• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.487-498
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• 2015

The energy problem has occurred because of the effects of rising temperature and growing population and GDP. Prediction for the energy demand is required to respond these problems. Therefore, this study will predict heating and cooling energy consumption in residential sector to be helpful in energy demand management, particularly heating and cooling energy demand management. The AIM/end-use model was used to estimate energy consumption, and service demand was needed in the AIM/end-use model. Service demand was estimated on the basis of formula, and energy consumption was estimated using the AIM/end-use model. As a result, heating and cooling service demand tended to increase in 2050. But in energy consumption, heating decreased and cooling increased.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the demand and willingness to pay for oral hygiene services among elderly people with long-term care insurance. Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional analysis. Subjects comprised 126 elderly individuals from long-term home-care centers. A total of 28 centers were selected through convenience sampling from among 78 centers in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$. For analysis, semi-structured questionnaires that required about 20-30 minutes to complete were used. Analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The overall demand for oral hygiene services was 44.4%, and willingness to pay was 31.0%. Thirty-three people (58.9%) of elderly those who have demand for an oral hygiene service were willing to pay for the service, and 64 people (91.4%) who did not have a demand were not willing to pay for it. Among those with partial dependence on brushing, 65.6% had demand for oral hygiene services and 50.0% were willing to pay costs. Among basic livelihood beneficiaries, 69.6% were willing to pay for oral hygiene services; general subjects and relievers were less willing to pay. Conclusions: The overall demand for oral hygiene services among elderly people was 44.4%, and the willingness to pay was as low as 31.0%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2017

In this study, we discuss the modeling of domestic transport sector using GCAM(Global Change Assessment Model). The GCAM is one of integrated assessment models widely used in internationally modeling community, and applied for the evaluation of IPCC 5th Report. Nevertheless, it is noted that there are a considerable number of problems in its application to domestic transport sector. First, the base year information of GCAM for detailed transportation service demand is found not consistent with national statistics. Second, the transportation sector simulation results do not properly reflect the past trends of service demand. Thus, the base year service demand is carefully matched with the detailed national statistics. In addition, the existing models were checked and modified so that the simulation results of service demand can accurately reflect past trends of national statistics. As a result, it is reported in detail how the current GCAM simulation results are corrected and how the trend of past transportation sector service demands is properly reflected. This study is expected to be useful as a basic tool for future scenario analysis for transportation policy, technology evaluation and greenhouse gas reduction measures.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study investigates empirically on the business analysis of fixed mobile convergence telecommunication service. As for the stage of empirical analysis, the process was carried out in the order elaboration of a test model, selection of sample, empirical analysis and interpretation of result. We report our Preliminary results on the fixed mobile convergence telecommunication service demand pattern forecasting by Bass model. The results show that the fixed mobile convergence telecommunication service may sustain profitability over the next ten years in the market. In conclusion, the practical implication of the result attained by this study is that in order to create a fixed mobile convergence in the korean business world, practical tools such as WiBro service is no less important than fixed service and Mobile service, and that users may be rightfully encouraged to adopt WiBro service.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.193-208
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out not only customer demands and satisfaction with service quality in restaurants, but the difference between customer satisfaction and employee practice. This study also identifies the factors affecting customer satisfaction. For the purpose, 116 copies of a questionnaire for employees and 213 for customers were analyzed with frequency, percentile, mean, multiple regression analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple range test, using SPSS/WIN 10.0 program. The major findings obtained in this study are as follows: First, customer demands were affected mostly by educational level among socio-demographic variables. Second, customer demand for service quality was not fully being met, considering customer satisfaction level. Third, employee practice was generally above customer satisfaction. Fourth, One of the variables that chiefly affect customer satisfaction was demand for information and facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

There is the uncertainty of demands at each retailer in the supply chain. To satisfy customers' demand, retailer must have enough inventory. Nevertheless, stockout is occurred for some retailers. A lateral transshipment policy can be effectively used to deal with stockout. The new lateral transshipment policy, referred to service level adjustment (SLA), is suggested. The difference between SLA and previous policies is the integration of an emergency lateral 'transshipment with a preventive lateral transshipment to efficiently respond customers' demand in the proposed policy. Additionally, the service level to decide the quantity of products is considered. Simulation experiment is executed to treat stochastic factors in the two-echelon supply chain. The proposed policy can reduce total cost and is more effective to the change of demand, penalty cost, and ordering cost than the currently used policies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.631-641
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• 2011

Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) are now in commercial service, tearing down the traditional boundaries between the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. These latest developments also hold important implications for research projects in related areas. Both telecommunications and broadcasting being fields with a strong service orientation, market demand should be the primary consideration when selecting research and development (R&D) projects in these areas. This study presents a process for selecting converged telecommunications-broadcasting technology development projects from a demand-oriented perspective, using criteria that are based on projected future demand characteristics. Aimed at increasing the efficiency of the R&D project selection process in telecommunications and broadcasting convergence, this study can point out new directions in R&D management in this field.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2007

This paper presents a price-based quality-of-service (QoS) control framework for two-class network services, in which circuit-switched and packet-switched services are defined as "premium service class" and "best-effort service class," respectively. Given the service model, a customer may decide to use the other class as a perfect or an imperfect substitute when he or she perceives the higher utility of the class. Given the framework, fixed-point problems are solved numerically to investigate how static pricing can be used to control the demand and the QoS of each class. The rationale behind this is as follows: For a network service provider to determine the optimal prices that maximize its total revenue, the interactions between the QoS-dependent demand and the demand-dependent QoS should be thoroughly analyzed. To test the robustness of the proposed model, simulations were performed with gradually increasing customer demands or network workloads. The simulation results show that even with substantial demands or workloads, self-adjustment mechanism of the model works and it is feasible to obtain fixed points in equilibrium. This paper also presents a numerical example of guaranteeing the QoS statistically in the short term-that is, through the implementation of pricing strategies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.sup1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Background: While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. Methods: After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. Results: The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040-an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309-an increase of -24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Conclusion: Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time, effort, and resources; therefore, by analyzing the various factors affecting the supply of cardiovascular surgeons, an active intervention of policies can be prescribed for the areas that have failed to meet the appropriate market distributions.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

Video-on-demand (VOD) service allows subscribers to view any video whenever they want. With the development of the high speed computer networks, web-based VOD services are available. To support VOD services, charging scheme is necessary. Pay-per-view is an effective charging scheme for VOD services. Pay-per-view allows the subscribers to pay for what they have viewed. Privacy is another important attribute for VOD services. The subscribers may not want to reveal what they have viewed to anyone including the VOD provider. Anonymity makes it complicated to calculate charge for the VOD service. An approach that achieves both anonymity and pay-per-view charge calculation is necessary. In this paper, anonymous web-based VOD service is proposed. The proposed approach also gives pay-per-view capability.