• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.851-856
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the diagnostic significance of serum bile acid on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants. Methods : Infants without cholestasis were classified into postnatal days and each change of serum bile acid was measured and analyzed. Also, the serum direct bilirubin, serum bile acid, ${\gamma}$-glutamic acid transferase, and alkaline phosphatase of premature infants with total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis were measured for comparison and analysis of their correlation. Results : Changes of serum bile acid analysis after birth showed no significant difference between boys and girls, between premature infants and term infants without cholestasis. Serum bile acid levels are constant after two weeks after birth in neonates without cholestasis. In premature infants with total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis, the increase of serum direct bilirubin over 2 mg/dL was $34.9{\pm}18.3$ days after birth, and the increase of serum bile acid was $28.1{\pm}18.3$ days. Its increase was about 1 week faster than serum direct bilirubin, however, there was no statistical significance(P=0.114). Comparing analysis of serum bile acid, ${\gamma}$-glutamic acid transferase, and alkaline phosphatase, serum bile acid showed the highest correlation to serum direct bilirubin(r=0.487, P=0.000). Conclusion : Serum bile acid is an important parameter of total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in premature infants and will be useful for early diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1986

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of Medium Chain Triglycerids (MCT) diet on cholesterol metabolism in rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed two different diets containing MCT(trioctanoate) and corn oil respectively. After feeding to each group for four weeks, the levels of serum and liver cholesterol, the excretion rates of fecal and biliary steroids, and also bile acid composition were investigated. The results obtained from the study are as follows : (1) The average body weight gain in MCT group was almost same as that in the corn oil group. (2) The concentration of serum cholesterol in MCT group was lower than that in the corn oil group. Therefore it is confirmed that the cholesterol lowing action of MCT diet was practically high. (3) The concentrations of liver cholesterol and Triglyceride in MCT group were almost same as that in the corn oil group. Therefore it is thought that the level of liver lipids was not influenced by the difference of diet in this study. (4) The excretion rate of fecal neutral steroid in MCT group was significantly lower than that in the corn oil group, while the rate of fecal bile acid excretion was about same in both MCT and corn oil group. (5) The composition rates of fecal bile acid such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid, a secondary acid of cholic acid, in MCT group were significantly lower than that in the corn oil group. (6) The excretion rates of biliary cholesterol and bile acid in MCT group were significantly higher than that in the corn oil group, while the composition rates of biliary bile acid such as chenoddeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid in MCT group were significantly higher than that in the corn oil group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1741-1745
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• 2004

Administration of milk and fermented milks produced from indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria on serum lipids and bile acids, fecal bile acids and microflora was estimated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Anaerobic lactic acid bacteria decreased and coliforms increased in the feces of the control group; however, the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged when rats were administered milk and fermented milks. Only fermented milk made from Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total bile acids. Milk and fermented milks did not influence the HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride and phospholipid levels were significantly lower in the rats fed fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 than rats fed milk and fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-29862, but not significantly different from the control group. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of bile acids in feces of hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Natto supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed on casein(CON group), steamed soybean(SS group), conventional Natto(N-1 group), garlic(2%) added Natto(N-2 group), red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-3 group) and galic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-4 group) as a protein source for 4 weeks. Serum and liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. Especially, dietary N-2, N-3 and N-4, compared with CON, reduced markedly the concentration of serum cholesterol. The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher markedly in the N-4 group than in the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the N-1, N-2, N-3 and N-4 groups than in the control group. Garlic and red pepper added Natto fed groups(N-2, N-3, N-4) showed more excreion of fecal bile acid when compared with those values of casein fed group. The results indicate that spice added Natto supplementation may have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism through reduced cholesterol levels and increased fecal bile acid excretion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 1995

In oriental folk medicine, Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis(Compositae) has been used for jaundice, hepatitis, diuretic and liver cirrhosis etc. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) has been used for more than 20 years as a model compound to study mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis in laboratory animals as rat and mouse. Various biochemical and morphological changes including biliary epithelial and parenchymal cell necrosis occur in the liver of animals treated with ANIT. The purposes of present study are to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis water extract(AMWE) on alterations of secretion volume and total bile acids level in bile juice, and that of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, and glucose levels in rat. AMWE stimulated bile secretion and recovered ANIT-induced cholestasis. Bile acid concentrations increased to more than 60% compared with normal by ANIT, which were returned toward normal value with AMWE treatment. Serum AST and ALT activities were increased by ANIT and yet which were significantly decreased with AMWE treatment. In addition, this effect was apparent in AMWE pretreatment group. Serum glucose levels were increased with AMWE and ANIT, while were decreased compared with control in AMWE posttreatment group. Increased serum total bilirubin contents and ALP activities by ANIT were significantly decreased with AMWE posttreatment. In conclusion, AMWE exerted bile acid-independent choleresis effect and then improved to normal conditions ANIT-induced cholestatic syndromes. Also, AMWE have protective and regenerative effect of hepatocytes in rat.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2005

Possible mechanism of decreased catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in cholestatic rat liver was studied. Hepatic and serum COMT activities were determined from the experimental rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL). The Michaelis-Menten constants in this hepatic enzyme were also measured. The activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial and mircosomal COMT as well as their Vmax values were found to be decreased significantly in CBDL plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group than in the control group, such as CBDL alone groups. However, their Km values in the experimental groups did not vary. Serum COMT activity increased slightly in the CBDL plus TCA injected group than in the control group. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the COMT in the liver. The elevated activity of the serum COMT is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability of hepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2005

Possible mechanisms of increased serum aryl sulfotransferase (AST) isozyme activities in cholestatic rats were studied. Serum AST-I, II and -III, IV isozymes activities were determined from the experimental rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL) or choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The activities of serum AST-I, II and -III, IV isozymes were found to be increased significantly in both the CCS plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group, and the CBDL plus TCA group than those in each control group, such as CCS or CBDL alone groups. The above results suggest that the elevated serum AST most likely due to increased hepatocyte membrane permeability caused by TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.539-543
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• 2005

Elevated level of serum cholesterol in humans is a risk factor correlated with the development of coronary heart disease. We have screened lactic acid bacteria from pig and human feces for the development of probiotics which have an anti-cholesterol effect. We have used special media to isolate only lactic acid bacteria and they were subjected to the experiments such as oxgal test, carbohydrate fermentation test. Results from the acid tolerance test and growth test in the presence of oxgal demonstrated that some strains would likely survive in thuman stomach, where acidity is high, and in small intestine, where bile fluid is present. In conclusion, we were able to screen lactic acid bacteria which were tolerant against bile acid and supposed to be prominent to lower the cholesterol level in human serum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.330-336
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of a green seaweed Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) on the serum, liver tissue, and fecal cholesterol levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (four weeks old) were given on of three diets for four weeks: basal, high cholesterol, and CFE, The total serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels in the CFE group were significantly decreased compared to those in the cholesterol group. The CFE group showed increased amounts of feces, total fecal bile acid and dietary fiber as compared to basal and cholesterol group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fat droplets in the livers of the rats in the cholesterol group; however, a decreased number of droplets was observed in the rats fed the CFE diet. Our results suggest that CFE supplementation may improve lipid metabolism, by controling serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels, and by increasing the total amounts of bile acid, dietary fiber and cholesterol excretion in feces.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

In experiment 1, rats (n＝6) fed diet containing 10 g/kg cholesterol for 4 wk (control) with either no amaranth (control), amaranth grain (300 g/kg, AG) or amaranth oil (90 g/kg, AO). Both the AG and AO groups had lower concentration of serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride than the controls (p < 0.05). Fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acid in AO group increased about 4 fold and 2 fold, respectively, while AG affected only bile acid excretion (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, rats (n＝6) were fed the cholesterol diet for 4 wk and injected intraperitoneally with saline (control) or amaranth squalene (AS) for 7d. The hypolipidemic effect of AS was evident in both serum and liver. Fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acid were greater (p < 0.05) in AS than control. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase activity was reduced in AS group (11.6%, p=0.13). This study suggests that the cholesterol-lowering effect of AS is mediated by greater fecal elimination of steroids through interference with cholesterol absorption.