEG analysis and techniques of source localization can reveal sex differences in brain electrical activity between teenagers with CD and psychopathic traits that are not obvious in visual inspections.