• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2000

To determine a suitable condition for in vitro infection model of cryptosporidium parvum, four different cell lines, AGS, MDCK, HCT-8 and Caco-2, were used as host cell lines which were cultured at various concentrations of added supplements. These supplement include fetal bovine serum (FBS), sodium choleate, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, para-aminobenzoic acid and pyruvate and their effects on the cell lines which were infected with C. parvum were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the AGS cell line was most susceptible to C. parvum whereas the Caco-2 cells appeared to be least susceptible to C. parvum. In regards to the serum condition, 10% FBS was suitable for the growth of AGS and HCT-8 cells, and 1% FBS was good for the growth of the MDCK cells when they were inoculated with C. parvum. Vitamines had a positive effect on the AGS cells, and pyruvate also showed positive effects on all of the cell lines except for Caco-2. Modified medium for each cell line was prepared by adding appropriate amounts of each supplement which resulted in the highest parasite infection number. Modified media increased the number of parasites infected on AGS cells to 2.3-fold higher when compared to the control media. In this study, we found that the AGS cell line was a suitable host model for evaluating C. parvum in vitro study and the media contents for the optimal infection conditions were suggested.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 1996

The ultimate aim of this study is to find high-fiber sources among Korean common foods and to develop a high-fiber supplement which can be useful in the therapeutic diet for the diabetic patients. For this purpose the effect of four kinds of seaweeds(mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce : MPS, sea tanle : ST, sea mustard : SM, agar agar : AA) on the glucose and lipid mtabolism were examined. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of four seaweeds for six weeks. The effects of seaweeds were campared with the effects of fiber-free diet or pectin diet. ST, SM, and AA showed a tendency of improving glucose tolerance improvement by those seaweeds, however, was less than that by pectin. MPS was found to possess a serum cholesterol-lowering effect which is comparable to that of pectin. All the supplementations of seaweeds induced significant increase in fecal steroids excretion. The amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion follwing in feeding of MPS and SM were as high as the level cause by pectin. The excretion of bile acids in the MPS group was much higher than that in the pectin group. Based on its effects of alleviating the diabetic symptoms in the previous study and of improving the glucose tolerance, sea mustard seems to have a benefical effect on glucose metabolism. The serum cholesterol-lowering effect of MPS possibly due to the significant increase in fecal steroids excretion suggests that MPS may be effective in improving abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, sea tangle and mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce seem to be promising as an effective source of high-fiber supplement for the diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3843-3849
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on blastocoel formation, total cell number, apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression of porcine diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. The addition of 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 2-cell stage parthenotes to the blastocysts stage (p<0.01). Treatment of FBS reduced cell numbers of blastocysts (p<0.01) and increased the percentage of apoptosis in blastocysts (p<0.001). However, BSA increased cell numbers, only in the presence of EGF reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that EGF enhanced the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL in the presence of 0.4% BSA but BSA and EGF alone had no effect. However, Treatment of FBS reduced Bcl-xL mRNA expression (p<0.05) and enhanced Bak expression. This result suggests that apoptosis related gene expression is significantly affected by supplements, which may result in alteration of apoptosis and embryo viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicory fructan fiber supplementation on bone mineral density, apparent absorption of minerals and serum parameters related to bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Twenty-six healthy Korean postmenopausal women participated in the study. 1be participants were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blind parallel design and took one of the supplements for 3 months; either a placebo of 8g maltodextrins/sucrose mixture (control group) or 8g chicory fructan fiber (fructan group). During the 3-month experimental period no differences were found in bone mineral density (BMD) between the two groups. Apparent calcium absorption significantly increased by 42% in the fructan group, while that of the control group decreased by 29% as compared to the values at baseline. Urinary calcium excretion was not significantly different between the group;;. After 3 months, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in the fructan group than in the control group and deoxypyridinolin showed a trend toward a slight reduction. In conclusion, intake of chicory fructan fiber with a regular increases apparent calcium absorption in postmenopausal women.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2004

To investigate the effects of dietary phytate reduction and zinc supplementation on biochemical iron parameters in elderly Korean women consuming inadequate iron, fifteen healthy women aged 64-75 years were recruited for a feeding study. A high-phytate diet (27.8 phytate:zinc molar ratio) was provided for 9 days, followed by a nine-day low-phytate diet(12.3) and a subsequent 28-day period of unregulated meals with zinc supplementation (22 mg/d as zinc gluconate). Serum iron increased significantly with the low-phytate diet (130.4 $\mu g$/L) but returned to the level observed during the high-phytate diet (113.0 $\mu g$ /L) period when subjects were taking zinc supplements (105.8 $\mu g$ /L). However, serum ferritin in the subjects decreased significantly with the low-phytate diet (73.8 $\mu g$ /L) as well as with zinc supplementation (57.2 $\mu g$ /L), compared to levels following consumption of the high-phytate diet (89.6 $\mu g$ /L). Transferrin receptor and transferrin saturation were unchanged with the treatments. In summary, zinc supplementation might result in deteriorated iron status in elderly Korean women who consume inadequate iron, while there was no significant effect from reducing dietary phytate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 1993

These studies were carried out to investigate the optimal freezing protocol for 2 cell mouse embryos and to find the probability of quality control with 2-cell embryos frozen. The embryos showed the best survival by the protocol composed of a freezing solution with the cryoprotectants(1.5M propanediol + 0.1M sucrose), and a 2-steop thawing method(room temperature, 20 sec-37$^{\circ}C$, 20 sec). The developmental ability of frozen-thaw 2-cell embryos did not differ from that of fresh 2-cell embryos in m-KRB medium with 0.4% bovine serum albumin. But development of frozen-thaw embryos was depended on the supplements of the medium. In the albumin-free medium, the developmental rate(rate of blastocysts) was significantly reduced, compared with that in the medium with 0.4% BSA. Also, when frozen-thaw embryos were cultured in the meduim with human fetal cord serum(HCS), the developmental rate of frozen-thaw embryos was sligtly reduced, compared with that of fresh 2-cell embryos. Finally, frozen-thaw 2-cell mouse embryos were more sensitive to the toxic agent of disposable-plastic syringe. Therefore, toxicity of medium could be effectively detected by frozen-thaw 2-cell mouse embryos.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

Effects of Sardine Oil Feeding and Vitamin E Supplementation on Histopathological Changes and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80~90 g were fed the diet containing either 15% corn oil (CO) or sardine oil (SO) with or without vitamin E supplements (dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol acetate 800 IU/kg diet) for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the rats were given a single intraperitoneal injectin of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg BW). From the fifth week, rats were given 0.02% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in diet for 4 weeks. At the seventh week, 0.05% phenobarbital in liver and hepatic glutathione S-transferase palcental form positive (GST-P+) foci were examined by Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity was determined. The livers fromt he carcinogen treated rats showed significantly increased formation of GST-P+ foci at sacrifice points while the livers fromthe non-carcinogen treated groups showed almost no foci. Although GST-P+ foci formation was not affected by dietary oil, it was increased unexpectedly by vitamin E supplementation. Histopathological changes were similar to patterns of GST-P+ foci formation in almost all groups. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were increased by carcinogen treatment in all dietary groups. $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were positively correlated with GST-P+ foci formation. There results suggest that excessive vitamin E supplementation can enhance hepatocarcinogenesis although the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2016

Due to undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to silver on certain biochemical and some oxidative stress parameters with histopathological examination of brain, as well as the possible protective role of selenium and/or vitamin E as nutritional supplements. Thirty six male rats were divided into six groups of six each: the first group used as a control group. Group II given both vitamin E (400 mg/kg) of diet and selenium (Se) (1 mg/L) in their drinking water. Group III given silver as silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) (20 mg/L). Group IV given vitamin E and $AgNO_3$. Group V given both $AgNO_3$ and selenium. Group VI given $AgNO_3$, vitamin E and Se. The animals were in the same exposure conditions for 3 months. According to the results which have been obtained; there was an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase activities and cholesterol level, a decrease in serum total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Ag-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the findings showed that $Ag^+$ ions affected antioxidant defense system by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increasing vitamin E concentration with a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue. The histological examination also exhibited some nervous tissue alterations including hemorrhage and cytoplasm vacuolization. However, the co-administration of selenium and/or vitamin E ameliorated the biochemical parameters and restored the histological alterations. In conclusion, this study indicated that silver could cause harmful effects in animal body and these effects can be more toxic in high concentrations or prolonged time exposure to this metal. However, selenium and vitamin E act as powerful antioxidants which may exercise adverse effect against the toxicity of this metal.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.148-155
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acorn powder and starch on the blood parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of acorns were $37.99{\pm}0.37%$, $1.61{\pm}0.06%$, $4.36{\pm}0.18%$ and $3.22{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. Acorn powder and starch contains antioxidant minerals such as selenium and zinc. The iron content was significantly higher in acorn powder than in acorn starch (p<0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was $148.50{\pm}29.72mg/dL$ in the high-fat starch diet (HFS) group, while in the high-fat diet (HF) group it was $201.50{\pm}39.15mg/dL$ (p<0.05). Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HFS group ($50.50{\pm}10.79mg/dL$) than in the HF group ($62.00{\pm}20.85mg/dL$; p<0.05). The serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels in mice were not significantly different between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the HFP group than other groups. There is a need for strong recognition that acorns are good ingredients worldwide. It is required to develop various products using acorn powder and starch powder. There is also a need for a strategy to globalize food using acorns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1278-1287
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• 2002

To record the prevalence of macro-minerals deficiency in buffaloes, a survey was conducted in certain parts of Northern India. The prevalence of soil Ca, P, Mg, Na, P and K deficiency was 21.35%, 23.30%, 28.64%, 3.61% and 6.84%, respectively while that of fodder Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency was 13.88%, 16.55%, 19.72%, 3.54% and 4.86%, respectively. The overall prevalence of serum (buffalo) Ca, P, Mg, Na and K deficiency in certain parts of northern India was 25.48%, 24.66%, 24.36%, 4.42% and 3.28%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K in soil, fodder and serum was significant and in most of the cases the values were above 0.6. The highest deficiency of macro-minerals i.e. Ca, P, Mg, Na and K was found in plain regions, followed by Tarai (foot hill of Himalayas) region and finally the hilly region. For therapeutic studies, three types of mineral mixture were prepared according to deficiency obtained and fed to three groups of deficient animals. Observations were recorded on 0, 30, 60 and 75 day. In group A animals normal mineral mixture was provided, where as in group C and D 10% and 25% more of Ca, P, Mg were provided, respectively. There was an increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration, and total erythrocyte count. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase in group D animals. There was a decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and alkaline phosphatase in group D animal after mineral supplement. Thus showing the efficacy when supplements 3 provided to group D animals.