• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

This study is an analysis about BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P of 4Stage-BNR, MLE + CS(Coagulating Sedimentation), Bio-SAC BNR method of construction for 3 largest sewage treatment plants among 12 sewage treatment plants in Incheon. The purpose of this study is improving the operational effectiveness for Incheon sewage treatment plant by introducing the optimized method for quality of the discharged water.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2018

In this study, the organic matter of effluents from sewage treatment plants, located in the Nakdong watershed was investigated. Regression equations were computed using treated sewage data to convert the chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentrations, which are mostly available from an open database, into total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations. The average concentration of organic matter in the sewage treatment plant effluents were 2.2~16.8 mg/L for COD and 3.4~14.3 mg/L for TOC. The concentrations of COD were positively correlated with the TOC concentrations. The correlation between COD and TOC was relatively high, at 0.865(p<0.01). Based on these results, regression analysis was conducted. The regression equation for TOC was $1.651{\times}COD_{Mn}-0.084$ ($R^2=0.84$). Furthermore, organic matter-related databases for more sewage treatment plants need to be built in order to establish TOC standards and manage the water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.756-760
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• 2007

Most of the sewage treatment plants in Korea are being operated by using the conventional activated sludge process. Recently, as the water criteria have been strict with regard to such main culprits of eutrophication, the existing sewage treatment plants are obliged to upgrade their treatment technology to meet the criteria. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at analyzing the conditions of an existing sewage treatment plants in Korea, and thereupon, test its treatment performance for the actual sewage water by operating a pilot plant. When the pilot plant was operated with the NPR process at the capacity of $30m^3/day$, the average contents of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P in the effluents were 7.0 mg/L, 9.7 mg/L, 5.1 mg/L, 8.0 mg/L and 0.23 mg/L, respectively, which were very stable in general. Accordingly, if the NPR process used for this pilot plant to upgrade the treatment technology for the sewage treatment plat could be adopted, the effluent water quality criteria effective beginning from 2008 would be met.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 1992

Since the first sewage treatment plant was constructed in 1976, the sewerage systems of Korea have been rapidly expanded. As of the end of 1991, 22 sewage treatment plants with total capacity of 5.4 million tons/day are in operation which is equivalent of 3395 total daily sewage generation. Total extension of sewer 39.534 km in 1990 which is 55% of the target extension for the year 2001. However, the most sewage treatment plants employ activated sludge process which may not be suitable for medium and/or small scale plants. The poor existing sewer systems do not effectively collect and transport sewage to adversely affect the function of sewage treatment plant. To select the appropriate treatment system, the cities are classified into 3 categories such as large and medium size inland cities, small size cities and coastal cities. Considering the criteria suggested during this study, appropriate treatment processes were selected for each category. Conventional activated sludge process and step aeration process were found to be the most appropriate for big inland cities while biological nutrient removal processes should be considered for the cities discharge the effluent to lakes or reservoirs. RBC or Oxidation Ditch process might be appropriate for the medium size cities while several processes which do not require skilled operation and maintenance were suggested for the small cities. Ocean discharge after primary treatment can be considered for some east coast cities, Appropriate methodology to rehabilitate the existing sewers and strategy to convert combined sewer system to separate sewer system were proposed. This paper also include the appropriate management system for industrial wastewater, sludge and nightsoil.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.235-240
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• 2005

The effects of municipal sewage treatment plants on the water quality and effluent loading were investigated. BOD removal rates from Wonju, Hoengseong, and Hongcheon municipal sewage treatment plants were $88.9\%,\;80.6\%,\;90.7\%$ and T-P removal rates were $47.3\%,\;56.5\%,\;71.6\%,$ respectively. Also, BOD effluent leading from WonJu, Hoengseong, and Hongcheon treatment plants were 1,520 kg/day, 75 kg/day, 55 kg/day and T-P effluent loading were 203.9 kg/day, 4.2 kg/day, 4.0 kg/day, respectively. In terms of water quality distribution by distance of flow, BOD of the Seom river rapidly rose from 1.6 mg/l to 4.0 mg/l and T-P rose from 0.034 mg/l to 0.321 mg/l. Also BOD of the Hongcheon river showed a slowly rise from 1.1 mg/l to 1.4 mg/l and T-P from 0.011 mg/l to 0.026 mg/l. In conclusion, the effects of municipal sewage treatment plants on the water quality proved that T-P was higher than BOD. Consequently, in order to improve water quality, it is necessary to adopt an advanced sewage treatment system like nutrient removal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.683-690
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• 2010

Renewable and unutilized energy (biogas power generation, wind power, solar, small hydro-power, sewage heat source, etc.) seems to be suitable to install for the sewage treatment facilities. There are 357 sewage treatment plants in 2007. 17 plants among these have been operating for self-supporting energy by using solar power, small hydro-power and biogas in 2008. Newly built sewage treatment plant of 96,000 $m^3$/day for a newtown is expected to get up to energy consumption of 10 GWh/yr. If solar energy, small hydro-power and biogas-equipments were applied to the new treatment plant, self-supporting energy of the new sewage treatment plant will get up to 56.1%. As a results, about 2,379ton $CO_2$/yr $CO_2$ emission reduction can be expected by using renewable energy. These efforts for self-supporting energy will lead sewage treatment plant to new energy recycle center.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2020

Because of the intensified environmental problems such as climate change and resource depletion, sewage treatment technology focused on energy management has recently attracted attention. The conversion of primary sludge from the primary sedimentation tank and excessive sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank into biogas is the key to energy-positive sewage treatment. In particular, the primary sedimentation tanks recover enriched biodegradable organic matter and anaerobic digestion process produces methane from the organic wastes for energy production. Such technologies for minimizing oxygen demand are leading the innovation regarding sewage treatment plants. However, sewage treatment facilities in Korea lack core technology and operational know-how. Actually, the energy potential of sewage is higher than sewage treatment energy consumption in the sewage treatment, but current processes are not adequately efficient in energy recovery. To improve this, it is possible to apply chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), high-rate activated sludge (HRAS), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to the primary sedimentation tank. To maximize the methane production of sewage treatment plants, organic wastes such as food waste and livestock manure can be digested. Additionally, mechanical pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis, and chemical pretreatment would enhance the methane conversion of organic waste. Power generation systems based on internal combustion engines are susceptible to heat source losses, requiring breakthrough energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. To realize the energy positive sewage treatment plant, primary organic matter recovery from sewage, biogas pretreatment, and co-digestion should be optimized in the energy management system based on the knowledge-based operation.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.3 s.61
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

For the last 20 years, China has transformed itself from a rural economy into an industrial giant, averaging over 8 % annual growth of GDP. Unfortunately, this rapid growth has taken a significant toll on its natural resource base as well, particularly water resources. These problems have been exacerbated by a low level of sewage treatment technology and by the operating and maintenance (O&M). In case of urban areas, most big cities in China have a well functioning sewage system comprised of sewers and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Nevertheless, the existing STPs are still not capable of properly treating the sewage, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The rural areas in China cover a large land, with two-third of the nation's population. The low educational and poor economic states make it hard to process self-protection and management. In the surveyed area in Henan, there was no STPs put into use as of 2004, and the sewer lines are not well organized. The big issue for the currently planned STPs is the collection system not included in the plans.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.53
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the variation characteristics of influent and effluent quality from sewage treatment facilities using activated sludge processes and to assess the impact caused by discharge of treated sewage on the receiving water Monthly data of five water quality items (BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P) were used to understand the water quality at three sewage treatment plants in Seoul for five years from 1999 to 2003. Concentration differences of water quality parameters were observed between upstream and downstream site at the sewage treatment plant outfall to investigate the impact of discharge in Tan stream and Han river basin. 1. Due to the effect of continuous improvement in sewer system, the concentrations of influent went on increasing generally. 2. Effluent concentrations of BOD, COD and SS showed the trend of a little decreasing, but the trend of increasing in T-N and T-P. 3. In Tan stream basin, the impact of sewage treatment plant discharge was not observed directly, because concentration of discharge was lower than stream water's. But discharges from sewage treatment plants affected water quality at downstream site in Han river, concentration of T-P especially.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.446-453
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• 2010

This study was investigated nine nitrosamines in small tributary rivers, sewage treatment plants (STPs) and drinking water treatment plants. They are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPHA). The nine nitrosamines were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using solid phase extraction (SPE) with a coconut charcoal cartridge. Among the nine nitrosamines, NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA NDBA and NDPHA were detected in small tributary rivers and sewage tretment plants. In small tributary rivers, NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA and NDPHA were obtained as ND~16.4 ng/L, ND~17.7 ng/L, ND~102.4 ng/L, ND~455.4 ng/L, ND~330.1 ng/L and ND~161.0 ng/L, respectively. Also NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA and NDBA were investigated ND~821.4 ng/L, 22.5~55.4 ng/L, 53.2~588.5 ng/L, ND~56.6 ng/L and ND~527.9 ng/L in STPs, respectively. In drinking water treatment plants, NMEA and NDEA concentration were increased to as high as 38.8 ng/L after ozonation process. However nitrosamines were decreased subsequent biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment process. It was supposed that nitrosamines were formed by $O_3$ oxidation and were removed by biodegradation of BAC.