• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc on the carbohydrate metabolism and the serum content of magnesium and chromium in rats fed normal diet. Animals were divided into three groups by different dietary zinc levels which were low(15ppm), normal(30ppm) or high(60ppm). Serum glucose and Insulin concentrations were assessed by the glucose method and the radio immuno assay respectively. Serum zinc. magnesium and chromium contents were measured by Indectively Coupled Plasma(ICP). Results of the study were as follows : 1. Feed intake in a zinc deficiency group was significantly higher than that in other group, but the weight gain in high zinc diet group was significantly lower than in other groups. 2. There were no significant differences in liver, kidney and spleen weight. 3. Serum glucose, insulin and zinc concentrations were not significantly different among different dietary zinc groups, However serum magnesium and chromium concentrations were significantly decreased as the level of dietary zinc was increased.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of serum calcium and magnesium level to depression and anxiety symptoms in 66 perimenopausal women. Daily nutrient intakes and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by convenient me쇙. General status was conducted by a questionnaire whereas the questionnaire of CED-S(the Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale) was used for depression and Spielburger's STAI-S(state-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was used for anxiety. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured before and after calcium supplementation. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Results indicated that serum calcium concentrations were significantly(P〈0.05) increased to normal ranges after calcium supplementation. Depression and anxiety scores of the subjects with calcium supplementation were significantly(p〈0.05) lower than those before calcium supplementation. There were significantly(P〈0.05) decreased between serum magnesium concentration and depression and anxiety scores, but calcium concentration was not significantly decreased. These results suggest that psychological conditions of perimenopausal women are possibly effected by serum calcium and magnesium levels. More studies are needed to measure the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on psychological conditions in perimenopausal women.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.378-389
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc nutrition in 28 normal and 28 obese male elementary school students who have over 30% obesity index. The anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes and serum levels of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc were determined by 24-hr recall method and blood analysis, respectively. The mean age, height, weight, and obesity index were 10.9years, 147.4cm, 61.1kg, and 50.5% in obese group and 10.8years, 145.4cm, 40.2kg, and 3.3% in normal group. There was no significant difference in average daily food intake between obese and normal group, but meats(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly lower than that of normal group. The intakes of energy, magnesium, iron, copper were not significantly difference between obese and normal group, but heme iron(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly lower than that of normal group. Zinc(p＜0.05) intake of obese group was significantly higher than that of normal group. Serum magnesium(p＜0.001) level of obese group was significantly higher than that of normal group, but there were no significant differences in serum iron, copper, zinc levels between obese and normal group. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and weight(p＜0.05), and obesity index(p＜0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and energy intake(p＜0.05), protein intake(p＜0.05), animal protein intake(p＜0.05), phosphorus intake(p＜0.05) and animal iron intake(p＜0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum magnesium and seaweeds intake(p＜0.05), milks intake(p＜0.001). Also, there was significantly positive correlation between serum copper and oils and fat intake(p＜0.05). These results suggest that there should be careful considerations for micronutrients nutrition status among male obese elementary school students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1976

Alterations in the serum magnesium level were studied in twenty patients who had open-heart surgery during the period from August 1974 to May 1975. The patients were chosen at random. The operative procedures included repair for congenital heart diseases in fifteen patients and cardiac valve replacement for acquired valvular heart diseases in five patients. The age ranged from 8 to 46 years, with an average of 19 years. None of the patients had a history of gross neuromuscular abnormalities. Cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out using a roller pump and a disposable oxygenator. The prime solution consisted of 2 units of ACD banked blood and approximately an equal volume of non-blood additives in adults, while a relatively smaller volume was added in children. The average flow rate was 2,733 ml per minute. Blood samples for magnesium and arterial blood pH were obtained the day after admission 25 minutes after initiation of the bypass and on the morning the day after operation. Preoperative data were then compared with those obtained during the bypass and postoperatively by a paired test. During the bypass, the serum magnesium level decreased significantly from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ to $1.210{\pm}0.063mEq.$ liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter postoperatively (p<0.01). The duration of bypass was less than 90 minutes in 10 patients (group A) and exceeded 90 minutes in the remaining 10 (group B). There was no statistical correlation between the groups A and B ($p{\gg}0.20$). Statistical analyses of the serum magnesium level and arterial blood pH showed no significant correlation with correlation coefficient; being -0.3485(pre-op), -0.2971(during bypass), and -0.1008(post-op), respectively. In all the patients, no gross neuromuscular abnormalities were found postoperatively. At present, the clinical significance of the serum magnesium level during and after bypass is controversial. In the near future, however, it is expected that improvements in prime solution and heart-lung machine will solve this problem.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1985

In the present studies, the effects of dietary high-potassium and high-urea on the metabolism of magnesium, calcium and potassium were checked as an aid to clarify the pathogenesis of hypomagnesaemia(so-called grass tetany) in ruminant. A total of 5 Korean native female goats kept in metabolic cage were received high-potassium(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94%, K: 5.41%), high-urea(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94%, K: 0.72%) or control(Mg: 0.25%, Ca: 0.94, K: 0.72%) ration for 15 or 21 days. Daily intakes, fecal and urinary excretions and serum concentrations of magnesium, calcium and potassium were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In high-potassium group, absorption, urinary excretion and serum concentration of magnesium were significantly (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively) decreased compared with the control group. On the other hand, the body retention was significantly (p<0.01) increased. However, no clinical symptom of hypomagnesaemic tetany was observable throughout the experimental period. No significant effects on the metabolism and seurm content of calcium were detected in the high-potassium group. In the high-potassium group, significant increase in absorption (p<0.01), urinary excretion (p<0.05) and body retention (p<0.01) of potassium were recognized. However, no significant difference in the concentration of serum was observable between the two groups. In high-urea group, no significant difference in the metabolism of magnesium and potassium or in the serum content were recognized compared with the control group. In high-urea group, tthe absorption, urinary excretion, body retention and serum content of calcium were decreased compared with the control group.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1997

The serum concentrations of the major minerals(calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium) and trace elements(iron, Zinc, copper manganese)were datermined in 23 breast fed infants living in Eumsung, Choong-buk region. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1)The mean levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium of the serum of total subjects were 8.15$\pm$0.33mg/dI, 11.06$\pm$0.16mg/dI, 2.00$\pm$0.14mg/dI, 3.4476$\pm$17.99mg/dI and 9.06$\pm$2.04mg/dI respectively. 2)The serum concentrations of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in total subjects averaged 95.83$\pm$0.33mg/dI, 93.79$\pm$7.06$\mu$g/dI and 98.57$\pm$7.06 $\mu$g/dI and 4.93$\pm$0.62$\mu$g/dI respecitively. 3)Breast fed infants had significantly higher serum calcim, magnesium, sodium and iron concentrations than the formula fed groups. Otherwise, serum potassium, copper and manganese levels in breast milk fed infants were significantly lower than those in formula fed infants. 4) In formula fed infants, serum potassium and copper levels increased increased significantly with months after birth.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2002

Postmenopausal women lose more bone mass than men as a result of estrogen deprivation. The resultant low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are main components of bone. The purpose of this study is to investigate nutrient intake and serum osteocalcin, Ca, P and Mg and their correlation to bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women residing in rural areas. We conducted 24 hour dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements and blood analysis on 60 postmenopausal women. The BMD of the lumbar spine (L2$\rightarrow$L4) and the femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Subjects were assigned to one of three groups:normal (T-score> -1, n=20), osteopenia (-2.5> T-score $\leq$ -1, n=23), and osteoporosis ( T-score $\leq$ -2.5, n=17). The mean age, height, weight and BMI were 62.37 yr, 154.36 cm, 55.28 kg and 23.18 $kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean daily energy and protein intakes were 76.35% and 87.41% of RDA for Koreans. The mean intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were 463.62 mg (66.23% of RDA), 955.32 mg (136.47% of RDA), 345.87 mg respectively. The mean serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were 8.76 mg/dl, 3.80 mg/dl, and 2.10 mg/dl, respectively, and there were no significant differences among the three groups. However, the BMD of the femoral neck showed a significantly negative correlation with serum magnesium (p<0.05). To summarize the results, most nutrient intakes (especially calcium) in postmenopausal women did not reach the RDA values for Koreans. Also, increase of serum magnesium levels may be related to bone loss.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2003

Effect of the ingestion of porphyran extracted from Porphyra yezoensis on calcium, magnesium and potassium contents in serum and tissue was investigated using hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. The contents of calcium magnesium and potassium in serum of rats fed porphyran for four weeks were higher than those of the control group. The contents of calcium and potassium were decreased with increasing a porphyran level while magnesium content was increased. Liver calcium contents in an $1\%$ porphyran group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the control group, and magnesium contents in a $10\%$ porphyran group were higher than those in the control group. Kidney calcium and magnesium contents in rats fed porphyran were significantly (p<0.05) high compared with the control group. However, potassium content in kidney was Increased as a porphyran level was increased in diet. Spleen calcium and potassium contents were significantly lower in the porphyran groups than those in the control group. Rats fed the $5\%$ porphyran diet had higher magnesium content in spleen than any other diets. The results showed that diets supplemented with several porphyran levels had variable effects on the contents of calcium, magnesium and potassium in serum and tissue of hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of caffeine consumption on the change of mineral concentration in serum and urinary mineral excretion in healthy young females. On two separate mornings at one week intervals, each subject drank a coffee which contained no caffeine and 3mg/kg body weight caffeine. To obviate dietary effects on mineral concentration in serum and urine, each subject fasted at least ten hours before consuming the test beverage. At one, two, three and four hours, serum and urine production collected seperately for measurement of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration. The results were as following : 1) Mean age of subjects was 20.6$\pm$0.32, Mean body mass index of subjects was 21.64$\pm$0.89, which was within $\pm$10% of ideal body weight. 2) Total urine volume of caffein groups for 4 hour after caffeine consumption was higher than that of decaffeine one, but urine pH was unchanged after caffeine consumption. Total urinary four hour excretion of creatinine was not affected by caffeine consumption and creatinine clearance also was not different from the control value. 3) In serum, mean three hour content of sodium(p<0.01) and phosphorus was higher in the subject given the caffeine. Mean serum magnesium and calcium contents were lower in caffeine group than that of decaffeine one. Mean serum magnesium content for three hour after caffeine ingestion was affected by caffeine consumption(p<0.001). Mean serum content of potassium was unaffected by caffeine consumption. 4) Total urinary four hour excretion of sodium, increased significantly after caffeine consumption(p<0.05), while total urinary four hour excretion of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was unchanged after caffeine intake. Urinary excretion of Na, Ca, P and Mg was greatest at one hour after caffeine consumption, especially urinary sodium and potassium excretion was significantly high(p<0.05, p<0.01). The above results show that only 3mg caffeine per kg body weight increase the urinary macro mineral excretion in healthy young females.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1404-1410
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium intake levels on magnesium utilization in young and adult rats fed various levels of calcium(50, 100 or 200% of requirement) for 3 weeks. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency ratios of the young group were significantly higher than those of the adult group. In calcium levels of tissues, serum calcium levels in young group were higher than in the adult group and kidney calcium levels in HCa(high-calcium group) were higher than in other groups. There was no significant difference in magnesium intake among age and diet groups. However, magnesium excretions through feces and urine in the adult group were higher than in the young group. Therefore, magnesium retention in the young group was higher than in the adult group. Especially in the young group, fecal magnesium excretion was increased with increasing levels of dietary calcium. Serum magnesium levels were lowest in YHCa(young 8t high-calcium) group, and there was no significant difference in liver and kidney levels among the calcium-diet groups. These results indicate that high calcium consumption promotes of fecal magnesium excretion and decreased magnesium retention rates in growing rats. Therefore, it is suggested that mineral interactions should be considered in the supplementation of dietary calcium intake for growth. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) 1404-1410, 1998)