• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.952-961
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• 2024

Objective: Stocking density (SD) is an important issue in the poultry industry, which is related to the production performance, intestinal health and immune status. In the present study, the effects of SD on the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid as well as the related functions of the liver and kidney in ducks were examined. Methods: A total of 360 healthy 56-day-old Shan-ma ducks were randomly divided into the low stocking density (n = 60, density = 5 birds/m²), medium stocking density (n = 120, density = 10 birds/m²) and high stocking density groups (HSD; n = 180, density = 15 birds/m²). Samples were collected in the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks of the experiment for analysis. Results: The serum levels of uric acid, lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were increased significantly in the HSD group. Serious histopathological lesions could be seen in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group in the 9th week. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and related pathway components (toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, and nuclear factor-κB) were increased significantly in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group. The mRNA expression levels of enzymes (adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1) related to the synthesis of uric acid increased significantly in the livers in the HSD group. However, the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 2 member 9, which plays an important role in the excretion of uric acid by the kidney, was decreased significantly in the kidneys in the HSD group. Conclusion: These results indicated that a higher SD could cause tissue inflammatory lesions in the liver and kidney and subsequently affect the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid, and is helpful for guiding decisions related to the breeding and production of ducks.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the effects of SUNGSIMJIHWANGTANG(SSJHT) on the blood and brain tissues of aged rats. For the experiment, the aged rats were divided into three groups : Non treated group(NC), distilled water fed group(PC), SSJHT fed group(SSJHT). Each group was fed for ten days before administration of scopolamine. Then, we injected scopolamine intraperitoneally to PC and SSJHT group for 5 days. We observed the changes of their blood cell(WBC, RBC, platelet), blood serum(BUN, creatinine, glucose, uric acid), erythrocyte hemolysis, and the activities of cholinesterase and measured the amounts of malondialdehyde in the serum, catalase, and SOD in the brain tissue. The main results of this investigation are as follows. 1. In respect of the number of WBC, SSJHT group exhibited significant increase in comparison with PC. 2. In respect of the amount of creatinine and uric acid in the blood serum, SSJHT group exhibited significant decrease in comparison with PC. 3. In respect of erythrocyte hemolysis, SSJHT group exhibited significant suppression in comparison with PC. 4. In respect of the activity of cholinesterase in the serum, SSJHT group exhibited significant activation in comparison with PC. 5. In respect of the amounts of malondialdehyde in the serum, SSJHT group exhibited significant decrease in comparison with PC. 6. In respect of the activity of catalase in brain tissue, SSJHT group didn't exhibit significant change in comparison with PC. 7. In respect of the activity of SOD in brain tissue, SSJHT group exhibited significant activation in comparison with PC. As a result of this study, SSJHT is expected to have antiaging effect by suppressing the formation of free radicals, the accumulation of antioxidants and further study needs to be carried on about SSJHT.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.345-359
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• 1993

This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the blood pressure in school children. The study subjects were 144 boys and 140 girls aged 10 years old, 4th grade student of one elementary school in Taegu City. Blood pressure and 18 variables for 284 school children were measured in May 1992. A weight-for-height index, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index(weight/$height^3$) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Body fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were measured by impedance fat meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, uric acid, total protein, and electrolyte were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Hitachi 4020). Low-density lipoprotein and atherogenic index were calculated by the equation. The variables assessed were sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, body fat percent, body fat weight, lean body mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, total protein, serum electrolyte and blood glucose. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for boys were 104.1mmHg and 66.6mmHg and those for girls were 102.9mmHg and 67.5mmHg. Systolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with height, weight, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. Systolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, lean body mass, and uric acid. Diastolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with weight. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, and lean body mass. Diastolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, fat weight, and lean body mass and negatively with total serum protein. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index and serum sodium in boys, and serum uric acid, fat percent, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in girls. In multiple regression analysis of the diastolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in boys and total serum protein in girls. This study indicated that important factors influencing blood pressure in school children were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat percent, serum sodium, uric acid, and total protein. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index was most important among these. It is recommended to enforce the nutritional education for diet control of obesity to prevent hypertention in children and to adopt healthy life-styles that promote good health and prevent development of cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the Effects of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma(SGR) on the gout. After pretreatment of SGR(50, 500mg/kg) for 5days, the Effects of SGR was evaluated on changes Joint value increase ratio, Serum albumin, Serum globulin, glutamate dxalacetate transminase(AST), glutanate pyruvate transminase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), Serum creatitine, Serum uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity, WBC, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), platelet. The results were obtained as follows ; Joint valueincrease ratio was decreased in 50mg/kg, 500mg/kg SGR taken group, but changes were not significantly different with the control group. AST, ALT were not significantly different in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. Serum BUN, creatinine were significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. ESR was significantly decreased in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. WBC, platelet were significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. Serum uric acid was not significantly different in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. Xanthine oxidase activity was significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. From above results, it may be concluded that SGR can be used for treatment and prevention of gout.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.186-193
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of hematology and serum chemistry values on Sprague-Dawley rats, while used krill (Euphausia superba) meal diet for 5 weeks. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6) and fed experimental diets containing three different krill meal contents and control group; 10.0% krill meal (G10), 20.0% krill meal (G20), 30.0% krill meal (G30), and control group (GC). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum were significantly lower in the G10, G20, G30 than GC group (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences, at the confidence level of 95%, for the creatinine, uric acid, electrolyte (T-Ca) parameters in the sera were observed in G20 group, G30 group. The concentration of electrolyte (Pi) in serum was no significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). The results indicate that a krill meal diet was effectively reduce the NEFA.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2002

Natto, one of Japanese traditional food is made from steamed whole soybeans fermented with Bacillus natto. In this study, the effects of Natto mucilage- feeding on griwth, organ weight and serum nitrogen compounds of rats were investigated. Male rats in Sprague-Dawley strain were fed on basal diets supplemented with aqueous Natto mucilage of several percentages for 10 weeks. Natto mucilage had no significant effects on the body and organ weights. The levels of GOT, GPT, LDH. and total bilirubin in serum of rats fed Natto mucilage diets were significantly lower than those in the control group ' The levels of total protein and albumin were higher than those in the control group. The level of calcium in serum indicates a growing tendency. but creatinine, uric acid, and BUN had declining. And the most component of free am1no acids in Natto mucilage were glutamin acid.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dietary zinc and phytic acid levels on protein metabolism in rats, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strains weighing approximately $60\~74g$ were fed different diets which contained 0, 0.35 and $1.05\%$ phytic acid each at 3 levels of zinc(0, 30 and 1,500 ppm zinc) for 28 days. Result obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows; 1. Body weight gait food consumption food efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were lower in the rats fed zinc deficient diet(0 ppm zinc) than in those consuming 30 or 1,500 ppm dietary zinc, and the additional effect of phytic acid were not observed in all of then 2. Liver weight was lower in the rats fed 30 ppm zinc diet than in those fed 0 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet but kidney and spleen weights were lower in the rats fed zinc deficient diet than in those fed 30 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet Among organs measured only the liver appeared to be influenced by dietary phytic acid: the more the dietary phytic acid, the more the weight of liver, 3. Fecal nitrogen was decreased in the rats fed zinc deficient diet compared with those fed 30 or 1,500 ppm dietary zinc. Urinary nitrogen was increased in the rats fed $1.05\%$ dietary phytic acid compared with those fed 0.35 or $0\%$ dietary phytic acid Nitrogen retention of rat was influenced by neither dietary zinc nor phytic acid. 4. Urea nitrogen was decreased with increasing dietary zinc levels, and creatinine and uric acid levels were increased with increasing dietary zinc concentration or with additional quantity of phytic acid. Uric acid appeared to be influenced by zinc x phytic acid interaction; especially, the presence of phytic acid in the 30 ppm-zinc diet had significant effect on uric acid content. 5. Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit ratio were higher in the rats fed 30 ppm dietary zinc than in those fed 0 or 1,500 ppm-zinc diet Serum zinc concentration was increased with increasing dietary zinc levels. The content of total protein albumin and BUN and the ratio of albumin to globulin in serum, and protein content in liver were influenced by neither dietary zinc nor phytic acid.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.259-263
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk of gout in healthy workers. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1,876 subjects (1,515 men and 361 women) enrolled in the Healthy Worker Cohort Study at Daegu, South Korea. Relationships between serum uric acid levels and independent risk factors were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for covariates. Results: Among study participants, the prevalence of gout was 22.9% in men and 2.5% in women (based on a serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dL for men and >6.0 mg/dL for women). Among men, increased ALT, GGT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were associated with increased risk of gout (p<0.05) by multiple linear regression analysis; however, increased age and HDL-cholesterol/triglyceride ratio were associated with decreased risk of gout (p<0.05). In women, increased triglycerides were associated with increased risk of gout (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increased triglycerides were significantly associated with the risk of gout in men and women. Moreover, a high HDL-cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in men may reduce the risk of gout.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2020

Clerodendrum trichotomum is a folk medicine exhibiting anti-hypertension, anti-arthritis, and anti-rheumatism properties. However, little is known about whether the material might prevent hyperuricemia and associated inflammation. In this study, we explored whether C. trichotomum leaf extract (CTE) prevented hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate (PO) in mice. CTE (400 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels and increased urine UA and creatinine levels. CTE ameliorated PO-induced inflammation and apoptosis by reducing the levels of relevant proteins in kidney tissues. Also, CTE ameliorated both UA-induced inflammatory response in RAW 263.7 cells and UA-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. In addition, liver transcriptome analysis showed that CTE enriched mainly the genes for mediating positive regulation of MAPK cascade and apoptotic signaling pathways. Together, the results show that CTE effectively prevents hyperuricemia and associated inflammation in PO-induced mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2000

Flavin mononucleotide (1,4-butanediamine) Pt(II) complex (7FMN) was synthesized and screened anticancer activity [J. Pharm. Soc. Korea 43(6),762-770 (1999)]. 7FMN have good water solubility and moderate anticancer activiy In this paper cell-cycle specificity and nephrotoxicity were studied. Interaction of DNA with cisplatin and synthesized 7FMN was analyzed by flow cytometry and showed G2 arrest in L1210 cell line. It means that cell-cycle on L1210 was inhibit in S phase by cisplatin and 7FMN. In order to biochemically analyze nephrotoxicity of cisplatin and 7FMN, after injecting each agent intraperitoneally, blood was exsanguinated after 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days, respectively. Then, serum was separated from the blood. The serum level of BUN, creatinine and uric acid in cisplatin and 7FMN administated mice (25~35 g, ICR strain, a dose each 8,12 and 16 times of the $IC_{50}$/ value, cisplatin; 7 times) were determined by autochemistry analyzer. In cisplatinadministered mice group, BUN level was elevated than normal control group at 3rd day and repaired at 7th day. In 7FMN administrated group was not elevated. Creatinine and uric acid level were no difference with the normal control group. Therefore synthesized 7FMN is less toxic than cisplatin in nephrotoxiciaty.