• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2004

Performance of PEMFC is affected by many factors such as that of MEA, configuration of flow field, operating conditions, humidification, cooling and so on. In this study, in order to improve the performance of fuel cell, a small area fuel cell stack was made and its performance was tested under various operating conditions. Stack consists of 3 single PEM fuel cells. Channel is serpentine type and the active area of the electrode is $50cm^2$. The test results show that the peak power is 60W at $70^\circ{C}$ of stack temperature with humidification condition.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2460-2464
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• 2008

The present paper suggests new method to know the effects of molecular diffusion and the helicity of microchannel flows on mixing in passive micromixers, which are essential components of a microfluidic chip. In this study, 'Helix Index' is newly defined as the magnitude of chaotic advection. Relationship between Helix Index and Mixing Index is analyzed numerically such as the wide range of Peclet and Reynolds numbers in three dimensional serpentine microchannel when using soluble solutions (water/glycerol). As a result, a simple algebraic equation is derived by this relationship based on a regression analysis. The algebraic equation is found to be able to accurately predict the mixing performance without solving the coupled, complex momentum and mass transfer equations.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

In this study, the cooling characteristics of a liquid cooler using thermoelectric module was experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted for various inner structures of liquid cooler (4 cases), hot fluid flow rates (0.15-0.25 L/min), number of T.E module (2, 4, 6 set), and the cooling water flow rates (200-600 cc/min) for both parallel and counter flow types. Among the results, better cooling performance geometry was selected. And experiment was also carried out to examine further enhancement of cooling performance by inserting coils (pitches: 0.2, 3, 6 mm) into the hot-fluid channel. Present results showed that the short serpentine type(case2) indicated the best cooling performance. In the case of coil pitch of 3 mm, the best cooling performance was shown, more than 10% increase of the inlet and outlet temperature difference, compared with the case of the cooler without coil. Consequently, the inserted coil pitch should be properly selected to improve cooling performance.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

In this paper, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) with serpentine flow channel is presented. A steady state, single phase and isothermal numerical model has been established to investigate the influence of the GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) parameters. The GDL is made of a porous material such as carbon cloth, carbon paper or metal wire mesh. For the simplicity, the GDL is modeled as a block of material having numerous pathways through which gaseous reactants and liquid water can pass. The porosity, permeability and thickness of the GDL, which are employed in the model parameters significantly affect the PEMFC performance at the high current region.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1475-1482
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 최적의 Lab-on-a-Chip을 설계하기 위해 나선형 마이크로 채널에서 등속영동 프로틴 분리를 수행하는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이차원 유한 요소법을 이용하여 개발하였다. 개발한 이차원 ITP 모델은 다섯 가지 요소로 구성되며 Leader로서 염산을, Terminator로서 카르로산, 두 개의 프로틴 중 프로틴 A는 아세트산, 프로틴 B는 벤조산, 그리고 BE(Background Electrolyte)로서 히스티딘을 사용하였다. 컴퓨터 모델은 다섯 가지 구성 요소들에 대한 질량 보존 방정식과 전위에 대한 전하 보존 방정식, 그리고 pH 계산은 전기적 중성 조건식에 기반하고 있다. 제안된 이차원 공간 ITP 모델의 검증을 위해 제안한 모델의 결과와 Bohuslav Gas 그룹에서 개발한 Simu 5의 결과를 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 일차원 채널에서 두 모델이 매우 유사한 일치를 보임으로 제안한 모델의 정확성을 검증해 주었다. 이차원 프로틴 분리는 Lab-on-a-Chip 설계를 위한 이차원 곡선 채널에서 수행되어 채널 형상이 프로틴 포커싱분포(dispersions)의 변화를 초래함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3418-3422
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• 2007

The neutron imaging technique was used to investigate the water discharge characteristics at PEMFC. Prior to investigation of water discharge characteristics, the linear attenuation coefficient for water at Neutron Radiography Facility (NRF) was calibrated. The feasibility test apparatus was consisted of pressurized air and water in order to simulate the actual operating PEMFC. The feasibility tests have been performed at 1-parallel serpentine type with 100 $cm^2$ active area and different air flow rate (1, 2, and 4 lpm). The total water volume variations at each condition were calculated from the neutron images. The water at channel is well discharged as soon as supplying the pressurized air into the PEMFC. However, because the water at MEA isn't removed the total water volume is constant after 150. Therefore more effective method is needed in order to discharge water at MEA, and the neutron imaging technique is helpful for it.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2016

3차원 모델링을 이용하여 연료전지의 유로형상과 유체의 흐름 방향에 따른 연료전지의 성능에의 영향성을 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 연료전지 내부의 각 유로형상과 유동장의 변화에 전류밀도와 온도의 분포가 어떻게 이루어져 있는지를 분석하였고, 연료전지 단위셀의 전체적인 성능을 분석하였다. 3차원 모델링을 수행하기 위하여 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 전산유체역학을 이용하여 풀었다. 전산유체역학에 전기화학반응의 모델을 융합하여 계산을 수행하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 직선유로와 실제 사용되는 형태인 직사각형 모양의 유로형태를 모사하여 유로구조의 영향성을 분석하였다. 그리고 유체의 유동장을 변형시켜 그 영향성과 결과를 비교해 보았다. 본 전산모사 연구를 통하여 연료가 풍부한 부분보다는 산소가 풍부한 부분에서 전류밀도가 보다 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 전반적으로 전류밀도가 높은 곳에서 온도가 높은 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 온도의 분포와 유로형상과 유동장 그리고 전류밀도의 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 3 차원 전산 열유동해석을 통하여 형상법칙에 근거하여 개발된 냉각판의 열수력학적인 특성을 분석하였다. 서펜타인 형상을 포함하여 최적화, 최적화되지 않은 1, 2 차 형상 총 5 개 형상을 대상으로 동일한 구속조건을 부여함으로써 유동저항, 열저항 및 분지유로에서의 유동균일도를 상호 비교함으로써 냉각판의 성능평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 최적화된 1, 2 차 형상 구조가 최적화되지 않은 경우와 비교하여 훨씬 적은 압력손실을 나타내었으며, 압력손실을 기준으로 최적화된 2 차 형상 구조가 가장 우수한 유동 구조를 나타내었다. 또한, 최적화된 1, 2 차 형상구조의 열저항 및 유동 분배성능도 기존에 사용되는 유로형상과 비교하여 모두 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.373-373
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• 2009

Relative humidity, membrane conductivity and water activity are critical parameters of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) for high performance and reliability. These parameters are closely related with temperature. Moreover, the ideal values of these parameters are not always identical along the channels. Therefore, the cooling channel design and its operating condition should be well optimized along the all location of the channels. In the present study, we have performed a numerical investigation on the effects of cooling channels on performance of a PEMFC. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the energy equation including heat generated by the electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell. The present numerical model includes the gas diffusion layers (GDL) and serpentine channels for both anode and cathode gas flows, as well as cooling channels. To accurately predict the water transport across the membrane, the distribution of water content in the membrane is calculated by solving a nonlinear differential equation with a nonlinear coefficient, i.e., the water diffusivity which is a function of water content as well as temperature. Main emphasis is placed on the heat transfer between the solid bipolar plate and coolant flow. The present results show that local current density is affected by cooling channels due to the change of the oxygen concentration and the membrane conductivity as well as the water content. It is also found that the relative humidity is influenced by the generated water and the gas temperature and thus it affects the distribution of fuel concentration and the conductivity of the membrane, ultimately fuel cell performance. Unit-cell experiments are also carried out to validate the numerical models. The performance curves between the models and experiments show reasonable results.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2009

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising technology for short-term power generation required in residential and automobile applications. Proper management of water has been found to be essential for improving the performance and durability of PEM fuel cells. This study investigated the liquid water exhaust capabilities of various flow channels having different geometries and surface properties. Three-pass serpentine flow fields were prepared by patterning channels of 1 mm or 2 mm width onto hydrophilic Acrylic plates or hydrophobic Teflon plates, and the behaviors of liquid water in those flow channels were experimentally visualized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also conducted to quantitatively assess the liquid water exhaust capabilities of flow channels for PEM fuel cells. Numerical results showed that hydrophobic flow channels have better liquid water exhaust capabilities than hydrophilic flow channels. Flow channels with curved corners showed less droplet stagnation than the channels with sharp corners. It was also found that a smaller width is desirable for hydrophobic flow channels while a larger width is desirable for hydrophilic ones. The above results were explained as being due to the different droplet morphologies in hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels.