• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.96-103
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• 2008

Objectives : Tongqiao-tang(TQT) has been commonly used for the treatment of common cold, rhinitis etc. Nowadays, TQT becomes one of the most frequently used medicines for allergic rhinitis, but the mechanism of TQT in vivo isn't investigated yet. This study was performed to investigate the effect of TQT on OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model by calculating serum cytokines and IgE. Methods : 8 weeks aged male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the normal group, the control group and the medicated group (the TQT group). Each group was consisted of 15 mice. The TQT group was administered TQT extract orally one time a day (1g/kg) from the $1^{st}$ day of experiment till the $26^{th}$ day. The control group and the normal group were administered normal saline by the same method of the TQT group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in the control group and the TQT group, mice of each group were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) solution at the $1^{st}$, the $7^{th}$ and the $14^{th}$ day. After then, intranasal sensitization was performed by dropping 0.1% OVA solution in nasal cavity at the $22^{th}$, the $24^{th}$ and the $26^{th}$ day. At the $27^{th}$ day, the mice were killed and the changes of interferon-${\gamma}$, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were checked. Results : IFN-${\gamma}$ was increased 36% more in the TQT group than that in the control group. IL-4, IL-5, the total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were decreased in the TQT group as compared with the control group and these results were statistically significant. Conclusions : Considering the above experimental results, this study showed that TQT could reduce the allergic reaction in allergic rhinitis. Advanced studies are required to investigate the further mechanisms of TQT.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Purpose : The objective of present study is to detect the effect of Sopungsan aqueous extracts (SPS) on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA; type I allergic dermatitis) Method : 500, 250 and 125mg/kg of SPS were orally administered 12 hr-interval before antigen challenge (total 4 times administered). PCA reactions were induced using rat anti-ovalbumin (OVA) serum contain IgE (titer 1:32) as sensitization and OVA as antigen challenge. 30 min after antigen challenge, the diameter of blue-dye spots (evans blue) and leaked amount of dye were observed with histology and histomorphometry at the PCA induced sites. In addition, serum total IgE and histamine levels were also observed by ELISA, respectively. The effects of SPS were compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg treated rats in the present study. Results : As results of PCA reaction, vasodilation related increase of diameter of blue-dye spot and amount of leaked dye were observed with swelling and edematous changes in the dermis of PCA induced sites. However, these changes on PCA reactions were dramatically and dose-dependently decreased by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control. In addition, serum elevations of IgE and histamine were also dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control respectively. The effects of SPS 500mg/kg were similar to that of dexamethasone 1mg/kg in the present study. Conclusion : Base on the results of the present study, it is concluded that SPS has favorable effect on the PCA-induced allergic dermatitis, and SPS 500mg/kg showed similar favorable effects as compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg. The present findings demonstrate that SPS can be effective for the prevention and treatment of allergic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.156-169
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• 2002

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to prove the effect of Ikryung-Tang (yiling-tang; IRT) and Ikryung-tangkamibang (yiling-tangjiaweifang; IRT I, IRT II) on rats with nephrosis induced by a single intravenous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Methods : The effects of IRT, IRT I and IRT II on PAN nephrosis were evaluated by measuring the gene expression of IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the concentrations of IgE, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and BUN in the serum and the volume & amount of protein of the 24hrs' urine. Results : In the gene expression linked T cell specialization, IRT II inhibited IL-4 and IgE but IRT and IRT I showed no significant difference compared with control group. On the other hand, IRT, IRT I and IRT II increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ compared with the control group. In the urine protein, serum albumin, total protein, BUN, and creatinine, IRT I especially showed more. significant effect than other groups. In the serum cholesterol and triglyceride, IRT II especially showed more significant effect than other groups. In the urine volume during 24 hrs, IRT especially showed more significant effect than other groups. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that IRT is effective for the treatment of edema, IRT I is effective for the treatment of hypoproteinemia and kidney dysfunction, IRT II is effective for immune modulation and the treatment of cholesteremia. Therefore IRT, IRT I and IRT II seem to be available for treating nephrosis in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Purpose. Natural herb has been used for traditional medicine for thousands of years. For this reason, alternative medicine methods affect to domestic animal field. The main purpose of this study was to confirm the regulated proteins after feed additive treatment. Methods. We used total thirty male pigs were used for this experiment. E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, were used for promote enteritis. Animals were divided into a negative control group, positive control group and test group to determine the effect of an additive mixture on the changes in protein expression in serum. The pigs were given a food supplemented with a natural herbal additive containing immunoglobulin yolksac (IgY) at concentrations 1%. On the 1st week and after eight weeks of feeding, the serums were collected from each group. The changes in the serum proteome as a response to the herbal additive were examined using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results. A total of 14 differentially expressed protein spots were identified by comparing the protein profiles of the control and additive treated porcine serums. Finally, 7 proteins were detected by MALDI-TOF/MS. Moreover, the proteins detected are involved in a cholesterol control factor, inflammation regulator, Conclusion. These results support of the hypothesis that a natural herbal additive containing IgY can affect the immune regulation system and reduce the pathological process by microbial infections.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

Hepatitis A (HA) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). In acute HA, the presence of anti-HAV IgM is detectable and about 3 weeks after exposure, its titre increases over 4 to 6 weeks. Anti-HAV IgG is detectable within a few days of the onset of symptoms. IgG antibodies continue to last for years after infection and provide lifelong immunity to the host. This study was performed to investigate the current seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in Jeonbuk province, South Korea. A total of 591 (male 322, female 269) serum samples were collected in July 2011 to June 2012. We tested the antibodies of anti-HAV IgG and IgM using a Modular E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), and analysed the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by HITACH 7600-100 (HITACH, Japan). The overall seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 84.6% (500/591), and the rate of females (85.9%) was higher than males (83.5%). According to the decade of age, seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG were as follows; 68.8% (11/16) in the under 10 years old category, 100% (19/19) in the 10~19 category, 96% (48/50) in the 20~29 category, 83.6% (56/67) in the 30~39 category, 84.3% (123/146) in the 40~49 category, 83.3% (135/162) in the 50~59 category, 83.1% (54/65) in the 60~69 category, 78.1% (32/41) in the 70~79 category, and 88% (22/25) in the over 80 category. Total seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgM was 3.4% (20/591), and according to gender, the seroprevalence of male (3.1%) was very similar to that of female (3.7%). Through this study, we know that the seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibody in north-west Jeonbuk province, South Korea, was high. Only children under the age of 10 remain susceptible to HAV infection. Vaccination against HAV is not needed at the present time for the people of Jeonbuk province, South Korea, but a vaccination should be recommended and the improvement in sanitary conditions and personal hygiene should be highlighted.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-54
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed to investigated effects of Pinelliae Rizoma (PR) on asthma Methods : Detecting antigen specific antibody isotypes, cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, the present author also investigated changes in weight of spleen and proliferation rates of splenocytes. Finally, histopathological observation of the lung tissue was also investigated. Results : Oral administration of PR lowered OVA specific IgE levels in serum, IgG1 levels in serum and BALF. PR also decreased production levels of IL-4 in BALF. In addition, total cells in BALF were decreased by oral administration of PR effectively. In histapathological observation, PR group showed downward tendency of inflammatory cell infiltration around small vessels. Conclusion : PR is useful to treat patients with asthma and the mechanisms are related in suppression of Th2 skewing reactions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome worldwide and has been defined as granular subepithelial deposition of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). MN has few known treatments and gives rise to side effects under treatment with steroids and immunosuppressives. Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to demonstrate the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) treatment on MN mouse model induced by cBSA. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups by injecting cBSA into the abdominal cavity. The control group was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) only. The second group, 'SRE-250', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The third group, 'SRE-500', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (500 mg/kg, p.o.). After cBSA and SRE treatment for 4 weeks, gain in body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN and creatinine of all groups were measured. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-1$\beta$, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, IgA, IgM and IgG levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining and electron microscopy of the kidney were observed. Results: SRE showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum triglyceride, BUN, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels compared with the control group. SRE showed increase in the serum IL-10 and IFN-$\gamma$ levels compared with control on RT-PCR. SRE considerably decreased in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of the kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that SRE decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in mouse model. Therefore, SRE seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of nursing home residents and to assess the effect of nutrition intervention. The subjects were 123 people aged over 60 years from 5 different nursing homes. The nutrition intervention study was carried out by supplementing their diet with multivitamin-minerals for 2 months. The mean intakes of most nutrients did not meet the RDA, Though the nutrient content of the menus provided by the facilities were satisfactory. Nutrients of which intakes fell below 75% of the RDA were protein, Ca, Fe, vitamin A vitamin B$_1$, and vitamin B$_2$. The BMIs of male and female subjects were 22.0kg/$m^2$ and 24.6kg/$m^2$ and the WHRs were 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The percentage of subjects with hypertention (BP$\geq$140/90mmHg) and with anemia(Hb$\leq$13mg/100$m\ell$ in men, Hb$\leq$12mg/100$m\ell$ in women) were 34.6% and 41.9%, respectively. The serum cncentrations of albumin, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total lipid fell within normal ranges. However, 27.5% of the subjects showed a high serum cholesterol level of over 250mg/100$m\ell$. The concentration of C3 was 81.2mg/100$m\ell$, IgG, 1343mg/100$m\ell$, and IL-2, 0.766mg/$m\ell$. after 2 months of vitamin-mineral supplementation, the levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol were significantly decreased and triglyceride was significantly increased. The vitamin-mineral supplementation had no effect on the mean levels of vitamin A and E, IgG, IL2, and C3. However, the intervention resulted int he improvement of serum vitamin A and E levels when the subject\`s serum levels were low before the supplementation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2017

A rise in the occurrence of allergic diseases is attributed to the dysregulated balance of type 1/type 2 immunity, where type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells predominate over type 1 T-helper (Th1) cells, leading to an abnormally increased production of IgE in response to unharmful antigens. Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, is a rich source of beneficial lactic acid bacteria. In this study, we investigated the ability of Enterococcus faecium FC-K derived from kimchi to induce type I immunity in the presence of Th2 polarizing conditions in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with E. faecium FC-K induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. Under the in vitro Th2 conditions in which splenic T cells were activated in the presence of IL-4, E. faecium FC-K enhanced the ability of T cells to produce interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$. Using the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy model, male BALB/c mice receiving E. faecium FC-K reduced the serum level of total IgE, but not that of OVA-specific IgE. Furthermore, the population of activated splenic B cells during OVA immunization was decreased in E. faecium FC-K-treated mice, accounting for a reduction of total IgE in the serum. Restimulating splenocytes from OVA-immunized mice with OVA ex vivo resulted in an increased production of $IFN-{\gamma}$, with no effect on IL-4, in E. faecium FC-K-treated mice. These observations provide the evidence that E. faecium FC-K can be a beneficial probiotic strain that can modulate the Th2-mediated pathologic response.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Objectives : Gagam-Gongjin-dan (GGD) composited with Cervi parvum Cornu, Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Gastrodiae Rihzoma, Agastachis Herba, Cassiae cortkex, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus has been traditionally used for chronic diseases or weakness after illness in oriental countries. However, little is known about the effects of methanol extract of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin plus alum in Balb/c mice. Methods : In this study, the extract of GGD was prepared by extracting with methanol for 7 days. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. Mice were orally administrated with or without GGD extract of different doses (50-200 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. We examined the effects of GGD extract on the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and CTACK/CCL27 production and CCR10 expression in lymph node cells and body weight change and foot pad swelling responses in ovalbumin treated Balb/c. Results : The oral administration of GGD dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE, IgG1 and IgG2b) and CTACK/CCL27 production in ovalbumin treated BALB/c mice. The levels of CCR10 expression from lymph node cells of OVA treated mice were markedly suppressed by treatment with GGD in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, foot pad swelling responses were also markedly suppressed by GGD. However, body weight were significantly increased dose dependently by GGD treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that GGD treatment suppresses immune responses to ovalbumin, and these properties may contribute to allergic disease care.