• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1291-1300
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, small intestinal morphology and endogenous protease activity in broiler chickens reared under a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The main effects were CP level (21.0%, 19.7%, 18.5%, or 17.2% from 1 to 21 days and 19.0%, 17.9%, 16.7%, or 15.6% from 22 to 35 days) and protease enzyme supplementation (0 ppm or 500 ppm). All experimental diets were fortified with synthetic feed-grade lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan to provide the minimum amino acid recommended levels for Cobb 500. Results: Reducing dietary CP linearly reduced (p<0.05) growth performance, serum albumin, total protein, and carcass traits and increased (p<0.05) serum triglycerides and abdominal fat. There was no consistent effect of reducing dietary CP on morphological parameters of the intestine and on the pancreatic and intestinal endogenous protease activity (p>0.05). Protease supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal absorptive surface area. Conclusion: Protease supplementation, as measured by growth performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield, may alleviate the detrimental effects of low protein diets in broiler chickens.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

This study was performed to process Tofu as an hypolipidemic food using black ginseng. Before processing we performed the ameliorating effect of black ginseng on the serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in diabetic mice (db/db mice). As a result, the diabetic mice, whose diet was supplemented with black ginseng has a reduced level of serum lipid total cholesterol ($124.58{\pm}10.59mg/dL$) compared to non-supplemented diabetic mice, The supplemented mice exhibited a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum lipid triglycerides ($80.32{\pm}35.40mg/dL$), which provided the efficacy of black ginseng in reducing hyperlipemia, thus indirectly proving the prevention and treatment of obesity. Then we processed Tofu as a hypolipidemic food using 0~8% black ginseng extract. We evaluated the quality characteristic after producing black ginseng Tofu. For color value, as the addition level of color increases, the value of L (lightness) decreased and a (redness), b (yellowness) increased. With increase in black ginseng concentrate additional level increases, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values increased (p<0.05), but the springiness and cohesiveness showed no significant differences. In case of sensory evaluation, Tofu with the addition of 2% black ginseng concentrate (BGT2) showed the highest preference overall. To sum up, black ginseng demonstrated pharmacological effects in treating diabetic complications like hyperlipidemia and reducing body deposit fat.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.384-392
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• 2007

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of a water-distilled extract with 15 kinds of Korean medicinal herb on antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, and lipid metabolism. The water-distilled extract (WE) and fermenting water-distilled extract (FE) of medicinal herbs were utilized in order to make functional beverages. The EDA (electron donating activity), SOD-like ability, and RAE (relative antioxidant efficacy) of WE averaged 24.47, 50.35, and 1.57%, respectively, but the EDA, SOD-like ability, and RAE of FE was retardeded by 12.01, 35.72, and 1.55%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori of WE averaged 12.84 mm as a diametric clear zone, and was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those measured in the WE and control. Serum triglyceride contents, total serum cholesterol contents, and serum LDL-cholesterol contents of the WE group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control group. The liver total-cholesterol contents and liver triglycerides of WE group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control group. The plasma TBARS value of the WE group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control group. The sensory evaluation, taste, and smell of FE were more desirable than those of WE, but the color of WE was more desirable. According to the above results, the water distilled extracts (WE) of 15 kinds of medicinal herb are supposed to be effective with regard to antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism, but the antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori was increased as the result of fermentation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2007

The antidiabetic effect of Gastrodia elata blume was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley 30 rats, were divided into five groups, normal group(n=6), group Ⅰ was diabetic groups(n=6), group Ⅱ was diabetic induced and oral administration of Gastrodia elata blume extract 0.1 g/kg body weight(n=6) and group Ⅲ was diabetic induced and oral administration of Gastrodia elata blume extract 0.3 g/kg(n=6) and group Ⅳ was 0.5 g/kg(n=6) body weight for 28 days on Diabetic rats. Analysis the body weight, level of serum glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), aspartate transminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). Oral administrations of the Gastrodia elata blume extract significantly decreased weight, serum glucose, TC, TG, AST, and ALT levels, while increased in normal group. (p<0.05). TC and TG was significantly decreased in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ. and AST, LT was no significantly in any groups. It is concluded that the Gastrodia elata blume must be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1187-1195
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• 2006

Panax notoginseng exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. P. notoginseng is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main P. notoginseng are still not accurately investigated. The exact mechanism of the anti-oxidant activitys of water extracts of P. notoginseng, however, has not been determined. in present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of P. notoginseng on high cholesterol diet atherosclerosis-induced rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of P. notoginseng (P. notoginseng group) for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterl, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significently lowered in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentraion significently higher in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol feed group. And abdominal aortic xanthine oxidase activity was significantly reduced by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Also abdominal aortic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Especially, abdominal aortic level of lipid peroxide tended to increase in high cholesterol feed group, but water extract of P. notoginseng intake reduced the value (p<0.05).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.466-471
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Currently, natural products have been shown to exhibit interesting biological and pharmacological activities and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study, conducted on Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Artemisia arborescens oil on oestroprogestative treatment induced damage on liver. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 36 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; a control group (n = 9), a group of rats who received oestroprogestative treatment by intraperitoneal injection (n = 9), a group pre-treated with Artemisia arborescens then injected with oestroprogestative treatment (n = 9), and a group pre-treated with Artemisia arborescens (n = 9). To minimize the handling stress, animals from each group were sacrificed rapidly by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation and the livers were removed, cleaned of fat, and stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ until use. RESULTS: In the current study, oestroprogestative poisoning resulted in oxidative stress, which was demonstrated by 1) a significant increase of lipid peroxidation level in hepatic tissue 2) increased levels of serum transaminases (aspartate amino transferase and serum alanine amino transferase), alkaline phosphatase, glycemia and triglycerides and a decrease in the level of cholesterol 3) alteration of hepatic architecture. Pre-administration of Artemisia arborescens oil was found to alleviate oestroprogestative treatment induced damage by lowering lipid peroxidation level and by increasing activity of catalase, superoxide-dismutase, and glutathione-peroxidase in liver and by reducing disruption of biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the results obtained in this study confirmed that Artemisia essential oil protects against oestroprogestative administration induced hepatotoxicity by restoration of liver activities.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2024

Purpose: The inflammatory response due to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial pathogens, and the altered lipoprotein metabolism in patients with periodontitis indicates that infection with periodontal anaerobic bacteria may influence atherogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to explore the effect of periodontitis concerning clinical and ultrasound markers of early atherosclerosis. Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 30 systemically healthy adults (15 with periodontitis and 15 without periodontitis) over 40 years of age were studied. Periodontitis was determined by measuring the clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic bone loss (RBL). Conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index, serum levels of total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), and high-density and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL, respectively) cholesterol were evaluated. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured using ultrasonography. Results: The mean values of the CAL and carotid IMT were 5.02±0.9 mm and 0.084±0.01 cm vs. 1.6±0.61 mm and 0.072±0.02 cm in the periodontitis and healthy groups, respectively, reflecting statistically significant differences (P=0.001 and P=0.037, respectively). There were statistically significant differences in the serum levels of TCH, TG, and LDL between the 2 groups (P=0.017). The CAL and RBL were positively associated with carotid IMT and serum cholesterol levels, except for HDL, whereas tooth loss was not associated with any markers (P<0.05). Compared to the healthy group, participants with periodontitis exhibited 2.09 times higher odds (95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.59) of having subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions: The presence of periodontitis increased the risk of atherosclerosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

${\alpha}$-Lipoic acid and L-carnosine are powerful antioxidants and are often used as a health supplement and as an ergogenic aid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and/or L-carnosine supplementation on antioxidant activity in serum, skin, and liver of rats and blood lipid profiles for 6 weeks. Four treatment groups received diets containing regular rat chow diet (control, CON), 0.5% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (ALA), 0.25% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid+0.25% L-carnosine (ALA+LC), or 0.5% L-carnosine (LC). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, were analyzed in serum, skin, and liver. Blood lipid profiles were measured, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Skin and liver SOD activities of the ALA and LC groups were higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05), but serum SOD activity was higher only in the LC group compared to that in the CON group (P<0.05). Additionally, only liver GSH-Px activity in the LC group was higher than that of the CON and the other groups. Serum and skin MDA levels in the ALA and LC groups were lower than those in the CON group (P<0.05). Serum TG and TC in the ALA and ALA+LC groups were lower than those in the CON and LC groups (P<0.05). The HDL-C level in the LC group was higher than that in any other group (P<0.05). LDL-C level was lower in the ALA+LC and LC groups than that in the CON group (P<0.05). Thus, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and L-carnosine supplementation increased antioxidant activity, decreased lipid peroxidation in the serum, liver, and skin of rats and positively modified blood lipid profiles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2016

Background: Dietary supplementation of unsaturated fats in ruminants, if not stabilized, can instigate oxidative stress which can have negative impact on production performance and enhance the susceptibility to various diseases. The current study examined the effect of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on serum fatty acids, antioxidant profile and biochemical indices in goats. Thirty Boer bucks (4-5 months old; initial BW, $20.34{\pm}0.77kg$) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 or 8 % CPOB and fed daily for a period of 90 days. Blood was sampled from the goats on 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the trial and the serum was analyzed for fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, antioxidants and lipid oxidation. Results: Neither diet nor sampling time influenced serum TBARS value, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein. Goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had higher (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol than the control goats on day 30, 60 and 90. The proportion of C15:0 decreased with increasing level of CPOB on day 30 and 60. Serum C18:1n-9 increased with increasing level of CPOB in diet on day 60. The proportion of C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of C18:2n-6 decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in the level of CPOB on day 60 and 90. Dietary CPOB did not affect serum total carotenoid and ${\delta}$-tocopherol but did increase (P < 0.05) ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol. Conclusion: Dietary canola oil and palm oil blend could be supplemented in diets without instigating oxidative stress in goats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.234-244
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare the rates of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, high blood glucose, and liver dysfunction, between 64 obese children (24 boys and 11 girls who were moderately obese, and 21 boys and 8 girls who were severely obese) and 45 normal weight children (31 boys and 14 girls) from 13 elementary schools in Kangnung city. Among the boys with severe obesity, the levels of serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol (133.60 $\pm$ 49.99 mg/dl and 105.00 $\pm$ 41.12 mg/dl( respectively) were significantly higher compared to the normal Weight group (81.16 $\pm$ 23.59 mg/dl and 87.74 $\pm$ 32.095 mg/dl, respectively) of moderately obese group (102.30 $\pm$ 36.03 mg/dl, 89.99 $\pm$ 32.10 mg/이, respectively). In girls, only serum triglycerides were significantly higher in the severely obese group (154.30 $\pm$ 46.84 mg/dl), compared with the normal weight group (80.00 $\pm$ 25.31 mg/dl) or moderately obese group (106.40 $\pm$ 41.73 mg/dl). In boys, blood pressure in the severely obese group (systolic: 120.5 $\pm$ 9.74 mmHg; diastolic: 80.95 $\pm$ 10.44 mmHg) was significantly higher compared with the groups of normal weight or moderately obese children. The rate of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly different among normal weight, moderately obese, and severely obese boys (9.7%, 41.7%, and 76.2%, respectively). The proportion of boys who had an Atherogenic Index(AI) higher than 3 was found to be significantly higher in the severely obese group (28.6%), compared to 6.5% in the normal weight group and 4.1% in the moderately obese group. Among boys, a significantly higher rate of hypertension was found in the severely obese group, which showed high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic pressure (81.0% and 81.0%), compared with the normal weight group (16.1% and 22.6%) and moderately obese group (33.3% and 33.3%). In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of obese children needs to be tailored to gender and the degree of obesity. Furthermore, a systematic management program needs to be developed for early screening and detection of obesity in order to minimize the risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, especially in severely obese children.