• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1994

An experiment was conducted to establish a large scale production method of anti-serum against chicken IgM and to profile the developmental changes of serum IgM levels during the feeding period(from hatching to 7 weeks of age) in broiler chicks. Blood samples were taken from Hubbard chicken at the age of hatching, three days of age, and weekly thereafter till to 7 weeks of age. The pure IgM was isolated from ammonium sulfate treated chicken serum by both sephadex G-200 and sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The breaking-through peak containing IgM appeared from the fraction 26 to 28. These fractions consisted mainly of IgM when tested by anti-chicken IgM(Nordic, Netherlands). Immunized with the heavy chain of this purified IgM, the rabbit immune sera(anti-chicken IgM) were formed a reaction only with the purified chicken IgM. The quantitative assay of serum IgM were carried by RID method. The optimal time for diffusion was 14 hours and the coefficient of determination($R^{2}$) for regression equation of standard curve was 0.992. It was observed that IgM concentrations were the highest at hatching(3.23 mg /mL), after that decreased gradually. From 2 to 5 weeks of age the levels unchanged(2.0 ~ 2.3mg /mL), and gradually decreased to 7 weeks of age(1.3 mg /mL).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 1984

The study was carried out to find out the changes of hormone levels in blood serum and milk of Holstein cows during the estrous cycle. The progesterone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ from the blood serum and milk samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The progesterone levels in blood serum during the estrous cycles began to decline rapidly at 2 days before estrus, decreased to $0.27{\pm}0.18ng/ml$ at on the day of estrus, and reached a peak mean level of $3.33{\pm}0.47ng/ml$ at 15 days after estrus. 2. The progesterone levels in milk during the estrous cycles began to decline rapidly at 2 days before estrus, decreased to $0.80{\pm}0.18ng/ml$ on the day of estrus, and increased a peak mean level of $3.80{\pm}0.36ng/ml$ at 15 days after estrus. 3. The estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in blood serum during the estrous cycles showed a peak mean level of $9.79{\pm}1.72pg/ml$ on the day of estrus, and decreased from $4.79{\pm}1.82pg/ml$ to $5.73{\pm}0.96pg/ml$ at luteal phase. 4. The estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in milk during the estrous cycles showed a peak mean level of $36.80{\pm}2.04pg/ml$ on the day of estrus, and decreased from $18.93{\pm}0.84pg/ml$ to $19.50{\pm}1.12pg/ml$ at luteal phase. 5. During 20 to 25 days after artificial insemination, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from the blood serum progesterone levels were 87.5% for non pregnant cows (<2.0ng/ml), and 83.3% for pregnant cows ($${\geq_-}$$3.0 ng/ml). The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from the milk progesterone levels were 75.0% for non-pregnant cows (<2.4 ng/ml), and 94.4% for pregnant cows ($${\geq_-}$$3.2 ng/ml).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.476-484
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, nutrient intakes and serum profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women living in Gyeonggi-do Province, Republic of Korea. The subjects were 49 premenopausal women and 63 postmenopausal women who are not taking any hormone or cardiovascular drugs. Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner and the data for dietary intakes were obtained by a 24-hour recall method. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for the total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein fractions. The mean age of the premenopausal women was $45.17{\pm}3.28$ years and that of the postmenopausal women was 2$62.5{\pm}4.14$ years. The height and weight were $157.86{\pm}$4.35 cm, $58.75{\pm}6.01$ kg in premenopausal women and $156.42{\pm}3.62$ cm, $57.63{\pm}5.38$ kg in postmenopausal women, respectively. WHR (waist hip ratio) in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women (p<0.05). There were no differences between the pre-and postmenopausal women in the intakes of energy, protein, fat, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E. However carbohydrate and Na intakes in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, Ca intake was below and Na intake was extremely high considering KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). Serum triglyceride in postmenopausal women was positively correlated with age, BMI (body mass index) and WHR. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in postmenopausal women showed significantly negative correlations with fiber intake. These results suggest that it is necessary to help postmenopausal women maintain a healthy body weight. Postmenopausal women needs to increase Ca (calcium) intakes and diet quality by decreasing the intakes of Na (sodium). In addition, an adequate intakes of fiber is recommended for postmenopausal women to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.539-545
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• 1993

This study was carried out the determine the progesterone concentration for serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in bovine adult at estrous, pregnant, after patuation and male, female calves of 1 month old, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The assay has a sesitivity of $0.1ng/m{\ell}$. 2. Intra and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 4.5%, 6.1~9.4% when used for the determination of progesterone in samples of bovine serum. 3. The percentages of recovery for progesterone added were between 88.0 to 88.9%. 4. Progesterone concentration of adult bovine serum at estrus, pregnant and after 1 day of parturition were $0.37{\pm}0.16$, $7.1{\pm}1.0$, $0.13{\pm}0.02ng/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. There was no differences in serum progesterone concentration of calves both male($0.16{\pm}0.03ng/m{\ell}$) and female($0.15{\pm}0.04ng/m{\ell}$) on 1 month old. From these results, progesterone determination by ELISA is very applicable to detect of early pregnancy diagnosis, factorial analysis of reproductive disorder, and also reproductive physiological functions such as veterinary therapeutic measures and monitoring of cyclicity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1974

Blood serum from 30 pregnant cows, 6 non-Pregnant cows (one month after delivery), 6 sterile cows (ovarian cyst), and 6 heifers (16 months old) were analyzed for total vitamin E concentration by the ferric chloride-bipyridyl reaction. The pregnant group was determined periodically throughout pregnancy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group was $0.651{\pm}0.068(SE)mg/100ml$, in non-pregnant group $0.647{\pm}0.119(SE)mg/100ml$, in sterile group $0.488{\pm}0.053(SE)mg/100ml$, and in heifer group $0.083{\pm}0.016(SE)mg/100ml$. Samples below 0.19mg/100ml were net observed and most of the pregnants (83.3%) showed the values of 0.40 to 0.99mg/100ml during pregnancy 2. The difference of vitamin E level between pregnant group and non-pregnant group was net significant, but these trio groups showed a significantly higher value than that of sterile group. On the other hand, in heifer group was recognized significantly lower value compared with adult groups. 3. The change of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group revealed the tendency of decrease as gestation progresses and significantly dropped at the eighth month, thereafter, the value was rose slightly at the tenth month of gestation but no differences were observed. The coefficient of correlation between months and serum vitamin E levels during pregnancy was r=-0.956(p<0.01), and a regression equation was Y (serum vitamin E levels, mg/100ml)=1.034-0.063x(month).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 1992

In order to establish and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to ILTV, field virus strain of ILTV was propagated in chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonated eggs. purified and used as antigen. The antisera selected from the field samples and immunized chickens based on serum neutralization test were used as the standard positive and negative sera in all tests. It was found that optimal antigen concentration was $2{\mu}g$ of protein per well and a 1 : 100 dilution of standard serum showed low background optical density with negative serum and high P/N values of positive sera. A 1 : 500 dilution of the rabbit anti-chicken IgG peroxidase conjugate produced a high P/N values and thirty minutes was chosen as suitable time to read the optical density of the enzyme substrate reaction and optical density was consistent during the 16 hours after stopper was treated. When coated antigen was kept on microplate for varying time up to 16 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C,$ no significant difference was observed between the treatment. The coated antigen could be kept without change of antigenicity for at least one month at $-70^{\circ}C,\; -20^{\circ}C,\; 4^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. When blocking buffer contanining bovine serum albumin was mixed directly with conjugate and serum at 10% level induced higher P/N values compared to blocking antigen coated microplate with the same blocking buffer. The coefficience of correlation between ELISA and SN test was 0.577. When antibody response of chickens, vaccinated with ILTV, was examined by ELISA and SN test, antibody rising and decay pattern between the two test was similar until 11 weeks of age. However 12 weeks onward antibody titer checked on by SN test was slightly lower than that tested by ELISA.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.814-821
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the maternal zinc status during pregnancy and to evaluate the relationship between the zinc concentration of maternal, umblical cord blood and placental tissue and pregnancy outcomes. Venous blood samples were drawn from 53 pregnant women just before delivery and the cord blood of their newborn babies was collected immediately after birth. In addition, placental tissues were extracted. We investigated the difference in the concentration of zinc in maternal, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue in two gestational age groups (preform delivery group [PT] and normal term delivery group [NT]) at 34.7 wk and 39.0 wk of mean gestational age, respectively). We also assessed correlations of the zinc concentration of maternal, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue. Lastly, we studied the correlations between the birth weights and the zinc concentration in the maternal, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue. The concentrations of maternal serum zinc and of umbilical cord serum zinc were significantly higher in the PT group (76.9$\pm$37.4 $\mu/dl$, 101.3$\pm$41.4 $\mu/dl$) than in those of the NT group (57.8$\pm$22.4 $\mu/dl$, 80.7$\pm$27.5 $\mu/dl$), respectively (p<0.05). The zinc concentration of the umbilical cord blood was significantly higher than that of the maternal blood in both groups (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the gestational age and the serum zinc concentration in the cord or the maternal serum. Our results showed that there was a negative relationship between the birth weight (r=-0.286) and the maternal serum zinc concentration. Despite there not being a significant difference, there was tendency for the highest concentrations of maternal serum zinc to be associated with the lowest birth weights. These findings support a possible relationship between the maternal zinc status and the pregnancy outcome, and suggest that zinc may play a role in the many biological processes involved in the successful outcome of a pregnancy.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2012

Objective : Previous studies reported a correlation between the low serum cholesterol level and impulsive behaviors. In this study, we investigate an association between the serum lipid levels and psychological parameters in maladaptive soldiers in the Korean Army. Methods : A total of ninety-six maladaptive subjects and thirty-six normal controls in the Korean army were evaluated with the Korean version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (K-BIS), Korean version of Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (K- BSIS), Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI) and Korean version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level were measured by overnight fasting blood sampling. Results : There were no significant differences between the groups in demographic characteristics. Serum total cholesterol levels (t=-2.209, p=0.032), triglyceride levels (t=-4.593, p<0.001), and LDL levels (t=-3.753, p=0.001) of maladaptive subjects were significantly lower than those of normal controls, and maladaptive subjects had higher K-BIS scores than normal controls (t=7.542, p<0.001). Negative correlation was found between LDL levels and non-planning impulsiveness in the maladaptive subjects (r=-0.253, p=0.013). LDL levels (${\beta}=-0.258$, p=0.008) and K-BDI scores (${\beta}=0.266$, p=0.043) emerged as significant predictors for non-planning impulsiveness. Conclusion : These results suggested that LDL level was associated with non-planning impulsiveness. These findings suggested that serum cholesterol levels might be available as a biological marker of impulsiveness. However, more large samples, longitudinal biological study and psychiatric evaluations should be needed to develop a preventive intervention for maladaptive male conscripts in the Korean army.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 1996

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay has been developed for the determination of ketorolac in human serum using a new extraction method with a good recovery. Human serum samples (1.0 ml) spiked with known concentrations of ketorolac tromethamine and 10${\mu}g$ of ketoprofen as the internal standard (IS) were acidified with 200${\mu}l$ of 1 N HCl and extracted with 7 ml of n-hexane-ether (7:3 v/v). Extracts were centrifuged and organic layer was back-extracted with 400${\mu}l$ of 0.1% tromethamine solution. Twenty .mu.l of centrifuged aqueous layer was injected onto a reversed-phase octyl column and eluted with a mixture of acetonitrile, water, methanol, and triethylamine [35:55:10:0.1 (v/v), pH 3.0] at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Ultraviolet detection of ketorolac and IS was carried out at 300 nm. The calibration curve obtained using peak area ratios showed a good linearity (in concentration range 10-150 ng/ml $r^2$=O.9944; in range 50-2000 ng/ml, r$^{2}$=0.9998). The mean intra-day accuracy and precision for this HPLC method were found to be 3.6 and 3.7%, respectively. The mean inter-day accuracy and precision were found to be 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in the concentration range 50-2000 ng/ml. The recovery of ketorolac from serum was 92.0 $({\pm}5.7)$ % at the concentration of 100 ng/ml. This method proved to be readily applicable to the assay of ketorolac in human serum.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.368-379
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy value of breakfast and its relation to total daily nutrient intake and serum lipid. Dietary intakes were evaluated through the 3-day dietary recalls(interview for 1day and self-report for 2 days) from 333 Korean urban adults aged 20-49 year. Serum lipids in fasting blood samples were measured form 98 of those 333 adults. Low energy breakfast(<15% of daily energy intake) was consumed by 22.6% of males and 18.5% of females. 59.4 of males and 43.3% of females consumed a breakfast of average energy intake(15-25% daily energy intake) ; and 18.1 of males and 38.2% of females consumed a significant contribution to a total daily nutrient intake. The daily nutrient intake except crude fiber and vitamin A, B, B, and C in males and except vitamin C in females significantly increased as the energy value of breakfast increased. The differences in energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were not made up for by other meals. To make matters worse, the satisfactory-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast groups in females. Among serum lipid parameters, TG was negatively correlated with energy provided at breakfast, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a negative correlation with energy and carbohydrates provided at breakfast in males. For females TG was positively correlated with the ratio of carbohydrates to energy at breakfast but negatively correlated with the ratio of fat to energy at breakfast. These results suggest that satisfactory energy intakes at breakfast have positive effects on the adequacy of daily nutrient intake and may positively affect the serum lipid status.