• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

Objective: This study was conducted in order to explore the predictive model of the experience of harmful shops in middle and high school students. Methods: The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire method online via the homepage of the education ministry's student health information center. Participants were 1,888 middle school students and 1,563 high school students from 107 schools in Korea. The collected data were processed using the SPSS classification trees 18.0 program and examined using data mining decision tree model. Results: In this study, 6.9% of all subjects were found to have been to sex industry harmful place and 81.8% game place. The results revealed that smoking, living with parents, and school grade were significant predictors for experience of sex industry harmful place. The perception of study disrupts, drinking, living with parents, stress, and satisfaction of school life were significant predictors for experience of game harmful place. Conclusions: These results suggest that an educational approach should be developed by tailored conditions to prevent the access to harmful shops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-237
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• 1996

This study was conducted in order to contribute to female student health by providing fundamental data for health instruction and health counsel. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of PMS by a menstrual distress questionnaire, and determine sex-identity factors related to PMS. The data were collected by a questionaire conducted from December 1,1995 to December 20, 1995. The subjects of research were 1,102 high school students in Seoul. The data analyzed was done using the SPSS PC+, and the results were as follows; 1. The perceived subjective symptoms were clusted behavioral change, negative affects, pain, impaired concentration, water retention and autonomic reactions. The most common symtoms during the period of 2 to 10 days before menses were vaginal discharge(79%), back pain(70.4%), nervous tension(60.8%), fatigue(56.2%), abdominal bloating(54.5%), mood change(52.8), pelvic pain(46.8%), resistance to study(45.9) and talking(43.3). 2. There was a significant correlation between the clusters symptoms; negative affects and behavioral changes(r=.9326, p=.000), behavioral changes and impaired concentration (r=.8572, p=.000), negative affects and impaired concentration(r=.8411, p=.000) and autonomic reaction and pain(r=.7267, p=.000). 3. Sex-identity factors were related to PMS ; perception of the female(F=5.1811, p=.006) and pregnancy concerns (T=3.54, p=.000).

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the attitude for sex in high school students in order to provide basic sex education program. Method: The questionnaires were given to 905 students in the high schools and collected during the period from 1st to 31st May, 2003. Data were analyzed by SPSS WINS. Result: The level of sexual attitude was low level of conservative. Thirty five percent of adolescents in the study perceived liberal sexual attitude based on the cut-point suggested by Hudson et. al.(1983). There were significant difference between general characteristics, sexual characteristics and sexual attitude in the familial characteristics, contact of internet chatting, the perception of post-contraceptives, reject of sexual contact and sexual counseling with parents and significant others. Conclusion: It is required to develope sex education programs in order to establish sexual attitude in the female adolescents.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1997

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1992

This study was planned and carried out 1) to identify the general menstrual characteristics, 2) to understand perimenstrual discomfort, menstrual attitude, and sex role acceptance, 3) to investigate the correlation between perimenstrual discomfort, menstrual attitude, sex role acceptance in order to provide basic information about menstruation. The subjects of this study were 313 college women and they were asked to check Menstrual Discomfort questionnaire, Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire, and Role Acceptance Scale. Data were gathered from April 1 to June 24, 1992. The results were as follows : 1) The mean age of the subjects was 19, and the mean age of monarch was 13.6 ranged from 11 to 19. The distribution of menstrual cycle showed a wide variation and the mean cycle was 29.7 days. The duration of menstrual cycle was between 2-8 days, and in 65.8% the amount of menstrual fluid was within normal limit. 2) The frequencies of perimenstrual discomfort was 56.9% when asked to check it on 5 point scale. 3) All scores of perimenstrual discomfort were higher on premenstrual period than intermenstrual period, and higher on menstrual period than premenstrual period. They were statistically significant. 4) In general, the college women perceived menstruation as natural, somewhat bothersome, and not very debilitating or predictable, although they did not deny that menstruation had some effects. 5) The correlation between perimenstrual discomfort and menstrual attitude was significant. 6) The correlation between perimenstrual discomfort and sex role acceptance was significant. 7) The correlation between menstrual attitude and sex role acceptance was significant.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1999

This study was done to determine the factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior in female university students. A total of 534 students participated in this cross sectional study by answering a questionnaire. The data collection was done between September 1 and October 31, 1997 The measurement tools used in this study were the self help change process scale (Cronbach's alpha＝.9930 : developed by Oh & Kim, 1996) for smoking-cessation behaviors, the self efficacy scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.8250 : developed by Sherer et al, 1982), the sex role acceptance scale (KR－20＝.7757 : developed by Kim, 1991) and the social support scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.9172 : developed by Park, 1985). The summarized results are follows : 1. The mean scores for smoking-cessation behaviors in smokers (N＝150) was 91.72 that was considered a middle score compared to the total possible score of measurement tool (150.0). The mean score for smoking-cessation behaviors by smoking-cessation step showed significant different between the groups(F＝11.71, p＝.000). 2. The group with no experience in smoking(N＝332) showed a high general self efficacy score (t＝5.24, p＝.000), and more openness to sex role acceptance(t＝-2.15, p＝.032) compared to the group with smoking experience (N＝202). 3. General self efficacy, sex role acceptance, and social support were not different significantly between the groups according to the steps in smoking-cessation. 4. Significant factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior (total, sub concepts) were religion, sex role acceptance, social support, smoking duration, smoking attitude, time of smoking onset, amount of smoking, drinking, and perception of health status. 5. Smoking-cessation behaviors which explained 11% of the variance were smoking attitude, and smoking duration. In conclusion, this study identified factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior. Thereby it will help in the development of smoking-cessation intervention strategies. For future research, exploration other determinants of smoking cessation behaviors, evaluation of intervention efficiency, and comparative study by gender characteristics are needed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.351-378
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify the latent classes of meta-awareness of gender discrimination among Korean young adults using Latent Profile Analysis based on 'perceived ambivalence toward men among women', 'perceived ambivalent sexism among men', 'perceived gender(reverse-) discrimination in Korea'. After identifying the latent classes, the difference between gender role conflict, sense of distance from the opposite sex, and support for gender discrimination issues were explored among the classified groups. As a result, 3 latent classes among women and 2 latent classes among men were identified. Latent classes among women were named 'women with low sensitivity of sexism', 'women with high sensitivity of sexism' and 'women against sexism' and latent classes among men were named 'men with perception of gender equality', 'men with perception of reverse discrimination'. Types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination were related with higher gender role conflict and higher sense of distance from the opposite sex. Among women, types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination perceived higher levels of gender discrimination and showed more support for gender discrimination issues while among men, types with higher levels of meta-perception of gender discrimination only perceived higher levels of reverse discrimination. Based on the present findings, implications about the severe gender conflict among Korean young adults are further discussed in the article.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 1998

Objectives：This study was to investigate the impact of parental psychiatric disorder on offspring's depression, anxiety, self concept, perception of familial relationship compared with offspring of normal control. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, this study explored whether their psychopathology, self concept, and perception of familial relationship were influenced by parent’s sex, onset time of parent’s psychiatric disorder and parent’s psychiatric diagnosis. Methods：52 offsprings aged 10-18 years of 39 psychiatric outpatient were surveyed from June, 1997 to April, 1998 and completed several questionnaaire, including Korean from of the Family Environment Scale, Korean form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Korean form of Kovac’s Children’s Depression Inventory, and Korean form of Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale. Their score was compared with offsprings’ of normals. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, they were compared according to parent’s sex, onset time of parent's psychiatric disorder and parent’s psychiatric diagnosis. Results：The results were as follows：1) Offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder reported higher level of state anxiety and lower level of the FES expressive subscale than offsprings of normals(p<0.05). But they reported higher level of PHCSCS intellectual & school status subscale and popularity subscale than normals(p<0.05). 2) There were no differences in anxiety, depression, self concept, and perception of familial relationship between patient’s sex. 3) Offsprings less than 3 years old when parent’s psychiatric disorder had developed showed higher level of trait anxiety and lower level of FES control subscale than offsprings more than 3 years old (p<0.05). 4) There were no diferences in anxiety, depression, self concept, and perception of familial relationship between patient’ diagnostic groups(schizophrenia spectrum disorder-mood disoderneurosis). Conclusion：The finding indicated that self reported scale of anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between offsprings of psychiatric patients and offsprings of normals. In offsprings of parents with psychiatric disorder, parent’s sex and psychiatiric diagnosis had no influence on offspring’s psychopathology. But the offspring’s age(before 3 years old) when the parent’s psychiatriric disorder developed had influence on higher level of offspring’s trait anxiety. For further high risk group study, direct interview and evaluation of parent-child agreement or teacher-child agreement will be needed in longitudinal study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.165-188
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• 1997

This study aims at 1) examining the perceived importance of clothing norms 2) examining relationship between perceptions of clothing norms clothing behavior and psycho-logical variables-ego identity(uniqueness and self acceptance) and sex role identity and 3) ascertaining any significant differences in the level of the perceived importance of clothing norms among variables-sex role identity and the uniqueness in psychological variables-and which variables are influencingon perception of clothing norms. The perception of cloth in norms inventory clothing norms inventory clothin behavior inventory ego identity in-ventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 620 college students. Sex role identity was classified into androgynous mas-culine feminine and undifferentiated type. Subjects were asked to rate each statement on the clothing norms under two kinds of instructions: their attitudes(TATT) and their beliefs about the expectations of others toward clothing norms(TBEO). 1) The scores of 3 TBEO of the students were higher than the scores of TATT. But the scores of TBEO concerning modesty of students were lower than the scores of TATT. Discrepancy scores of TATT and TBEO of the students were revealed significances differently according to clothing norms. males lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concerning genaral clothing attitudes. Females and higher class students had less free attitudes to the clothing norms concerning modesty. Females and lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concening sex-role related clothing attitudes but male students had less free to the sex-role related clothing norms. 2) Significant negative correlations between each variable of clothing norms and conform-ity-individuality were found. But negative correlations between those variables of the males and lower class students were higher than the correlations of the female and higher class students and the former had more posi-tive relationships with clothing norms and con-formity as compared with the latter. And sig-nificant positive correlations between each variable of clothing norms and modesty were found. But positive correlations between those variables of the males females and higher class students were higher than the correlations of the lower class students and the latter had less positive relationship with clothing norms and modesty as compared with the former. 3) Significant negative correlations between clothing norms and uniqueness were found in the subjects groups. The females and lower class students had more negative relationships with clothing norms and uniqueness as compared with the male and higher class students. Significant positive correlations be-tween uniqueness and conformity-individuality were found in all subjects groups, Therefore the higher uniqueness the student have the less they perceive theimportance of clothing norms and the more they have individuality. Significant positive correlations between sex-role related(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. but significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. But significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(males lower class, higher class) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. Clothing norms therfore related posi-tively or negatively with self acceptance ac-cording to the subjects groups. And significant negative correlations between conformity in-dividuality and self acceptance was found in higher class students. 4) The female masculine groups and the masculine groups of lower class revealed high scores than the scores of andrgynous group and undifferentiated group in clothing norms concerning modesty. And the feminine group revealed high scores in conformity-individu-ality than the scores of the masculine group. Male masculine and feminine group revealed high scores in clothing norms concerning cam-pus style than the scores of the androgynous group. The masculine group and feminine group of the lower classes revealed high scores in general clothing norms than the scores of the androgynous group. 5) The most influencing variables on the clothing norms were sex conformity-individu-altiy and masculine-feminine variables in the right order. The general clothing norms and clothing norms concerning modesty were influened by the sex role identity but the sex role related clothing norms and clothing norms concerning campus style were influenced by the ego identity. 6) Based on the sum scores of the uniqueness each group of the subjects was separately segmened into "high medium and low" groups. By the analysis of variances sig-nificant differences in discrepancy scores of TBEO and TATT among 3 uniqueness level groups were found on all clothing norms variables in all students three clothing norms variables in male and female students and one clothing norms variable in lower and higher students and in each clothing norms variable the mean discrepancy scores of the high uniqueness group were higher than those of the other groups. The findings indicated that the differences in the discrepancy score mainly contributed to the results of correla-tions described above.bed above.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2010

This study aimed to obtain basic data toward fostering understanding and interest in local foods, to the overall end of enhancing development and popularization of such foods. It also gives direction toward promotion of local food by researching attitudes toward local foods and viewpoints on requirements for improvement of such, among university students living in the Daegu-Kyungbuk area. The results of analyzing perceptional scores for native local foods in Kyungbuk by characteristics t showed statistically significant differences according to sex and duration of residence in Kyungbuk. Obstacles to the promotion of local foods include lack of marketing, lack of specialized restaurants, lack of knowledge, lack of menus, lack of generalization, and high price. The results of analyzing viewpoints on requirements for improved perception of local foods, there were statistically significant differences in active advertisement and marketing, diversity of local foods, and duration of dwelling.