• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2015

For the water quality improvement in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, this study tried to control the water quality of outfall area using the biofilter method through seaweeds, a way of ecological engineering treatment that is applicable in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, this research made an attempt the main factors necessary for creating seaweed bed to improve water quality in the outfall area of sewage treatment plant, and the results are as follows. In the case of making the seaweed bed in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, Habitat Suitability Index of Ecklonia cava per all survey points, considered physical and physico-chemical factors in 5~10 meters below sea level, was 50~93% (average 80%), so this seaweed, Ecklonia cava, was suitable for making the seaweed bed.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2019

Despite the expansion of sewage treatment facilities to reduce pollutants in the tributaries of the Han River, water pollution accidents such as fish deaths continue to frequently occur. The purpose of this study was to identify the pollutant sources using water quality and stable isotope ratio (${\delta}^{15}N$, ${\delta}^{13}C$, ${\delta}^{15}N-NH_4$, ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_3$) analysis results in the three inflow tributaries (Gulpocheon (GP), Anyangcheon (AY) and Sincheon (SC)) of the Han River. Water quality was analyzed in June and October from 2013 to 2017, and the results showed that the concentrations of nutrients, such as T-N, $NO_3-N$, and T-P, were increased at GP4, AY3, SC3, and SC4, which lie downstream of sewage treatment facilities. The results of ${\delta}^{15}N$ for June 2017 indicated that the source of nitrogen was sewage or livestock excreta at GP4 and SC4, and organic fertilizers at AY3 and SC3. ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_3$ results suggested that the source of nitrogen was related to organic sewage, livestock or manure at GP4, AY3 and SC4. Therefore, GP4 and SC4 were more influenced by effluent from sewage treatment facilities than by their tributaries, AY3 and SC3 were considered to be influenced more by their tributary than effluent from sewage treatment facilities. With the results of this study, the source of contamination (sewage treatment facility effluent) of river inflow downstream of Han River could be confirmed using water quality and stable isotope ratio.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1999

After studying several methods of the application a device of a treated sewage in anticipation of the future shortage of the duty of water, we could have some conclusion as the following : Advanced treatment systems arc essential prerequisites in reusing a treated sewage. And in a short term, the application of reusing a treated sewage should go first to new building areas near the sewage but for the long run, it should cover the whole area of Taegu, it is desirable that the pipe line networks which include dual water systems as well as water supply should be spread throughout the whole city. The city authorities have to make every effort to step up publicity activities on this plan to all the citizens and building owners to steadily carry out this project and encourage private constructors to participate with the help of SOC. And for the long run, it is desirable that the application of reusing a treated sewage should be obligatory.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2018

Domestic sewage treatment plants (STPs) consume about 0.5 % of total electric energy produced annually, which is equivalent to 207.7 billion Korean won per year. To minimize the energy consumption and as a way of mitigating the depletion of energy sources, the sewage treatment strategy should be improved to the level of "energy positive". The core processes for the energy positive sewage treatment include A-stage for energy recovery and B-stage for energy-efficient nitrogen removal. The integrated process is known as the A/B-process. In A-stage, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) or high rate activated sludge (HRAS) processes can be utilized by modifying the primary settling in the first stage of sewage treatment. CEPT utilizes chemical coagulation and flocculation, while HRAS applies returned activated sludge for the efficient recovery of organic contents. The two processes showed organic recovery efficiencies ranging from 60 to 70 %. At a given recovery efficiency of 80 %, 17.3 % of energy potential ($1,398kJ/m^3$) is recovered through the anaerobic digestion and combustion of methane. Besides, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) can recover 85% of organic contents and generate $1,580kJ/m^3$ from the sewage. The recovered energy is equal to the amount of energy consumption by sewage treatment equipped with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)-based B-stage, $810{\sim}1,620kJ/m^3$. Therefore, it is possible to upgrade STPs as efficient as energy neutral. However, additional novel technologies, such as, fuel cell and co-digestion, should be applied to achieve "energy positive" sewage treatment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2024

In the context of the Ministry of Environment's 2022 Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Public Institutions, public sewage treatment plants are one of the important targets for climate change response aimed at sustainable water management. In this study, it is applied a modified methodology to four water regeneration centers (public sewage treatment facilities) in charge of sewage treatment in Seoul to analyze the impacts and risks of climate change and discuss priorities for adaptation measures. The results of the study showed that heavy rains, heat waves, and droughts will be the key impacts of climate change, and highlighted the need for measures to mitigate these risks, especially for facility managers.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2022

스마트(Smart) 하수처리장은 하수처리 전 과정에 대한 ICT 기반의 실시간 모니터링, 원격 제어 관리 및 지능화 체계를 구축하여 안전하고 깨끗한 물환경을 조성하는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 스마트 하수처리장의 핵심이 되는 기술이 계측기를 활용한 운전제어 기술이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구진은 국내에서 진행중인 하수처리장 지능화 연구사업들을 참고하여 지능화사업 구축 시 필요한 운전제어 기술들을 분석하고 제시하였다. 분석 결과 규모별 제어, 반류수 제어, 연계처리수 제어, 약품량 제어, 동절기 운영제어, 총 유기탄소 제어까지 총 6개의 제거 기술에 대해 제시하였다. 규모별로는 소규모와 중규모 대규모로 구분할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였고, 반류수 제어의 경우 반류수를 관리할 수 있는 수질 및 유량 센서의 위치를 제시하였다. 연계처리수 제어의 경우 연계처리수가 하수처리장에 미치는 영향과 제어 지점을 제시하였으며, 약품주입량 제어의 경우 지능형 하수처리장 도입에 따라 약품 주입량을 최적화할 수 있는 시스템을 제시하였다. 동절기 운영의 경우 수온 저하에 따른 질산화 저하를 고려하였을 때 제어해야 하는 센서와 펌프를 제시하였다. 총 유기탄소 제어의 경우 향후 오염총량제를 고려한 연동 시스템을 제시하였다. 이러한 운전제어 시나리오들은 향후 지능형 하수처리 알고리즘과 시나리오에 사용될 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

해안에 위치한 대부분의 하수 처리장의 처리수는 직접 또는 하천을 통해 해안으로 배출된다. 따라서, 하수 처리장에서 배출되는 처리수의 수질은 하천 및 해안으로 방류되는 수질에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 연안에 인접한 하수처리장으로부터 배출되는 처리수가 연안 환경에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 현장조사와 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 해안에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 처리수가 방류된 하천 및 하구 주변에서 채수된 시료로 수질과 저질을 분석한 결과, 하수처리장에서 배출된 처리수는 설계기준을 초과하지 않은 상태로 하천으로 방류되고 있으나, 하구를 통해 해안으로 방류되는 수질은 처리수보다 오염된 상태였다. 해안방류수의 수질악화에 대한 원인은 하구 주변에서 나타난 연안표사에 의해 하구가 일시적으로 퇴적되고, 하구폐색 현상이 발생하여, 하구에서의 정체시간이 증가함에 따라 처리수가 유입된 하천수가 하계에 부영양화되어 방류됨에 따라, 하구 주변에서 저질, 수질 및 해양 생물에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 연안표사가 강한 동해안의 경우, 해양으로 방류되는 하수처리시설을 계획할 경우, 연안표사에 의한 하구폐색과 같은 처리수의 수질에 미치는 영향에 대한 면밀한 검토가 반드시 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2022

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not fully remove micropollutants. Enhanced treatment of sewage effluents is being considered or implemented in some countries to minimize the discharge of problematic micropollutants from WWTPs. Representative enhanced sewage treatment technologies for micropollutant removal were reviewed, including their current status of research and development. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and UV/H₂O₂ and adsorption processes using powdered (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were mainly discussed with focusing on process principles for the micropollutant removal, effect of process operation and water matrix factors, and technical and economic feasibility. Pilot- and full-scale studies have shown that ozonation, PAC, and GAC can achieve significant elimination of various micropollutants at economically feasible costs(0.16-0.29 €/m³). Considering the current status of domestic WWTPs, ozonation and PAC were found to be the most feasible options for the enhanced sewage effluent treatment. Although ozonation and PAC are all mature technologies, a range of technical aspects should be considered for their successful application, such as energy consumption, CO₂ emission, byproduct or waste generation, and ease of system construction/operation/maintenance. More feasibility studies considering domestic wastewater characteristics and WWTP conditions are required to apply ozonation or PAC/GAC adsorption process to enhance sewage effluent treatment in Korea.

• 수도
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• 제24권5호통권86호
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• pp.29-44
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• 1997

Sewage sludge produced in Korea was 1,275,800 tons (dewatered sludge cake) per year in 1996, which is 3,495 tons per day, 0.303% of 11,526,100 tons per day of sewage treated in 79 sewage treatment plants. Sludge production has been and will be increasing in accordance with construction of new facilities for sewage treatment. Most of the sludge is currently disposed by landfill and ocean dumping, but it is becoming difficult to find suitable sites for landfill, particularly in big cities such as Seoul. In addition, rapid increase of landfill cost is anticipated in a near future. Current trend for sludge disposal in advanced countries is land application. Over the past 10 to 20 years in the United States, sludge management practices have changed significantly, moving from disposal to beneficial use. They use biosolid for utilization instead of sludge for disposal. Under the Clean Water Act of 1972, amended in 1987 by Congress, the U.S. EPA was required to develop regulations for the use and disposal of sewage sludge. The EPA assessed the potential for pollutants in sewage sludge to affect public health and the environment through a number of different routes of exposure. The Agency also assessed the potential risk to human health through contamination of drinking water sources or surface water when sludge is disposed on land. The Final Rules were signed by the EPA Administrator and were published (Federal Register, 1993). These rules state that sewage sludge shall not be applied to land if the concentration of any pollutant in the sludge exceeds the ceiling concentration. In addition, the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant shall not exceed the cumulative pollutant loading rate nor should the concentration of each pollutant in the sludge exceed the monthly average concentration for the pollutant. The annual pollutant loading rate generally applies to applications of sewage sludge on agricultural lands. The most popular beneficial use of sewage sludge is land application. The sludge has to be stabilized for appling to land. One of the stabilization process for sewage sludge is lime stabilization process. The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing process and the drying process. Stabilization reactor can be a drum type reactor in which a crossed mixer is equipped. The additive agents are a very reactive mixture of calcium oxide and others. The stabilized sludge is dried in sun drier or rotary kiln.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

The present time, water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) was widely used for a purification of a polluted lake, livestock wastewater and sewage wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the propriety of sewage wastewater treatment by water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes). On the study of optimal cultivation density, 3 kg/m$^2$ was selected for the most suitable initial cultivation density through the BOD, T-N and T-removal efficiency. In experiment of purification capacity, hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) removed the 267.2 mg BOD/kg · day, 72 mg T-N/kg · day and 8.6 mg T-P/kg · day at 30 operation days respectively. The result showed that hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) could be used for recovery of eutrophic lake effectively. In the test of optimal HRT(hydraulic retention time), 9 days was selected with the suitable HRT, and BOD, T-N and T-P were removed with 75%, T-N 88% and T-P 97% respectively.