• 환경생물
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2004

The effects of intra-peritoneal injection of inorganic mercury on haemato-logical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress enzyme activities were studied in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fish were injected thrice intra-peritoneally with mercuric chloride TEX>$(5,\;10mg\;Hg\;kg\;b.W.^{-1})$. After exposure of three different mercury concentrations a physiological stress response was exerted on C. carpio by causing changes in the blood status such as erythropenia in blood and oxidative stress in liver. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit level were reduced in most cases by inorganic mercury. Remarkable low level of serum chloride, calcium and osmolality were also observed in the mercury- exposed fish. However, serum magnesium and phosphate were not altered by exposure to mercury. An increased activity of hepatic glutathione peroxidase was observed in the lowest treatment group of carp $(1mg\;Hg\;mg\;b.w.^{-1})$, hence, hepatic catalase and glutathione peroxidase of carp exposed to higher concentration of mercury $(5,\;10mg\;Hg\;kg\;b.W.^{-1})$ showed significant reduction in such activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 1990

In order to evaluate the adaptability of Aardi goats to arid environment, 5 Aardi bucks were deprived of water for four days during spring and summer seasons. The rise in average maximum ambient temperature from $24.8^{\circ}C$ in spring to $35.8^{\circ}C$ in summer caused a significant rise in rectal temperature ($0.3^{\circ}C$), respiratory rate (62%), serum osmolaity (8%) and serum sodium concentration (17%). While, it resulted in a significant decline in dry matter intake (50%), urine volume (74%) and fecal water excretion (60%) compared with their values in spring, but had no significant effect on the volume of drinking water. At the end of the 4-days deprivation period during spring, respiratory rate, dry matter intake and urine volume were reduced by 18, 77 and 91% relative to their average in control goats. The corresponding reduction in summer were 58, 100 and 100%. Serum osmolaity was risen by 15% in spring deprived goats and 29% in summer deprived goats. Rectal temperature rose by a mean value of $1.3^{\circ}C$ only in goats deprived of water in summer. Percent of moisture in the feces declined from 64 in control goats, to 24% in water deprived goats during spring season. The corresponding values in summer were 25 and 6%. These responses of Aardi goats deprived of water in summer indicate that they possess a water economy mechanism enable them to tolerate infrequent drinking in hot-arid environment.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of low sodium dialysate (LSD) rather than conventional dialysate on interdialytic weight gain (IWG), blood pressure (BP), and intradialytic side-effects (ISEs) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods: The study was performed in 43 patients, who were treated in the university hospital over 8 weeks. Each participant's serum sodium set point was measured using dialysate sodium 140 mEq/L during the first 4 weeks. For the next 4 weeks dialysate sodium concentrate (134,136,and138 mEq/L) was provided to each participant but only to an experimental group (EG) (n=22) based on the individual set point, although 140 mEq/L dialysate was given to all of the control group (CG) (n=21). Consequently, outcomes including IWG, BP, and ISE were evaluated. Results: In EG, difference of pre-HD SBP (p=.047) and post-HD serum sodium (p=.006) were significantly decreased compared to CG. Also, ISEs was not more frequent in EG. However, the differences were not statistically significant, IWG (kg & %), pre-HD DBP, post-HD SBP & DBP, and serum osmolality in EG. Conclusion: Individual application of LSD in patients on maintenance hemodialysis is beneficial to decrease pre-HD SBP and post-HD serum sodium without increasing ISE. Therefore, LSD can be better treatment than conventional dialysate.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

The effects of sparp changes of water temperature (WT) on the stree response and physiological change of the cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were examined by manipulating WT (3 patterns) in a running seawater culture system. In the first group (Exp. I), the WT was decreased from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 6 hours and increased back to the original WT quickly. WT was decreased from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 5 hours and main-tained at 11$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. and then increased to 2$0^{\circ}C$ in the second group (Exp. II). In the third group(Exp. III) WT was decreased to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 5 hours (type A) or 10 hrs. (type B). In Exp. I and III, the level of serum cortisol was increased from 2.5$\pm$0.3 ng/ml and 2.6$\pm$0.9 ng/ml to 13.6$\pm$3.0 ng/ml and 12.4$\pm$3.2ng/ml, respectively, with WT decrease. However, no consistent tendency in the change of serum glucose level was shown according to WT decrease. In Exp. III, the glucose level of fish in type A was decreased until 5 hours and increased at 7 hours, then decreased until 12 hours where as the glucose level in type B was decreased until 5 hours and stayed at the level of 15.7 mg/dl. The serum osmolality was reduced with WT decrease and the response of serum electrolytes in this experiment conflicted, and a tendency in total protein, AST and ALT was not found following WT decrease. In conclusion, olive flounder responded to the stress caused by WT decrease and acclimated to this condition when the lower temperature was maintained. But there was no stress response in the blood of olive flounder when WT was increased. On the other hand, the degree of stress response in olive flounder was various according to the range and gradient of WT change.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The changes in osmolality and the gene expression profiles of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) with rapid changes in salinity were compared in the eel (Anguilla japonica), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Fish stocked in freshwater (FW) were abruptly transferred to experimental tanks containing FW, 50% seawater (50% SW), or 100% SW (SW). Blood samples and pituitary glands were collected 2 and 24 hrs after the exposure. No mortality was observed in SW eel (n=6), whereas all of the crucian carp (n=6) and two masu salmon (n=6) exposed to SW died after land 24 hrs, respectively. The PRL mRNA levels of the eel and masu salmon decreased in 50% SW and SW compared to those of the fish kept in FW after 24 hrs, whereas the PRL levels of crucian carp were higher in 50% SW than in FW. Unlike the PRL mRNA levels, the GH mRNA levels of the eel did not differ significantly among three different salinities, while the GH mRNA levels of crucian carp and masu salmon increased significantly in 50% SW and SW after 24 hrs. The serum osmolalities increased marginally in the eel and masu salmon in 50% SW at 24 hrs (19% and 9%, respectively), whereas those of crucian carp increased abruptly in 50% SW (50% increase). These results suggest that the synthesis of PRL and GH is important in relation to the osmoregulatory system with environmental changes in salinity.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to identify the significant acute physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to Neurological Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Results: The significant physiological predictors of mortality and of functional and cognitive recovery were quite different upon admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: respiratory rate, hematocrit, serum pH, osmolality, and $PaCO_2$ were the predictors in the subjects with a high Glasgow Coma Scale scores while blood pressure, $PaO_2$, respiratory rate, and hematocrit in the subjects with a low Glasgow coma scale scores. Conclusion: The physiological derangements induced by acute stroke are undoubtedly influence clinical outcome. More study is required to determine their diverse impacts on clinical outcomes.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

비태인은 세포에서 삼투압 조절인자로 작용하며 콜린 대체와 체지방 감소 효과를 가진다. 따라서 고온 스트레스 기간에 비태인의 수준별 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 관련되는 생리적인 인자에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 8주간 사양실험을 시행하였다. 사료는 조단백질 16.00%, 대사에너지 2,800 kcal/kg수준으로 급여하였다. 사료에 비태인의 급여수준은 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000pprn으로 하였으며, 처리구당 반복은 4반복, 반복당 수수는 18수씩 배치하였다. 산란율, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 4주 단위로 측정하였으며, 계란의 품질과 간의 비태인 함량, 혈중 콜레스테롤, 회장 내용물의 삼투압은 실험 종료시에 측정하였다. 산란율은 처리구간에 일관성이 없었지만 비태인 500과 2,000ppm처리구에서 75.06과 75.02%로서 대조구의 72.62%보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 사료요구율은 각각 2.203, 2.125 로서 대조구의 2.374보다 현저하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 난각강도는 비태인 처리구에서 대조구보다 현저하게 높거나 (P<0.05) 개선되는 경향을 보였지만, 난백고와 호유닛은 대조구와 동일한 경향을 나타냈다. 간에서 비태인 함량은 사료내 비태인의 수준에 비례하여 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 비태인 2,000ppm 처리구는 대조구보다 현저하게 높았다 (P<0.05). 혈중 콜레스테롤과 triacylgycerol는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 비태인 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 회장 내용물의 삼투압은 비태인 급여 구에서 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과 고온 스트레스기에 비태인의 첨가.급여는 산란계의 생산능력을 개선하는 경향을 보였으며, 난각의 품질을 개선하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.100-102
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• 2002

본 연구는 조단백질 수준이 낮은 사료를 급여한 산란계에 비테인의 급여가 생산성과 지질대사, 삼투압조절에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 18주령 산란계 360수를 공시하였고 옥수수-대두박을 위주로 CP 16%, ME 2,800 kcal/kg, 메치오닌 0.33%를 함유한 기초사료에 비테인 0, 300, 600, 1200ppm을 16주간 첨가 급여하였다. 산란율, 사료섭취량, 난중, 사료요구율은 4주단위로 측정하였으며, 계란의 품질, 간과 계란에서 비테인 함량, 혈중 콜레스테롤을 실험개시 후 8주에 측정하였다. 산란율은 18∼26주령에는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 산란피크에 도달한 후 600ppm 이상의 비테인을 급여한 산란계에서 현저히 증가하였다(P〈0.05). 사료섭취량은 비테인 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 26∼33주령에는 사료요구율이 비테인 처리구에서 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 난품질은 비테인에 의한 영향이 없었다. 비테인의 급여는 간의 비테인 함량과 혈중 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 복강지방, 회장소화물의 삼투압을 증가시키는 경향이 있었으나 간 지방함량은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험의 결과는 산란계에서 비테인의 급여가 산란율을 개선하며 간 지방함량을 감소시킬 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

To examine the effects of alcohol consumption on body fluid restoration and fat mobilization following exercise induced dehydration, nine healthy collegiate men ($24{\pm}2yrs,\;177{\pm}5cm,\;72{\pm}8kg,\;10.5{\pm}2.3%$ body fat) underwent three experiments. In each experiment, subjects ran on a treadmill to reduce individual body mass to $2.2{\pm}0.1%$ and consumed one of three beverages containing 0, 4, or 8% alcohol over 60 min followed by 4 hr of resting recovery. They consumed approximately 150% of weight loss $(2053{\pm}204,\;2091{\pm}149,\;and\;1943{\pm}295mL)$ and content of alcohol was $9.9{\pm}1.0(0%),\;71.9{\pm}5.1(4%)$, and $132.2{\pm}20.1g$ (8% trial). Body weight, urine volume and samples, blood samples, and thirst sensation were measured five times; at baseline, immediately after exercise, and 0, 1st, and 4th hr of recovery. Blood alcohol concentration after ingestion was $0.0{\pm}0.0(0%),\;0.1{\pm}0.02(4%)$, and $0.2{\pm}0.03%$ (8% trial). No differences in blood sodium and potassium concentrations, and urine specific gravity were noticed over time periods and trials. Thirst sensation tended to be elevated in all trials immediately after exercises and urine output was elevated during the recovery. The magnitude of changes in these variables was proportional to the alcohol concentrations, but not statistically significant. While serum osmolality was not different among trials and time periods in 0 and 4% trials, it was higher during recovery than the baseline in the 8% trial (P<0.01). Triglycerides did not change throughout the time period and among trials. Free fatty acids were elevated after exercise in all trials and 4th hr of recovery in 0% (P<0.05). Subjects' net body fluid balance at 4th hr of recovery was negatively maintained and proportional to alcohol concentrations. Only 8% trials showed a significant reduction at 1st and 4th hr of recovery compared to 0 hr. The results suggested that diuretic effect of alcohol after moderate level of dehydration appeared dose dependent, but beverage containing alcohol up to 4% did not induce impaired rehydration than alcohol free drinks. Alcohol effects on fat mobilization during recovery appeared to be minimal and the mechanism is unclear.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권3호통권108호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2004

Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP)는 내분비장애물질로 분류되어 있는 플라스틱 가소제로서 in vitro에서 혈구세포막에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 동자개, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco를 대상으로 DEHP 급성 노출에 따른 혈액학적 영향을 파악하기위하여 어체중 당 300 및 1,000 mg의 DEHP를 복강주사하였다. DEHP (1,000 mg b.w. $^{-1}$에 노출된 동자개는 적혈구수와 혈색소 농도 및 적혈구 용적이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 혈청 내 유기성분인 총단백질량, 콜레스테를 수치는 300 및 1,000 mg 주사구에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 지방산의 농도는 1,000 mg 주사구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 무기성분인 칼슘농도와 혈액 삼투압 농도는 1,000 mg DEHP 노출구에서 유의적인 감소가 관찰되었다.