• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in alcoholic fatty liver rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 8 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the control diet (CD) and the ethanol diet (ED) and the ethanol + $0.02\%$ $\beta$-carotene diet (EPD) groups and fed the experimental diet respectively for 5 weeks. After the feeding, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver to analyze lipid and lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The mean body weight and food intake of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than that of the control diet. The liver index (LI) of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride of the ethanol diet group were significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Total cholesterol levels were not significantly different among all groups. HDL-cholesterol of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver TBARS of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver lipofuscin and conjugated diene levels were not significantly different among all groups. The superoxide dismutase activity of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not significantly different among all groups. Because v-carotene supplementation significantly decrease the serum total lipid, triglyceride, liver TBARS revels and increase the superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic ratty liver rats, $\beta$-carotene supplementation seems to give beneficial effect for the alcoholics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9847-9851
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• 2014

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological cancer characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells.The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) in multiple myeloma with and without free light chain excretion(FLCe-MM and NFLCe-MM); as well as to investigate possible alterations in oxidative stress parameters. Materials and Methods: Total thiol (T.thl), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were examined in addition to the PON1 and ARE enzyme activities in twenty one FLCe-MM and nineteen NFLCe-MM subjects. Routine parameters like lipid panel, serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and hemoglobin levels were compared with the oxidative stress markers. Results: Serum total protein, BUN, creatinin, and uric acid levels were significantly higher (p=0.04, p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.0022, respectively), while hemoglobin and albumin levels were significantly lower in FLCe-MM patients (p=0.009 and p=0.04,respectively). PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in patients with FLCe-MM compared to those with NFLCe-MM (p=0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusions: Depending on our results of prognostic markers of MM such as age, hemoglobin, albumin, and creatinine we feel confident to presume FLCe-MM as a subgroup with a worse prognosis. A decrease in PON1 and ARE activities may contribute to the prognosis and may be used as a prognostic tool in MM.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Cynanchum wilfordii extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid components in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin(STZ) -induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, ♂) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-Cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups((group 2(cholesterol+water), 4(cholesterol+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract)) than those in the control group (group1 , basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol. atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL- cholesterol. free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were remakably lower in the group 4 than those in the group 2. In the STZ(55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic groups((group 3(STZ, IP.)+water), 5(STZ(IP.)+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract? the serum total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose concentrations actions were rather lower in the group 5 than those in the group 3. In the ratio of HDL -cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Cynanchum wilfordii extract administration groups were higher percentage than III the groups 2 and 3. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were rather lower in the Cynanchum wllfordii extract administration groups (group 4,5) than in the cholesterol diet group(group 2) and STZ-induced diabetic group (group 3). From the above research, the physiological activity substances in Cynanchum wllfordii were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. And particularly, physiological activity substance in Cynanchum wilfordii was more effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of a ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork (0-30 kGy) diet on lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity and antioxidative defense systems in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The body weight of rats fed irradiated diets did not change significantly. Liver weight was significantly increased by the administration of DEN, but not by irradiated diets at any dose level. There were no significant effects of gamma irradiation on the content of microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), cytochrome P-450, or on the activity of G-6-Pase. However, with DEN treatment, cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased while microsomal G-6-Pase activity was significantly decreased. The ${\gamma}$-irradiated diet supplement did not affect serum retinol or $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. However, it did cause a significant decrease in hepatic retinol at 30 kGy. With DEN treatment, hepatic retinol content was even more significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the non-irradiated control. The enzyme activities related to antioxidative defense systems, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were not affected by gamma irradiation. Those results suggest that an irradiated pork diet up to 30 kGy may not cause a health hazard in experimental animals.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.509-516
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• 2014

This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of Nelumbo nucifera(N.N) Root in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and Total cholesterol were significantly decreaed in N.n treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in N.N treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was significantly increaed in N.N treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in N.N treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in N.N treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH) was significanly increased in N.N treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly decreaed in N.N treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of N.N would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

The possible mechanism of decreased catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in cholestatic rat liver was studied. Hepatic and serum COMT activities were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The Michaelis-Menten constants in this hepatic enzyme was also measured. The activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial and mircosomal COMT as well as their $V_{max}$ values were found to be decreased significantly in CCS plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group than in the control group, such as CCS alone groups. However, their $K_m$ values in the experimental groups did not vary. Seru4m COMT activity increased slightly in the CCS plus TCA injerted group than in the control group. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the COMT in the liver, The elevated activity of the serum COMT is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability of hepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.493-498
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of Ixeris sonchifolia Hance diets on serum and hepatic lipid levles and enzyme activities in rats administered with ethanol chronically, Sprague-Dawley male rats were AIN-76 diet(control), control diet plus ethanol, control plus Ixeris sonchifolia Hance diet, or control plus Ixeris sonchifolia Hance diet plus ethanol for 30 days. Ixeris sonchifolia Hance diets significantly decreased the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and GOT levels that were increased due to the chronic ethanol administration. In addition, Ixeris sonchifolia Hance diets significantly decreased the liver triglyceride and total lipid levels that were increased due to the ethanol administration. The present findings, combined with previous data showing differences in the effects of cabbage diets having a high or a low level of GABA on the lipid levels and the serum Y-GPT activity of rats(Cha and OH[2000] J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 29, 500-505) raise the possibility that GABA in plants could have a nytraceutical role in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related diseases. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 493∼498, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 1997

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different dietary lipids on the risk factors of coronary vascular disease(CVD) in ovariectomized rats. female rats of Sprague-Dawley stram were divided into sham-operated(sham) and ovariectomized(ovx) groups and then each group was divided into a beef fallow group, a soy bean oil group and a fish oil group. After 16 weeks of feeding on experimental diets, animals were sacrificed and blood, liver, kidney and perirenal fat pad were obtained. Food intake and weight gain of fish oil group were significantly lower than other dietary lipid groups. food intake and weight gain tended to be higher in ovx groups than in sham groups. The weight Index(g/100g body weight) of liver and kidney was higher in the fish oil group than the other groups and weight index was lower in ovx groups compared to sham groups. The weight of the perirenal fat pad was the highest in the beef tallow group and the lowest in the fish oil group. The fish oil group showed the lowest total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum. Serum TG levels were lower in all ovx groups than in sham groups, but serum TC levels were not influenced by ovariectomy. fatty acid composition of serum reflects the recent dietary Intake of fat. Linoleic acid content was tile highest in soy bean oil group and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) contents were the highest in fish oil group. fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, especially EPA and DHA contents in perirenal fat pad, was highest in the fish oil group. Saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) in serum and adipose tissue did not reflect fatty acid intake. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a lipogenic enzyme, in the blood of the beef tallow and soybean oil groups showed the tendency to be high and that of the fish oil group to be low in ovx. Carnitine acetyltransferase, a lipolytic enzyme, showed the highest activity in the liver of the fish oil group and was least active in the soy bean oil group.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 2003

This research was conducted to determine the effects of chitosanoligosaccharide on liver poisoning induced by cadmium (Cd). Three groups of mice were used in this research. The first group was only injected with cadmium (5.0 mg/kg; i.p.) (group Cd) and the second one with cadmium and chitosanoligosaccharide (0.5% solution) at the same time (group Cd+Chi). The third one which had already been injeted with chitosanoligosaccharide (0.5% Solution) aweek before (group Ch7+Cd) was used. In order to investigate the inhibitory action of chitosanoligosaccharide on liver damage, enzyme activity in serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were relatively measured. In addition, histological observations were made to determine the morphologic injury of liver tissues. As the result of enzyme activity in serum, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in chitosanoligosaccharide-injected groups Cd+Chi and Chi7+Cd was lower than in group Cd. GSH-Px activity was sharply increased in groups Cd+Chi and Chi7+Cd compared to group Cd. GR activity was conspicuously decreased in groups Cd+Chi and Chi7+Cd compared to group Cd. As the result of light microscopic observation, liver cell necrosis caused by cadmium poisoning was obseved in liver cells. The finding of group Cd+Chi and Chi7+Cd was similar total on of normal groups. As the result of electron microscopic observation, mitochondria in group Cd showed a severe swelling phenomenon, RER fragment and ribosome dropout. However, in groups Cd+Chi and Chi7+Cd, mitochondria wiht high electron density were distributed and RER forming a typical lamellae with ribosome was observed. From these results, cadmium toxicity on rat liver tissues could be lessened by chitosanoligosaccharide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1963-1973
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and lipase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal morphology, small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, biochemical index of intestinal development and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $7.3{\pm}0.12kg$ were used in this 28-d experiment. Weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 levels of energy (net energy = 2,470 kcal/kg for low energy diet and 2,545 kcal/kg for basal diet) and 2 levels of lipase (0 and 1.5 U/g of lipase) according to BW and sex. There were 6 replications (pens) per treatment and 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). Results: Weaning pigs fed the low energy diet had lower (p<0.05) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) throughout the experiment, apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract, and gross energy during d 0 to 14, average daily gain during d 15 to 28, lipase activity in duodenum and ileum and protein/DNA in jejunum (p<0.05), respectively. Lipase supplementation had no effect on growth performance but affected apparent nutrient digestibility (p<0.05) on d 14 and enhanced lipase activity in the duodenum and ileum and protease activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs (p<0.05) fed the low energy diet. Lipase reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), $NH_3$ production (p<0.05) from the feces. Conclusion: The low energy diet decreased G:F throughout the experiment and nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 as well as lipase activity in duodenum and ileum. Lipase supplementation increased nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 and exerted beneficial effects on lipase activity in duodenum and ileum as well as protease activity in duodenum and jejunum, while reduced serum LDL-C, TG and fecal $NH_3$.