• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.589-598
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• 2016

The study finds a constructive way to improve shared houses by analyzing shared house living conditions, satisfaction of the residents and potential consumer's needs. For this, a survey of 179 single-person university residents and interviews with seven young adults residing in shared house was conducted. The results showed that shared house tenants had high satisfaction in regard to bedrooms, common spaces, and rental costs. They successfully adapted to community life by frequently using the living, dining spaces, and common spaces with respect and consideration towards other tenants by following rules. Single-person university household should prefer single rooms and the biggest consideration when they move into a shared house is rent. Affordable rates were 300,000 to 350,000 Korean Won per month (40.5%) and deposit of 3 million won or less (64.3%). Results also showed a need for a professional manager residing in the house with a cleaning service for common spaces and a want to share hobbies with other tenants (3.25/5 point scale). It is very important in a housing welfare perspective that one experiences the value of living and emotional sharing to heighten the satisfaction through shared houses. It is essential to put effort into developing a service that reflects consumer's needs for shared houses to continue as a housing alternative model for young adults.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.756-767
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• 2006

This study investigated the attitudes towards business ethics of 409 University students majoring in culinary science and foodservice management. The survey questionnaire evaluated their attitudes by ATBEQ (Attitudes towards Business Ethics Questionnaire), using a seven-point scale and the data were analysed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and reliability analysis. The average value of ATBEQ was investigated with attitudes towards ethics (3.48${\pm}$0.79), application of the ethics to business (4.24${\pm}$0.71), business profit making (4.18${\pm}$0.71), businessman (4.29${\pm}$0.67) and practice of business ethics (3.16${\pm}$0.79). The female, undergraduate and younger students showed significantly higher scores of attitudes towards business ethics (higher ethical attitude) than the male, graduate and older students, respectively. There are some similar results between Korean and Israeli students, while western students (America, Australia and Turkey) showed different attitudes with Korean students.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of ultrasound and laser therapy for sub-acute lower back pain. Twenty-seven patients with sub-acute low back pain were recruited, who were randomly assigned to three groups: Ultrasound group (actual ultrasound, 1.1 MHz, $1.0W/cm^2$, duty cycle 100%, 10 min/session, n=9), laser group (actual laser, 904 nm, 155 ns, 13.5 W, 12 mW, 90 sec/point, n=9), and control group (placebo ultrasound or placebo laser, n=9). All of treatments including placebo procedures were applied to patients over a period of 2 weeks, five times a week. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Schober's Test (MST), and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) were used by the clinical and functional evaluations before and after intervention. At post-hoc, significant differences were observed in all groups with respect to VAS, MST (p<.05), except MODQ. VAS and MST score were more significantly improved in the ultrasound group than the laser and control group (p<.0167). However, no significant difference was present between the laser group and the control group. Therefore, this study revealed that ultrasound therapy was effective in pain relief and improvement of lumbar mobility in patients with sub-acute lower back pain. However, laser therapy did not show the effects for sub-acute lower back pain.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate and compare the efficacy of digital radiographic images in the detection of bone loss at the bifurcation area of the mandibular first molar with traditional film-based periapical radiographs, Materials and Methods : One dried human mandible with minimal periodontal bone loss around the first molar was selected and an artificial alveolar bone defect at the bifurcation area was serially prepared over 18 steps. Images were taken using a direct CCD-based system and with F-speed periapical films. The images were evaluated by seven interpreters (3 radiologists, 3 periodontologists, and 1 general dentist) using a 5-point confidence rating scale. Results : The readability of both periapical radiographs and digital image increased as the size of the artificial lesion and exposure time increased (p < 0.05). Periapical radiographs offered greater readability of smaller bone defects than digital images, and the coefficient of variation of mean score between periapical radiographs and digital images showed a significant difference. Conclusion : The experimental results indicate that a significant difference in the coefficient of variation of mean score exists between periapical radiographs and digital images, and that traditional film-based periapical images offer greater readability of smaller bone defects than digital images can presently offer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference according to the domestic fashion company use the character image of the inside and outside of the country, the recognition for the importance of the character by examining the purchasing behavior of high school girls and college women as the major consumer in the character fashion commodity (in the center of the clothe and accessory), and the aid for the self-development and the licensing of the character in the future. This study targeted 491 high school girls and college women in Daegu and Kyung-pook area. The character preference according to the character image applied the fashion commodity was used the scale of seven point modified the S D (Semantic Differential) method for Kim, Chun-Ae's image measure. The followings are the conclusions of this study; Both the group of high school girls and the group of college women almost represented the similar reaction result for the images of 9 characters. For the preference of the group of high school girls and the group of college women for 9 character, for characters Tweety, Bugs Bunny, the group of college women represented more preference than the group of high school girls. However, for characters of Hello Kitty, Pazama sister's and Dalki, the group of high school girls represented more preference than the group of college women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the perception of nurse experts on the contribution of nursing interventions to Nursing Outcomes Classification NOC nursing outcomes. A nursing outcome is a nursing-sensitive patient outcome primarily affected by nursing interventions. As one of the standardized language systems of nursing outcomes, the NOC must be examined for applicability before it is used in Korea. Data were collected in February and March 2003 using a 5-point Likert scale. For data collection, 230 quality improvement (QI) or quality assurance (QA) nurses from general hospitals in Korea were asked to rate the extent that nursing interventions contribute to each of the NOC nursing outcomes (2000) in their hospitals. Ninety-six nurses from 63 hospitals responded and the response rate was $41.7\%$. Mean scores for perception of contribution of nursing interventions to each of the NOC nursing outcomes ranged from 2.18 to 4.54. Vital Signs Status had the highest score (M = 4.54), and Abuse Recovery: Financial, the lowest score (M = 2.18). Of the seven NOC domains, the mean score was highest for Physiologic Health (M = 3.91) and lowest for Community Health (M = 2.92). Of the 29 NOC classes, the mean score for perceived contribution was highest for Metabolic Regulation (M = 4.32) and lowest for Community Well-Being (M = 2.92). Participants perceived that nursing interventions in general hospitals in Korea contributed, at least to a certain extent, to most of the NOC nursing outcomes. Based on these results, NOC should have relatively good applicability in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of service and appropriateness of information provided in gastric cancer web sites. Method: The study investigated the status of the web sites retrieved when the keyword "gastric cancer" was searched on seven(7) different Internet portal sites. Among the retrieved information sites, 51 domestic websites, available on June and July 2008, were selected. They were evaluated based on two criteria, quality of service (7 items) and appropriateness of the information (11 items) on a 4-point scale($0{\sim}3$). The analysis of data was done using SPSS 12.0 PC+ program for descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests. Results: Findings revealed that the quality of service provided by the web sites had an average of $1.61{\pm}.55$. The score of information appropriateness was $.79{\pm}.64$. Among the studied websites, only 4(7.8%) scored higher than 22, placing them in the top 30%. Conclusion: This study suggests that most sites do not provide diverse types of gastric cancer-related information and that reliability is important in developing web-based programs related to gastric cancer in order to effectively promote and disseminate health information to the general public.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effects of clothing styles on impression formation of middle and high school students and 2) the differences in impression in relation to perceiver variablex(sex, age, residence). The sample consisted of 60 subjects in each of 8 perceiver groups according to sex, age and residence. Stimuli consisted of 10 color photographs of male and female adolescent wearing each of 5 clothing styles respectively. Questionnaires consisted of 43 seven-point semantic differential scales measuring perceivers responses to the stimuli, open-ended Question and perceiver’s clothing style preference. Responses to the semantic differential scale were factor analyzed and 4 factors - Self-confidence/refinement, Sincerity, Intelligence, and Sociability - were emerged to account for the structure of the impression of the male stimuli. Five factors - Sincerity, Refinement, Self-confidence, Sociability, Intellience - were emerged in case of female stimuli. One-way ANOVA results showed that clothing styles had the effects on all the factors of impression except Sincerity. From the reset analyzing the effects of perceiver variables on impressions, age had the effects in all the clothing styles, sex had the effects in 6 clothing styles, and residence in 5 clothing styles. Clothing style 5(male stimuli) and style 10(female stimuli) were the most preferred clothing style in all the subject groups.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.817-828
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• 2021

This article aims to examine the intention to use Islamic microfinance by women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Microfinance plays a significant role in developing the modern economy in the world by alleviating poverty, creating employment, and empowering women in society. The framework was built on Innovation and Diffusion Theory and Planned Behaviour Theory. The present study has adopted a quantitative research method, which focused on cross-sectional research design to address this problem. Primary data was collected and processed by using a 5-point Likert scale. For this research, a total of 178 questionnaires were distributed among women owners of micro-enterprises in Malaysia by using area collection sampling. To analyze the data, the SmartPLS 3 software package was used. This study developed seven hypotheses, all which have been supported both directly, indirectly, and mediated. This result will be beneficial in assisting policymakers, academics and future researchers who must consider the supported variables. Thus, the study contributes to developing a unique framework to assist women-owned micro-enterprise to success. It will be beneficial for practitioners to enhance women micro-enterprise success rate as well. Indeed, all of the grounded methods have implications both in theory and their main application for the business in SMEs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.375-380
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• 2021

Internal control is important for monitoring operations of organizations. In order to achieve the quality of internal control, organizations need to recognize different perspectives in which the components of internal control play a decisive role. Internal control is a process designed by the manager and it is applied within the organization to provide reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial information and to comply with policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws. The article uses the ordinary least squares method and the seven-point Likert scale to test the variables affecting the quality of internal control in 18 Vietnamese listed banks. The article surveyed 179 leaders of listed banks. The results show that there are three variables out of a total of five variables that positively affect the quality of internal control, including the control environment, control activities, and monitoring. Accordingly, the managers of Vietnamese listed banks need to pay attention to building a corporate culture environment, improve the quality of control activities, and periodically and regularly conduct the monitoring. It contributes to improving the quality of internal control and is also an opportunity to increase economic benefits for Vietnamese listed banks in the context of international economic integration.