• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2006

The essential oil (EC-oil) obtained from the buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) was examined for its free radical-scavenging activity, cytotoxicity, and in vivo toxicity. To find the xenobiotic properties of EC-oil, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. It was found that EC-oil displayed xenobiotic properties like bromobenzene. The cytotoxicities of eugenol and of the EC-oil were greatly attenuated by the sulfhydryl-containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that eugenol was susceptible to nucleophilic sulfhydryl. In addition, eugenol also showed potent free radical-scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, methyleugenol considerably exhibited less cytotoxicity and less potent free radical-scavenging activity than eugenol, and the cell viability of the methyleugenol was more increased with NAC treatment than the eugenol. These results indicate that the phenolic OH in eugenol may play a crucial role in both cytotoxicity and free radical-scavenging activity. The fashion on oxidative stress and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of eugenol resembled those of bromobenznene.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1982

Lipid peroxidation is the reaction of oxidative deterioration of polyunsaturated lipids and this peroxidation involves the direct reaction of oxygen and lipid to form free radical intermediates, which can lead to autocatalysis. As results of the extensive studies on the lipid peroxidation by many authors, the relationship between lipid peroxidation and the drug metabolizing system as well as the actions of free radicals on the peroxidation was reasonably well known. For a long time, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of $CCl_4$ was not clearly understood. However, it is now quite well established that $CCl_4$ is activated in vivo to a free radical which is a highly reactive molecule. Therefore, lipid peroxidation which induces the reduction of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine demethylase activity is known as decisive event of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, it was also reported that singlet molecular oxygen produces lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. In this study the effects of benzoyl peroxide on the lipid peroxidation and drug-metabolizing enzyme were examined. Benzoyl peroxide mixed with starch and phosphates etc. is usually used as a food additive for flour bleaching and maturing purpose because of its oxidative property. Albino rats were used for the experimental animals. Benzoyl peroxide was suspended in soybean oil and sesame oil and administered intraperitoneally or orally. TBA value and aminopyrine demethylase activity were determined in liver microsomal fraction and serum. The results were summerized as following. 1) Body weights of animals administered benzoyl peroxide suspension were decreased while that of oil administered group were increased. 2) The activity of aminopyrine demethylase was generally decreased in animals administered oil suspension of benzoyl peroxide. Furthermore, the marked reduction of the enzyme activity was observed in animals administered benzoyl peroxide intraperitoneally. 3) Generally, microsomal TBA values as well as serum TBA were significantly elevated in benzoyl peroxide group in comparison with the control group. However, the more remarkable increase of serum TBA than microsomal TBA was observed in animals administered orally for 6 days. 4) Specifically, the changing pattern of TBA value was notable in serum rather than in liver microsome by intraperitoneal administration of benzoyl peroxide.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 1995

An anticoagulant/fibrinolytic protease was purified to homogeneity from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. The protein was a single chain glycoprotein of 32 kDa that exhibited strong proteolytic activity on human thrombin and fibrin clots. Proteolytic degradation of these plasma proteins by the purified enzyme occurred at a neutral pH range. Among several human plasma proteins tested as possible substrates for the protease reaction, the 32 kDa enzyme specifically hydrolyzed both thrombin and fibrin polymers without affecting other proteins, such as serum albumin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin. Treatment of the purified enzyme at neutral pH with either phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride or soybean trypsin inhibitor resulted in a loss of catalytic activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed the chromogenic substrate H-D-Phe-L-Pipecolyl-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide with a $K_m$ value of 1.1 ${\mu}M$ at a neutral pH. These results suggest that the anticoagulant/fibrinolytic enzyme from Lumbricus rubellus is a member of the serine protease family having a trypsin-like active site, and one of the potential clevage sites for the enzyme is the carbonyl side of arginine residues in polypeptide chains.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1995

The effects of volatile substances inhalation on lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase in rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to marketed odorant, ethyl acetate and ethyl ether for 15 days. Enzyme activities were measured in serum and several tissues such as liver, lung, brain, heart, kidney and muscle to find differences of effects according to the organ. Cholinesterase activity in serum and most of tissues revealed time-dependent decrease in the case of marketed odorant inhalation. Especially in heart and kidney significant decrease was observed. Ethyl acetate exposure to rats revealed also decrease in serum and all tissues by 40% to 60%. Ethyl ether inhalation showed significant decrease by 30% to 50%. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was markedly increased in serum and similarly in heart, brain and kidney by exposure to marketed odorant. No changes were observed in liver. Ethyl acetate exposure to rats revealed increase in serum by about 200%, compared to normal group and in other tissues by 40% to 70% except in liver and muscle. Ethyl ether inhalation showed significant increase in serum by about 100%. There was no change in 'liver and slight increase in muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.760-768
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• 2022

The purpose this study was to investigate the influences of 5% mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on BUN and enzyme activities in serum of hyperlipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the BD group(normal-nonhyperlipidemic diet), BM group(normal-nonhyperlipidemic diet+5% mung bean), BH group(control-hyperlipidemic diet), and BHM group(hyperlipidemic diet+5% mung bean). Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by mung bean supplementation diet. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase and lipase in sera of mung bean diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The catalase activity in serum of mung bean supplementation group was significantly increased than hyperlipidemic diet (p<0.05). In vivo experiment with hyperlipidemic rats showed that ingestion of mung bean were effective in kidney and hepatic functional enzyme activities. Which suggests that mung bean material could be used for further studies as a potential source for nutraceutical foods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean on blood glucose and lipid concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients. We divided patients into two groups and fed them, respectively, a basal diet(control group) and a basal diet with 69 g/d of soybean(soybean group) for 4 weeks. Pills with roasted soybean powder were provided to the soybean supplementation group three times a day. Macronutrients intake except dietary fiber was similar between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in dietary intakes or body weight before and after the supplementation. Energy composition ratio of C:F:P was 65:19:16 in the control group, 64:20:16 in the soybean group. The blood parameters of subjects before supplementation, such as fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and $HbA_1C$ were not different between the two groups. After supplementation, fasting blood glucose(p<0.001), postprandial glucose level(p<0.001) and serum triglyceride level(p<0.05) were significantly reduced in the soybean group in comparison with the control group. The total cholesterol level was not significantly different between the control and the supplemented group after 4 weeks of treatment. TBARS levels of the soybean group were not significantly different from those of the control group. The activities of catalase(p<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase(p<0.05) were significantly higher in the soybean group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that soybean supplementation would be helpful to control blood glucose and serum lipid in diabetic patients. Also, soybean showed an antioxidant activity that may contribute to enhance the effect of antioxidant defense. This activity contributes to protection against oxidative damage in type 2 DM patients. Soybean may have potential use in the disease management of patients with DM.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1992

An intracellular protease form cells of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans DSM 1227 grown on carbon monoxide was purified 57-fold in six steps to homogeneity with a yield of 4.3% using azocoll as a substrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 150,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis revealed the purified enzyme to be a dimer with two identical subunits of molecular weight 72,000. The enzyme was stimulated by $Mg^{2+}$ but was inhibited completely by $Cd^{2+}$ $Fe^{2+}$ $Hg^{2+}$, and $^Zn{2+}$ The enzyme activity was also inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and phenyl glyoxal, but was increased by 1-ethyl-3(dimethyl aminopropyl fluoride, and phenyl glyoxal, but was increased by 1-ethyl-3(dimethyl aminopropyl)carbodiimide, iodoacetamide and dithiothereitol. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were found to be 7-8 and 50.deg.C, respectively. Casein and bovine serum albumin were hydrolyzed by the enzyme, but carbon monoxide dehydrogenase was not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in serum glucose level, body weight, water consumption, serum insulin concentration, and the activity of pancreatic enzyme in rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). Histological studies were also carried out to evaluate the effects on pancreatic tissues and Langerhans's islet cells. Nicotinamide pretreatment in STZ diabetic rats inhibited the rise of fasting serum glucose concentration and water consumption. Pretreatment with nicotinamide significantly increased the concentration of serum insulin and body weight changes compared to the STZ-treated group. Pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities were increased, but amylase activity was decreased and pancreatic $\beta$ -cell was destroyed by STZ. Pvetreatment with nicotinamide prevented these STZ-induced changes. These results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment supresses STZ-induced changes in pancreatic enzymes by preventing $\beta$-cell destruction and therefore maintaining a normal serum insulin revel.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

Liver and serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activities were determined in ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation (CBD) to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. Liver $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity and its Vmax value in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication were found to be significantly decreased than that in CBD ligation alone. However, the difference of Km value on above hepatic enzyme was not found between the experimental groups. On the other hand, serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication was increased more than that in CBD ligation alone. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of the hepatic $\beta$-D-mannosidase decreases and the serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity increases in cholestasis combined with chronic ehtanol intoxication, reflecting damage of aggravated hapatocytic membrane. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks were enzymologically harmful to the hepatobiliary disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

One-day-old Cherry valley meat-strain ducks were used to investigate the effect of supplemental dried oregano powder (DOP) in feed on the productivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and breast meat quality. One hundred sixty five ducks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 42 days. The dietary treatment groups were control group (CON; no antibiotic, no DOP), antibiotic group (ANT; CON+0.1% Patrol), 0.1% DOP (CON+0.1% DOP), 0.5% DOP (CON+0.5% DOP), and 1.0% DOP (CON+1.0% DOP). Upon feeding, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of oregano extracts was higher than that of tocopherol, although it was less than that of ascorbic acid. As a result of in vivo study, DOP in the diet showed no effects on final body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, dietary 0.5% and 1% DOP supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with CON and ANT, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue was increased as compared to ANT (p<0.05). Cooking loss from ducks fed with DOP decreased compared with the control ducks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of duck breast meat at 5 d post slaughter was found to be significantly reduced in ducks whose diets were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% DOP (p<0.05). These results suggest that diets containing 0.5% and 1% DOP may beneficially affect antioxidant enzyme activity of GPx and SOD, improve meat cooking loss, and reduce TBARS values in breast meat at 5 d of storage in ducks.