• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

Speech Emotions recognition has become the active research theme in speech processing and in applications based on human-machine interaction. In this work, our system is a two-stage approach, namely feature extraction and classification engine. Firstly, two sets of feature are investigated which are: the first one is extracting only 13 Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) from emotional speech samples and the second one is applying features fusions between the three features: Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Teager Energy Operator (TEO), and Harmonic to Noise Rate (HNR) and MFCC features. Secondly, we use two types of classification techniques which are: the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) to show the performance between them. Besides that, we investigate the importance of the recent advances in machine learning including the deep kernel learning. A large set of experiments are conducted on Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion (SAVEE) dataset for seven emotions. The results of our experiments showed given good accuracy compared with the previous studies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study was to confirm the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung patients using the core seven-emotions inventory-short form. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study based on the electronic medical records from a Korean medicine hospital. We included patients who were diagnosed with Hwa-byung and examined with Core Seven-Emotions Inventory-short Form (CSEI-S) during hospitalization periods. We presented the characteristics of Hwa-byung by demographic information, CSEI-S, Hwa-byung scale, and Korean Symptom Checklist 95. A correlation analysis was performed between CSEI-S and other clinical and psychological characteristics. Results: The Chiljeong characteristics of Hwa-byung were high in the order of Sorrow (悲), Thought (思), Fear (恐), Fright (驚), Depression (憂), Joy (喜), and Anger (怒). There was no significant difference between each emotion. After combined Korean medical treatment, Sorrow (悲) and Thought (思) significantly decreased. There were static correlations between sorrow (悲) and fright (驚), thought (思) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and fright (驚), thought (思) and depression (憂), fear (恐) and fright (驚), anger (怒) and thought (思), thought (思) and fright (驚), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). Sorrow (悲) and Hwa-byung characteristics scale showed static correlation. Joy (喜) showed a static correlation with disharmony between the heart and kidney scores of the Hwa-byung pattern identification. Between KSCL-95 and CSEI-S, static correlation appeared in depression (憂) with depression, anxiety, and sleep problem scale, sorrow (悲) with depression and anxiety, fright (驚) with depression and obsessive symptoms. Conclusions: Despite several limitations due to the study design and small sample size, this research successfully used CSEI-S to study the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung for the first time.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-251
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• 2020

Purpose The research was studied the hierarchical Hangul emotion index by organizing all the emotions which SNS users are thinking. As a preliminary study by the researcher, the English-based Plutchick (1980)'s emotional standard was reinterpreted in Korean, and a hashtag with implicit meaning on SNS was studied. To build a multidimensional emotion dictionary and classify three-dimensional emotions, an emotion seed was selected for the composition of seven emotion sets, and an emotion word dictionary was constructed by collecting SNS hashtags derived from each emotion seed. We also want to explore the priority of each Hangul emotion index. Design/methodology/approach In the process of transforming the matrix through the vector process of words constituting the sentence, weights were extracted using TF-IDF (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency), and the dimension reduction technique of the matrix in the emotion set was NMF (Nonnegative Matrix Factorization) algorithm. The emotional dimension was solved by using the characteristic value of the emotional word. The cosine distance algorithm was used to measure the distance between vectors by measuring the similarity of emotion words in the emotion set. Findings Customer needs analysis is a force to read changes in emotions, and Korean emotion word research is the customer's needs. In addition, the ranking of the emotion words within the emotion set will be a special criterion for reading the depth of the emotion. The sentiment index study of this research believes that by providing companies with effective information for emotional marketing, new business opportunities will be expanded and valued. In addition, if the emotion dictionary is eventually connected to the emotional DNA of the product, it will be possible to define the "emotional DNA", which is a set of emotions that the product should have.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2007

The aim of the experimental studies described in this paper is to investigate the effects of the face/eye/mouth areas using dynamic facial expressions and static facial expressions on emotional recognition. Using seven-seconds-displays, experiment 1 for basic emotions and experiment 2 for complex emotions are executed. The results of two experiments supported that the effects of dynamic facial expressions are higher than static one on emotional recognition and indicated the higher emotional recognition effects of eye area on dynamic images than mouth area. These results suggest that dynamic properties should be considered in emotional study with facial expressions for not only basic emotions but also complex emotions. However, we should consider the properties of emotion because each emotion did not show the effects of dynamic image equally. Furthermore, this study let us know which facial area shows emotional states more correctly is according to the feature emotion.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after conducting Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, the main technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with panic disorder. Methods: We conducted a Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind for 10 sessions on an age 23 female diagnosed with panic disorder based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. After receiving consent from the subject, through chart review, the progress of treatment was observed focusing on the MMPI-2 and CSEI-s (The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form) conducted pre- and post-treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (WMCSB202007-55). Results: 1. The MMPI-2 clinical scales of an age 23 female with panic disorder showed a 7 (Pt)-1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile pre-treatment, but for post-treatment, the scale showed 1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile, and the 7 (Pt) scale showed significant decline. In the MMPI-2 reconstructed clinical scales, RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) showed significant decline. 2. In the pre- and post-treatment MMPI-2 content scales, Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Social Discomfort, and Work Interference scores decreased, showing overall positive stability. On the MMPI-2 supplementary scales, the Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scores decreased, and the Ego Strength increased, resulting in improved overall psychological adaptation. 3. Pre- and post-treatment of an age 23 female with panic disorder, CSEI-s showed significant decline of 恐, 驚, 悲, and 思. So it seems that the emotions caused by Chiljeongsang (七情傷) were more stable than before treatment. Conclusions: As shown above, the treatment of panic disorder through Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, a major technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, showed positive changes in MMPI-2 as well as improvement of the subjective symptoms. Thus, Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind has high clinical use, and it seems that it is necessary to create a manual for this in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2009

This study was performed to examine the emotion expectations and explanations of four participants(an actor, a recipient, a child observer, and an adult observer) in moral, social-conventional, and personal rule transgression situations. Six vignettes describing the rule transgressions were presented to 200 children who were either five or seven years old. The children were asked to predict and explain each participant's emotions. The children's emotion expectations were different depending on the domain of the rule transgressions and on the type of the participant. The actors were predicted to feel happy during all transgressions, while the recipients and two observers(a child and an adult) were predicted to feel unhappy. The seven-year-old children attributed more happiness to the actors, and more negative affect to the recipients compared to the five-year-olds. This result was inconsistent with the previous findings that older children attributed more happiness to actors. This finding was discussed in relation to the 'happy victimizer'. Some categories of emotion explanations were differentiated according to the domain of rule transgressions. The personal rule transgressions, newly defined and examined in this study, were judged to be less serious than the moral rule transgressions in terms of the intensity of the negative affect.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2005

Objective : The relations of the heart size and seven emotions were described in Dong Yi Bo Gam, and we aimed to identify the correlations of the patients with anxiety disorder and their heart sizes. Methods : The subjects were 15 patients with anxiety disorder and 20 control groups. Chest radiography were performed. We measured patients' heart sizes and compared with control groups. Results : 1. The signigicant difference of somatization, anxiety, depression scale and Panic anxiety scale in SCL-90-R in patients with anxiety disorder from controls was confirmed. 2. The difference of thoracic sizes in patients with anxiety disorder and controls had no correlations. 3. The difference of heart sizes in patients with anxiety disorder and controls had no correlations. 4. The difference of cardiothoracic ratio in patients with anxiety disorder and controls had negative correlations. Conclusions : Based on these results, the patients with anxiety disorders and their heart sizes had no correlations. But in cardiothoracic ratio had negative correlations. So heart size and seven emotions have significant correlation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2004

Behavioral characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders among children.child psyachiatry. Inattention, Hyperactivity that is done by hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction is major sypmton in ADHD, But etiology and pathological facor of ADHD is very much or unkown.. We brought to about a Study on the Oriental - medical pathologic Understanding about Inattention, Hyperactivity symptom in ADHD within Don yui bo gam Book are as follows. 1. Oriental medical pathologic concepts about Inattention, Hyperactivity are continuous with process of Yang Qi(陽氣), an unbalance of qi(氣) and shen ming(神明), excess of seven emotions(七情), pathology of Huo(火). 2. Immanent factors in inattention, Hyperactivity are improper diet, overtiredness and seven emotions, are continuous with pathological process of the heart, liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach, kidneys. 3. In oriental medicine, considered as a child's qi of shao yang, dynamic physiological feature, excess and want of yin and yang, organs and bowels, immanently imbalance in growth rather than a child's mental disorder 4. Inattention, looseness in ADHD-PI type are continuous with forgetfulness, improper overtiredness, shortage of qi, the interior heat syndrome due to yin deficiency within Don yui bo gam Book 5. Hyperactivity, impulsive actions in ADHD-C type are continuous with sudden palpitation, severe palpitation, delirium, fidgeting due to deficiency, fidgetiness, hyperactivity of huo due to yin deficiency, fever, febrile disease with accumulation of blood.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2004

In the existing Medical Literatures in Korea and China, there is neither the same book name nor same contents of the Medical Book named ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak(要略)${\lrcorner}$, but in viewing of the different name as written as ${\ulcorner}$GyoinYoryak(敎人要略)${\lrcorner}$, it is considered that written as an unpublished manuscript-book for the purpose of Medical Education in the latter period of Chosun Dynasty. While the author, Songgyesanin(松溪散人) is even anonymous as yet, it is regarded that he was much familiar with medical science as a secluded ascetic aiming for Taoism-like Life In ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak${\lrcorner}$, the contents of Taoism Literature named as ${\ulcorner}$OjangYukbudo(五臟六腑圖)${\lrcorner}$ which was regarded that had been actually initiated since ${\ulcorner}$Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚)${\lrcorner}$ is being quoted thereat, also it attempts to combine with ${\ulcorner}$DonguiBogam(東醫寶鑑)${\lrcorner}$, the typical Medical Literature of Chosun Dynasty. With reference to Cause of Disease, since Chin Moo-Taek(陳無擇) asserted 'Theory of Three-Causes(三因說)' in his Book ${\ulcorner}$Samin Keukilbyungjeung Bangron(三因極一病證方論)${\lrcorner}$, it effects many influences to the coming generation, However, on coming up to ${\ulcorner}$Yoryak${\lrcorner}$, the medical science book of Chosun Dynasty, the 'Theory of Two-Causes(二因說)' which consisted of 'Internal Causes by Seven Emotions' and 'Exterior Causes by Six Harmful Surroundings' is also being asserted. In accordance with this Theory, it refers to the 'Seven Emotions(七情)' as the fundamental factor to possibly weaken the viscera and entrails, and also regards that the Exterior Harmful Surroundings invade to body when the viscera and entrails are under weakened condition. Therefore, since Cause of Disease naming as 'Cause Theory at Neither Interior Nor Exterior' is not tolerable in such Diagnostic System, it is daringly advocating the 'Two Causes Theory', getting free from the viewpoint of 'Three Causes Theory' that Chin Moo-Taek has ever maintained.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2014

Objectives: Chiljeong means the basic emotions containing joy, anger, anxiety, depression, fear and fright in Korean traditional medicine. Chiljeong was considered as a cause diseases or syndrome. The pathology of Chiljeong described the action of the gi and the principle of eumyangohaeng. When we treat the psychiatric symptoms in Korean traditional medicine, we need to understand the pathologic mechanism of Chiljeong. Methods: We extract the sentences regarding Chiljeong, Oji, Chilgi and Gugi along with the related words in Donguibogam. We analyze the selected sentences and classify the pathologic mechanism according to the general and seven emotions. Results: We found that several parts were related to Chiljeong, except the Sinmun, including the psychiatric symptoms in Donguibogam. Conclusions: The most frequently mentioned affected areas of basic Jangbu are Sim and Gan. The pathologic mechanism of general emotion was categorized by sentences into 4 groups, Giul, Dameum, Hwa and Heo.