• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.856-863
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• 2013

Application of rhizospheric fungi is an effective and environmentally friendly method of improving plant growth and controlling many plant diseases. The current study was aimed to identify phytohormone-producing fungi from soil, to understand their roles in sesame plant growth, and to control Fusarium disease. Three predominant fungi (PNF1, PNF2, and PNF3) isolated from the rhizospheric soil of peanut plants were screened for their growth-promoting efficiency on sesame seedlings. Among these isolates, PNF2 significantly increased the shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings compared with controls. Analysis of the fungal culture filtrate showed a higher concentration of indole acetic acid in PNF2 than in the other isolates. PNF2 was identified as Penicillium sp. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence similarity. The in vitro biocontrol activity of Penicillium sp. against Fusarium sp. was exhibited by a 49% inhibition of mycelial growth in a dual culture bioassay and by hyphal injuries as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, greenhouse experiments revealed that Fusarium inhibited growth in sesame plants by damaging lipid membranes and reducing protein content. Co-cultivation with Penicillium sp. mitigated Fusarium-induced oxidative stress in sesame plants by limiting membrane lipid peroxidation, and by increasing the protein concentration, levels of antioxidants such as total polyphenols, and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. Thus, our findings suggest that Penicillium sp. is a potent plant growth-promoting fungus that has the ability to ameliorate damage caused by Fusarium infection in sesame cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.1 s.70
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• pp.25-30
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• 1987

An unusual disease syndrome, partial stem rot and final blight of the whole plants was observed in sesame, Sesamum indicum L., cultivar Pungnyeonkkae and Kwangsankkae grown in the field. Symptoms progressed from water-soaking continuous banding lesions on one side of stem to producing abundant Fusarium growth on the lesion at late stage of pathogenesis. Although wilting of plants was most frequently observed in sesame seedlings when infected with Fusarium oxysporum, reproduction of the partial stem discoloration and rot was possible by soil inoculation, and wound inoculation in old plants. The disease occurred from late July. Mycological characteristics of the isolate Fusarium oxysporum compared with those reported in sesame suggested that the isolate might be F. oxysporum f. sp. sesame.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

Total 90 species of medicinal plants were surveyed to see if they have any suppressive effects on the dinsity of M hapla at the exhibition field in the Chinan medicinal herbs experiment station. In 70 species including Achyranthes japonica, root-knot and/or egg sac of M. hapla was not found and these plants were planted in C. lanceolata field to check the degree of M. hapla infection. In 26 species including A. japonica, M. hapla infection was not observed. Simultaneously, 30 species were planted in pots to find out degree of infection by M. hapla. Dianthus chinensis, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sedum kantschaticum, Ricinus communis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Malva verticillate, Chelidonium majus, Sesamum indicum, Agrimonia pilosa, Geum aleppicum, Sanguisorba officinalis and Scrophularia buergeriana were free from infection. While the number of galls and density of M. hapla in soil were higher to high innoculation density, and the growth of C. lanceolata was rower.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.749-760
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• 2018

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, the Korean government has pursued cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. For this policy to succeed, it is critical to understand the topographic information of paddy fields and its effects on upland crops cultivated in the soils of paddy fields. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth properties of sesame and perilla from paddy fields with three soil topographic features and soil water effects which were induced by the topographic features of the sesame and perilla. The crops were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different topographies: mountain foot slope, local valley and alluvial plain. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during the growing season. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope was significantly effective in alleviating wet injury for the sesame and perilla in the paddy fields. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope had a decreased average soil water content and groundwater level during cultivation. Stress day index (SDI) from the alluvial plain paddy field had the greatest values from both crops and the smallest from the ones from the paddy field of the mountain foot slope. This result means that sesame and perilla had the smallest stress from the soil water content of the paddy field on the mountain foot slope and the greatest stress from the soil water content of the alluvial plain. It is important to consider the topography of paddy fields to reduce wet injury and to increase crop yields.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.379-387
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• 2022

A large amount of the mineral nitrogen is necessary for crop growth. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural yield has increased during the last few decades. However, at the same time, nitrate from the cultivated land can be a source of environmental pollution, especially in water systems. For nitrogen management, it is necessary to analyze the pattern of nitrogen movement in soil. In this study, nitrogen leaching in upland soils was evaluated using undisturbed lysimeters with different soil textures during sesame cultivation. The soil texture of the lysimeters was clay loam (Songjung series) and sandy loam (Sangju series) soils. Sesame was cultivated from May 25 to August 24 in 2020. The standard amount of NPK fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O = 2.9-3.1-3.2 kg·10 a^-1) was applied before sowing. The amount of nitrogen leaching was calculated by multiplying the nitrogen (NO₃-N + NH₄-N) concentration and the amount of water drained below 1.5 m soil depth. The water was drained through percolation into macropores in the clay loam lysimeter. In contrast, in the sandy loam lysimeter, water drained more slowly than in the clay loam lysimeter. There was a slight difference in the total amount of leachate during the cultivation period, but the amount of nitrogen leaching was high in sandy loam soil. During the sesame cultivation period, the amount of nitrogen leaching from clay soil was 5.64 kg·10 a^-1, and 10.70 kg·10 a^-1 for sandy soil. We found that there was a difference in leaching depending on the soil physical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of soil to evaluate the leaching of nitrogen.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.663-670
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• 2018

This study was performed to confirm the antioxidative and hair-growth-promotion effects of a fermented compound composed of five materials, namely Allium cepa, Cucurbita spp., Glycine max Merr., Pinus sylvestris leaf, and Sesamum indicum. An additional compound composed of two materials was composed of Allium cepa and Cucurbita spp. Antioxidative effects were measured based on DPPH radical-scavenging activity and total flavonoid content. Fermented 5-type natural compounds (5NC) showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid content than those of fermented 2-type natural compounds (2NC). Hair-growth promotion was demonstrated in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), oid contentontenteptidase phospactivity, and macroscopic observation were measured. Experimental animals were divided into four groups based on the samples they were administered: water, pansildil (P-CON), 5NC, and 2NC. Samples were administered orally once a day at a fixed time for four weeks. Both ALP and ${\gamma}eeksactivity$ increased in the 5NC group compared with the 2NC group. In macroscopic observation, the P-CON group grew the most and were most similar to the state before shaving. The 5NC group grew hair similar to the P-CON group. In all the results, the 5NC group showed greater antioxidative and hair-growth-promotion effects than the 2NC group. Consequently, 5NC could be used as an ingredient for hair-growth promotion.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.277-287
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• 2012

To develop new therapeutic materials to prevent hair loss and enhance hair growth, we developed a medicinal herbal complex extract (MHCE) using 23 herbs traditionally used in oriental medicine. Medicinal Herbal complex extract was consist of Angelica gigas Nakai, Psoralea corylifolia Linne, Biota orientalis Endlicher, and Eclipta prostrata Linne, Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino, Ligustrum lucidum Aiton, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, and Sesamum indicum Linne, Sophora angustifolia Sieboldet Zuccarini, Angelica dahurica Benthamet Hooker, and Leonurus sibiricus Linne, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Prunus persica Batsch, Commiphora molmol Engler, Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, Boswellia carterii Birdwood, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Cnidium officinale Makino, Albizia julibrissin Durazzini, and Corydalis ternata Nakai that have traditionally been used for treating hair loss, preventing gray hair, anti-inflammation, and blood circulation in oriental medicine. In addition, we examined the hair growth effect of MHCE in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we evaluated the effects of MHCE on cultured HFDPC, HaCaT cells, and murine embryonal fibroblasts (NIH3T3 cells). Also, we evaluated the ability of MHCE to prevent gray hair on murine melanoma cells (B16F1 cells). The hair growth-promoting effect of MHCE in vitro was also observed in vivo using C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that MHCE significantly increased the proliferation of HFDPC (175 % proliferation at $50{\mu}g/mL$), HaCaT cells (133 % proliferation at $20{\mu}g/mL$), and NIH3T3 cells (120 % proliferation at $50{\mu}g/mL$). MHCE also showed consistent melanogenesis in B16F1 cells (154 % melanin synthesis at $50{\mu}g/mL$). Moreover, MHCE showed potential for hair growth stimulation in C57BL/6 mice experiments (98 % hair growth area on 4 weeks). These results indicate that MHCE may be a good candidate for promotion of hair growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.223-230
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• 1982

To obtain the information on the germination and initial growth of the sesame, the seed of 6 sesame cultivars obtained from upper and lower position of plants were seeded and the results on the germination and initial growth were summarized as follows; 1. When the seeding time was delayed, the days to flower of all sesame cultivars were significantly decreased. And the shortening rate of days to flower by delaying seeding time showed significant differences among the sesame cultivars. 2. At all cultivars excluding IS 103, the germination percentage of the seeds obtained from lower position of sesame plant was significantly higher than those from upper position. 3. Germination percentage of IS 103 seeds from lower position of sesame plant was 20.0% at petri dish experiment and 75.0% at pot experiment and those from upper position of the stem was 17.0% at petri dish experiment and 72.5% at pot experiment, respectively. 4. The germination speed of all cultivars showed a same tendency as germination percentage, but the germination speed of cultivars at pot experiment was higher than those at petri dish experiment. 5. The sesame seedlings from lower position seed were increased in stem length, root length, leaf length and fresh weight than those from upper position seed. The germination percentage and the initial growth showed significant differences by the seed weight in same cultivar, however did not show any varietal differences.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 1987

Allelopathic activity of dominant upland weed species was determined using aqueous and methanol extracts and dried residues of the weeds. Germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were greatly inhibited by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Portulaca oleracea L., respectively. Great phytotoxicity on both indicator plants occurred by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Capsel/a bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. A complete inhibition in germination and seedling growth of radish was caused by 2% (w/v) methanol extract of A. asiatica. There was about 90% inhibition in germination and seedling growth of sesame due to 2% (w/v) methanol extracts of A. asiatica, P. oleracea and Trifolium repens L. Phytotoxic effects varied with extract solution, weed species and indicator plants employed, indicating that the weed species contained different contents and kinds of allelopathic chemicals. Water potential and pH adjusted to those of the extracts did not affect germination and seedling growth of the indicator plants. Phytotoxicity increased with increasing concentration of the extracts obtained from four suspected alleopathic weeds. Soil-incorporated plant residues of A. asiatica and P. oleracea caused greater phytotoxicity on radish than those of C. bursa-pastoris and T. repens.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of night illumination on the growth and yield of sesame(Sesamum indicum) and perilla(Perilla frutescens). Stem length and height of the first pod in sesame increased, whereas number of branch was reduced and flowering date and maturing date delayed as light intensity of night illumination increased. Number of capsules per plant, ripening ratio and seed yield of sesame were reduced as light intensity of night illumination increased. Yield reduction was greater in Ahnsankkae than in Sodunkkae. Number of nodes increased under night illumination in perilla. Two test cultivars showed reduction in number of branch at 6~10 Lx(22 ㎽ m$^{-2}$ ) intensity of night illumination, even though there was a variation between cultivars. Perilla was sensitive to night illumination far flowering and ripening. Flowering date was delayed by 21 to 28 days at 6~10 Lx intensity of night illumination. Number of flower clusters, number of seeds per flower cluster, and 1,000-seed weight in perilla were significantly reduced and seed yield was reduced by 89 to 98% at 6-10 Lx intensity of night illumination.